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DESIGNING AND DETAILING OF BUILDING SYSTEMS. MECHANICS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

DEGREE-BASED VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION INSIDE FLAT AND ROUND TURBULENT FLOWS

Vestnik MGSU 7/2012
  • Skrebkov Gennadiy Petrovich - Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ul’yanov (ChGU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Heat and Hydraulic Engineering; +7 (8352) 58-79-26, Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ul’yanov (ChGU), 15 Moskovskiy prospekt, Cheboksary, 428015, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Fedorov Nikolay Anfimovich - Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ul’yanov (ChGU) assistant lecturer, Department of Heat and Hydraulic Engineering; +7 (8352) 67-33-26, Chuvash State University named after I.N. Ul’yanov (ChGU), 15 Moskovskiy prospekt, Cheboksary, 428015, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 90 - 95

The authors propose a general method of identification of exponent within the distribution of velocities of round and flat flows. Resulting formulas do not contain any empirical corrections, and they are confirmed by the experimental data.
Resulting degree-based velocity profiles comply with the results of measurements of flat flows, whereas any disagreement between experiment-based points and their analysis-based counterparts do not exceed any acceptable experimental errors.
The practical equivalence of degree-based and logarithmic velocity profiles may serve as a supplementary condition that makes it possible to identify the degree value without the involvement of any empirical corrections.
The degree-based velocity profile of round flows may be calculated according to the expression .\[n=0,9\sqrt{\lambda }\]. or \[n=1,25\sqrt{{{\lambda }_{\text{}}}},\].. the degree-based velocity profile of flat flows is equal to \[n=1,76\sqrt{{{\lambda }_{\text{}}}},\] as both formulas enjoy experimental and theoretical substantiations.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.7.90 - 95

References
  1. Schiller L. Dvizhenie zhidkostey v trubakh [Movement of Fluids in Pipes]. ONTI Publ., Moscow, 1936, p. 230.
  2. Shevelev F.A. Issledovanie osnovnykh gidravlicheskikh zakonomernostey turbulentnogo dvizheniya v trubakh [Investigation of Basic Hydraulic Laws of the Turbulent Flow in Pipes]. Gosstroyizdat Publ., Moscow, 1953, p. 208.
  3. Nunner W. W?rme?bergang und Druckabfall in rauhen R?hren,VDI Forschungsheft, 1956, no. 45.
  4. Al‘tshul‘ A.D. Gidravlicheskie poteri na trenie v truboprovodakh [Hydraulic Friction Loss in Pipes]. Moscow-Leningrad, Gosenergoizdat Publ., 1963, 256 p.
  5. Bryanskaya Yu.V., Markova I.M., Ostyakova A.V. Gidravlika vodnykh i vzvesenesushchikh potokov v zhestkikh i deformiruemykh granitsakh [Hydraulics of Water and Suspension Flows in Rigid and Deformable Boundaries]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2009, 264 p.
  6. Loytsyanskiy L.G. Mekhanika zhidkosti i gaza [Fluid and Gas Mechanics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1978, 736 p.
  7. Bogomolov A.I., Borovkov V.S. Mayranovskiy T.G. Vysokoskorostnye potoki so svobodnoy poverkhnost’yu [High-speed Flows with Free Surface]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1979, p. 344.
  8. Skrebkov G.P. Parashchenko I.E. O velichine postoyannykh logarifmicheskogo profilya skorosti pri dvizhenii potoka mezhdu gladkimi stenkami [The Value of the Permanent Logarithmic Velocity Profile of the Flow between Smooth Walls]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura [Bulletin of Institutions of Higher Education. Construction and Architecture]. Novosibirsk, 1983, no. 2, pp. 88—92.
  9. Skrebkov G.P. O gidravlicheskom soprotivlenii rusel ploskomu potoku [About Hydraulic Resistance of Watercourses to Flat Flows]. Proceedings of VNIIG named after B.E. Vedeneeva, 1981, vol.145, pp. 87—92.
  10. Skrebkov G.P., Parashchenko I.E. Issledovanie kinematicheskoy struktury potoka i pristennogo treniya v trapetseidal’nykh kanalakh so stenkami odinakovoy i raznoy sherokhovatosti [Investigation of the Kinematic Structure of the Flow and Wall Friction in the Trapezoidal Channel with the Walls of Identical and Different Roughnesses]. Vodnye resursy [Aquatic Resources]. 1989, no. 2, pp. 91—96.
  11. Laufer J. Investigation of Turbulent Flow in a Two-Dimensional Channel. NACA, Rep. 1053, 1951, pp. 1—33.
  12. Subbotin V.N. Issledovanie osrednennykh gidrodinamicheskikh kharakteristik turbulentnogo potoka v pryamougol’nom kanale [The Study of Averaged Hydrodynamic Characteristics of the Turbulent Flow in a Rectangular Channel]. Obninsk, Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Preprint, 1973, no. 455.

