"Вестник МГСУ"

Foamed glass is one of the most energy efficient construction materials. However, the existing technologies of foamed glass manufacture do not correspond to the principles of green construction because a special sulphate glass is used, produced from natural raw materials, and it causes emission of pollutants at all stages of the life cycle of the material. The resource and energy-saving technology for producing environmentally safe energy-efficient foam glass based on off-grade glass cullet, which is a component of solid municipal waste, has been developed, substantiated and implemented. In solving a particular problem of foam glass production, an algorithm of development of an environmentally safe building material based on or with addition of production and consumption wastes was proposed and approved. This algorithm is consistent with the principles of green construction. Subject: development of the technological scheme of manufacture and recycling of energy efficient cellular material corresponding to the requirements of ecological safety at all stages of its life cycle; proposition of an algorithm that solves the general problem of development of environmentally friendly construction materials and conforms to the principles of green construction. Materials and methods: analysis of existing technical solutions for manufacture and recycling of foam glass from the viewpoint of green construction principles and proposition of alternative environmentally friendly solutions. Results: as a result of elimination of the drawbacks inherent in the existing foam glass at all stages of its life cycle, technical solutions that ensure environmental safety of the material were substantiated. Conclusions: the results can be used for development of construction materials corresponding to the principles of green construction.

In the modern conditions innovatization of construction is of great necessity, though it is associated with a number of problems of first of all institutional genesis. The development of green construction in Russia is on its first stages, though its necessity is growing according to the tendency for energy efficiency and sustainable development. The innovative process of ecological construction has a network model and requires its optimization with the aim of further development by advancing the institutional platform. The author proposed a conceptual scheme for an institutional platform of the innovative process of green construction and conducted systematization of institutional structures. The unique role of innovative and ecological institutes is substantiated. The author recommends an optimization method for institutional interaction of the subjects using the stakeholder theory and the theory of matrix games aimed at activation of innovative green technologies. Practical application of the offered algorithms and methods will allow increasing the efficiency of green construction development.

To date, ecological standards in construction (Green Standard, CAP-SPZS, "GREEN ZOOM", "Eco Pro", "Eco Village", VTS "Rousseau. Football stadium", "ACTIVE HOUSE" ADDsert) have been adopted in Russia, but certification according to National Green Standards is slow performed. Domestic developers and customers are in no haste to invest additional investment in green facilities. Today, incentive and state support are needed for the development of environmental construction in Russia. National ecological Standard in construction should become a clear guide for specialists, especially architects, in creating an environmentally sustainable architectural and urban environment that is favorable for population. The international ecological certification systems of green buildings (BREEAM, LEED, DGNB) are focused on the standards of the countries that develop these standards and do not take into account the natural, climatic and cultural realities of our state. The article analyzes and compares the three main current International Environmental Standards and Russian legislation in the field of environmental construction. The program of eco-activities in various spheres of the Russian economy is proposed.

Issues of economic evaluation of investment projects to green construction are considered in view of the complex accounting economic, social, environmental factors within Green Standard requirements to construction of ecological facilities. The urgency of constructing autonomous, energy-efficient, resource-saving complexes and facilities that do not have a negative impact on the environment is growing every year. Despite the fact that the current cost of electricity received from a centralized network is lower than the cost of its generation from autonomous sources, the world trend is of a steady increase of the energy price and at the same time reducing the annual cost of autonomous mini-electric power stations on renewable fuel. This makes it necessary to look at a new way of solving the issues of energy and resource saving and energy efficiency in industrial and civil construction. The facility from Moscow Region is chosen as a particular example of estimating the performance indicators of an autonomous individual house construction facility with design solutions, technologies and activities applied for obtaining energy from renewable sources (solar and wind), saving water, recycling and reusing waste, minimizing the negative impact on the environment. Taking into account the current strategic course of Russian socio-economic development to sustainable development, authors of the article emphasize that a comprehensive ecological and economic estimation of investment projects to green construction is designed to encourage and reorient the subjective goals of construction production from achieving private profit by business entities and specific investors investing funds in the shortest economic result to the search of optimal available technologies, solutions, measures ensuring the growth of indicators of social, public, ecological efficiency, development of regional industrial infrastructure of environmentally safe, resource-intensive, energy-efficient industrial, civil and individual house construction.