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FLOW INTERMITTENCY PATTERN IN CASE OF THE TRANSITIONAL MODE OF HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE

Vestnik MGSU 1/2013
  • Bryanskaya Yuliya Vadimovna - National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Hydraulics; +7 (499) 261-39-12., National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 129337, Moscow, 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 177-184

The author considers hydraulic characteristics of the flow inside pipes in case of the transitional mode of hydraulic resistance on the basis of the model taking account of the flow intermittency within the viscous sublayer. The author introduces the notion of the flow intermittency coefficient as its quantitative characteristic. The proposed coefficient represents the ratio of the time period of the turbulent flow near the pipe surface to the total observation time. The author discusses the relationship between the coefficient of the flow intermittency and the characteristics of resistance. The author has obtained dependencies applicable to exact and approximate calculations of the coefficient of inter- mittency. The coefficient of resistance, calculated on the basis of the formulas proposed for the coefficient intermittency of flow, reflects peculiarities of the behavior of the coefficient of resistance in the transition zone. Its application provides sufficient convergence with the experimental data.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.1.177-184

References
  1. Kiselev P.G. Gidravlika. Osnovy mekhaniki zhidkosti [Hydraulics. Fundamentals of Liquid Mechanics]. Moscow, Energiya Publ., 1980, 360 p.
  2. Gurzhienko G.A. O vliyanii vyazkosti zhidkosti na zakony turbulentnogo dvizheniya v pryamoy tsilindricheskoy trube s gladkimi stenkami [About the Infl uence of the Viscosity of Liquids onto Regularities of the Turbulent Motion inside a Straight Cylindrical Pipe That Has Smooth Walls]. Works of Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. Moscow, 1936, no. 303, 56 p.
  3. Zegzhda A.P. Gidravlicheskie poteri na trenie v kanalakh i truboprovodakh [Hydraulic Resistance in Channels and Pipelines]. Moscow-Leningrad, Gos. izd-vo po stroitel’stvu i arkhitekture publ., 1957, 278 p.
  4. Shlikhting G. Teoriya pogranichnogo sloya [Boundary Layer Theory]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1969, 742 p.
  5. Narahari Rao K., Narasimha R., Badri Narayanan M.A. The “Bursting” Phenomenon in Turbulent Boundary Layer. J. Fluid Mech. 1971, vol. 48, part 2, pp. 339—352.
  6. Carino E.R., Brodkey R.S. A Visual Investigation of the Wall Region in Turbulent Flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1969, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1—30.
  7. Einstein H.A., Li H. The Viscous Sublayer along a Smooth Boundary. ASCE, Journal Engineering Mechanical Division, 1956, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 945-1—945-27.
  8. Bryanskaya Yu.V., Markova I.M., Ostyakova A.V. Gidravlika vodnykh i vzvesenesushchikh potokov v zhestkikh i deformiruemykh granitsakh [Hydraulics of Water and Suspension-bearing Flows within Rigid and Deformable Boundaries]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2009, 263 p.
  9. Borovkov V.S., Bryanskaya Y.V. Raschet soprotivleniya v perekhodnoy oblasti s uchetom peremezhaemosti techeniya v vyazkom podsloe [Transitional Resistance Calculation in the Transitional Zone with Account for the Flow Intermittency inside the Viscous Sublayer]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydraulic Engineering]. 2001, no. 7, pp. 20—22.
  10. Nikuradze I. Zakonomernosti turbulentnogo dvizheniya v gladkikh trubakh [Turbulent Motion Regularities in Smooth Surface Pipes]. Problemy turbulentnosti [Problems of Turbulence]. Moscow-Leningrad, ONTI NKTP Publ., 1936, pp. 75—150.
  11. Nikuradse I. Stroemungsgesetze in rauhen Rohren. Forschungs-Heft (Forschungs auf demGebiete des Ingenieur-Wesens). No. 361, 1933, pp. 1—22.

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MUTUAL CONSISTENCY OF REGULARITIES DEMONSTRATED BY THE FLOW AND HYDRAULIC RESISTANCE

Vestnik MGSU 5/2013
  • Baykov Vitaliy Nikolaevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Senior Lecturer, Department of Hydraulics; +7 (499) 261-39-12, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
  • Volynov Mikhail Anatol’evich - A.N. Kostyakov All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation (VNIIGiM) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Chair, Department of Water Resources Management, A.N. Kostyakov All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation (VNIIGiM), 127550, 44 Bol’shaya Akademicheskaya St., Moscow, 127550 Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 133-140

Mutual consistency of regularities demonstrated by the flow and hydraulic resistance is analyzed in this article. It is proven that the values of friction factors of pipes, identified through the employment of traditional methods, differ from those of channels by 4 times. It is also proven that the average velocity deficit inside pipes and channels, identified by integrating velocity profiles that depend on the Karman parameter, differ by only 1.5 times. The relation between the Karman parameter and the average velocity deficit provides this parameter with a clear physical sense.The original method of reconciliation of the experimental regularity of smooth pipes against the resistance ratio formula, obtained by integrating the logarithmic velocity profile, adjusts the value of the Karman parameter and the second constant of the velocity profile, as both are slightly different from the experimental values identified by I. Nikuradze.The average velocity deficit identified for the flow in rough pipes by integrating the velocity profile coincides with the same in smooth pipes, and they both have the same dependence on the Karman parameter. The adjusted Karman parameter value is almost the same for rough and smooth pipes. The adjusted value of the second turbulence constant for rough pipes is a little higher than the experimental value identified by I. Nikuradze.Adjusted first and second constant values of turbulence for rough and smooth pipes assure more consistency between the regularities of resistance and distribution of velocities inside smooth and rough pipes.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.5.133-140

References
  1. Bryanskaya Yu.V., Markova I.M., Ostyakova A.V. Gidravlika vodnykh i vzvesenesushchikh potokov v zhestkikh i deformiruemykh granitsakh [Hydraulics of Water Flows and Suspended Matter Bearing Flows in Rigid and Deformable Borders]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2009, 263 p.
  2. Bryanskaya Yu.V., Baykov V.N., Volynov M.A. Metodicheskie osnovy obrabotki dannykh gidrologicheskikh izmereniy rechnykh potokov na pryamolineynykh uchastkakh rusel [Methodology of Processing of Hydrologic Data of River Water Flows in Straightforward Beds]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydraulic Construction]. 2010, no. 11, pp. 60—64.
  3. Bryanskaya Yu.V. Osobennosti kinematiki techeniya i gidravlicheskogo soprotivleniya pri perekhodnom rezhime [Peculiarities of Kinematics of Flows and Hydraulic Resistance in the Transient Mode]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydraulic Construction]. 2004, no. 12, pp. 26—29.
  4. Akinlade O.G., Bergstrom D.J. Effect of Surface Roughness on the Coefficients of a Power Law for the Mean Velocity in a Turbulent Boundary Layer. Journ. of Turbulence. 2007, vol. 8, pp. 1—27.
  5. Jim?nez J., Hoyas S., Simens M.P., Mizuno Y. Turbulent Boundary Layers and Channels at Moderate Reynolds Numbers. Journ. Fluid Mech. 2010, vol. 657, pp. 335—360.
  6. Al’tshul’ A.D. Gidravlicheskie soprotivleniya [Hydraulic Resistances]. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1982, 222 p.
  7. Mikhalev M.A. Gidravlicheskiy raschet napornykh truboprovodov [Hydraulic Analysis of Pressure Pipelines]. Inzhenernostroitel’nyy zhurnal [Civil Engineering Journal]. 2012, no. 6(32), pp. 20—28.
  8. Zegzhda A.P. Gidravlicheskie poteri na trenie v kanalakh i truboprovodakh [Hydraulic Friction Losses in Channels and Pipes]. Moscow, Gos. izd-vo liter. po stroit. i arkhitekt. [State Publishing House of Civil Engineering and Architecture], 1957, 277 p.
  9. Bryanskaya Yu.V. Techenie v pristenochnom sloe i za ego predelami (v trube, kanale i pogranichnom sloe) [Flow in the Near-wall Layer and Beyond Its Borders (in a Pipe, Channel and Boundary Layer). Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2010, no. 4, vol. 2, pp. 60—66.
  10. Nikuradze I. Zakonomernosti turbulentnogo dvizheniya v gladkikh trubakh [Turbulent Motion Patterns inside Smooth Pipes]. Problemy turbulentnosti [Problems of Turbulence]. Moscow – Leningrad, ONTI NKTP Publ., 1936, pp. 75—150.
  11. Gioia G., Chakraborty P. Turbulent Friction in Rough Pipes and the Energy Spectrum of the Phenomenological Theory. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, no. 96, pp. 1—4.
  12. Nikuradze I. Stroemungsgesetze in rauhen Rohren. Forschungs-Heft (Forschungs auf dem Gebiete des Ingenieur-Wesens). 1933, no. 361, pp. 1—22.

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SUPPRESSION OF NEAR-WALL TURBULENCE USING FLOW ROTATION IN A CIRCULAR PIPE

Vestnik MGSU 6/2013
  • Bryanskaya Yuliya Vadimovna - National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Hydraulics; +7 (499) 261-39-12., National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 129337, Moscow, 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Zuykov Andrey L’vovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Chair, Department of Hydraulics; +7(495)287-49-14, ext. 14-18, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 161-169

Turbulence of flows is the physical reason for the increase of the hydraulic resistance inside pipes and channels. Identification of turbulence suppression methods, aimed at reduction of the hydraulic resistance, constitutes an important challenge. The authors discuss the feasibility of suppression of the near-wall turbulence in pipes using the rotation of the flow. The authors argue that the centrifugal force agitated by the flow rotation is the factor capable of depressing the turbulence and stabilizing the near-wall flow.The authors have proven the hypothesis that the centrifugal pressure can suppress turbulent fluctuations. The authors compared pulsating and centrifugal pressure values to derive the criterial condition of turbulence suppression using flow rotation. Flow rotation can be generated by internal spiral finning. Dependence of the spiral step on the hydraulic resistance coefficient is identified. The calculation of the spiral finning step in a pipe having smooth walls is performed for different values of the Reynolds number. Calculations prove that the total resistance decline may exceed 30 %. Experimental verification of calculations is need.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.6.161-169

References
  1. Khintse I.O. Turbulentnost’, ee mekhanizm i teoriya [Turbulence, Its Nature and Theory]. Moscow, Fizmatgiz Publ., 1963, 680 p.
  2. Carino E.R., Brodkey R.S. A Visual Investigation of the Wall Region in Turbulent Flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 1969, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1—30.
  3. Bailey S.C.C., Kunkel G.J., Hultmark M., Vallikivi M., Hill J.P., Meyer K.A., Arnold C.B., Smits A.J., Tsay C. Turbulence Measurements Using a Nanoscale Thermal Anemometry Probe. J. of Fluid Mechanics. 2010, vol. 663, pp. 160—179.
  4. Kuik D.J., Poelma C., Westerweel J. Quantitative Measurement of the Lifetime of Localized Turbulence in Pipe Flow. J. of Fluid Mechanics. 2010, vol. 645, pp. 529—539.
  5. Lyatkher V.M. Turbulentnost’ v gidrosooruzheniyakh [Turbulence inside Hydraulic Engineering Structures]. Moscow, Energiya Publ., 1968, 408 p.
  6. Kont-Bello Zh. Turbulentnoe techenie v kanale s parallel’nymi stenkami [Turbulent Flow in a Channel Having Parallel Walls]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1968, 325 p.
  7. Bogomolov A.I., Borovkov V.S., Mayranovskiy F.G. Vysokoskorostnye potoki so svobodnoy poverkhnost’yu [High Velocity Free Surface Flows]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1979, 344 p.
  8. Lyatkher V.M. O metodike issledovaniya pul’satsii davleniya na granitse turbulentnogo potoka [Methodology of Research into Pulsations of Pressure at the Turbulent Flow Boundary]. Trudy koordinatsionnykh soveshchaniy po gidrotekhnike. Vyp. VII. Soveshchanie po gidravlike vysokonapornykh vodosbrosnykh sooruzheniy [Work of Coordination Meetings on Hydraulic Engineering. No. VII. Meeting on Hydraulics of High-pressure Water Discharge Structures]. Moscow – Leningrad, Gosudarstvennoe energeticheskoe izd-vo publ., 1963, pp. 533—553.
  9. Bluemink J.J., Lohse D., Prosperetti A., Van Wijngaarden L. Drag and Lift Forces on Particles in a Rotating Flow. J. of Fluid Mechanics. 2010, vol. 643, pp. 1—31.
  10. Kiselev P.G. Gidravlika. Osnovy mekhaniki zhidkosti [Hydraulics. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics]. Moscow, Energiya Publ., 1980, 360 p.
  11. Berger W., Labahn J. Bionische Forschungsansatze im Leitungsbau. Rohrbau-Kongress, Weimar, 2008, no. 14, pp. 15—25.

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Hydraulic characteristics of turbulent flows inside pipes and broad channels

Vestnik MGSU 9/2012
  • Baykov Vitaliy Nikolaevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Senior Lecturer, Department of Hydraulics 8 (499) 261-39-12, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Bryanskaya Yuliya Vadimovna - National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Hydraulics; +7 (499) 261-39-12., National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 129337, Moscow, 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Volynov Mikhail Anatolevich - All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation named after A.N. Kostyakov (VNIIGIM) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of Department of Water Resources Management, All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation named after A.N. Kostyakov (VNIIGIM), 44 Bolshaya Akademicheskaya st., Moscow, 127550, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 60 - 66

In the article, the authors provide their summarized findings concerning the difference between
the mean velocity determined on the basis of the discharge rate and through the integration
of the velocity profi le alongside the pipe radius. The authors have identified the ratio between these
velocities, which is confirmed by the experimental data obtained for pipes and channels. The equation
characterizing the ratio of these velocities has also been derived.
The analysis of compatibility of dynamic and kinematic characteristics of in-pipe and wide
flows has been performed. This analysis demonstrates that the coefficient of hydraulic resistance
of in-pipe and wide flows can vary up to 10-20 % despite the identical hydraulic radius and the
tension of friction. This difference is caused by the difference in the mean velocities of in-pipe flows.
The authors demonstrate that the coincidence between the equations of hydraulic resistance
of in-pipe and wide flows is attainable when the numerical exponent of the velocity profile inside
pipes and channels is different.
The quantitative correlation between the hydraulic resistance coefficient and the numerical
exponent of the velocity profile for channel flows is identified. This correlation is substantiated by
the experimental data.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.9.60 - 66

References
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