"Вестник МГСУ"

Subject: for many centuries the yard was the social centre of residential development. However, the problems of its spatial organization often do not receive appropriate attention in modern cities. The city of Yerevan, in this sense, is also not an exception, where the new socio-economic conditions that emerged in the early 1990s led to radical changes in the residential development organization. Under this impact, a serious transformation has also been made to the yard space, which is the subject of this study. Research objectives: identification of the main stages of the yard space evolution in the residential building development of Yerevan in the 20th century and the revelation of its characteristic features. Materials and methods: the work is carried out on the basis of observations and published sources by the method of theoretical research, analysis and generalization of the material. Results: the work is composed of the following thematic subdivisions: the yard in the structure of traditional housing (in residential buildings of the 19th and early 20th centuries); development of the yard space in the new format of perimeter-quarter development (in the system of perimeter development of streets in the 1920-1950s); problems of yard organization in open compositions of building development (in the new forms of free building development by standardized elements in 1960s); attempts of yard restoration in the systematized compositions of building development (in the process of formation of large complexes of building development in 1970-1980s); loss of the yard space in contemporary conditions (in the residential building development formed since 1990s in the new socio-economic conditions). Conclusions: based on the results of the analysis, classification of the main stages of the yard space organization evolution during the last century is presented. This classification must be included in the process of the general study of development of residential architecture of Yerevan in the 20th century.

The article covers essential legal and structural transformations designated to boost the development of the system of management of housing resources of the Russian Federation. The housing sector has not taken advantage of the competitive environment to foster the housing management and maintenance systems, as no rigorous contractual relations may be established absent of regular and sufficient funding. The equity ownership to the common property of an apartment house gave rise to new legal relations and to the alteration of the function of the real estate management. According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, no owner of any item of residential or nonresidential property can independently manage the common property in a residential housing building, as it is inseparable from other premises of apartment buildings; therefore, it cannot be the subject of an independent agreement.
The article also covers the method of apartment building management, or the choice of a new system of legal relations. Unfortunately, the legislator does not provide any legal properties of the management agreement; therefore, it shall be considered as a mixed agreement. Consummation of any legal act may involve three options of its implementation. The law may introduce new relations, whereby any prior relations are cancelled, the law may require any prior relations to be transformed to comply with the law, or the law may introduce a transitory period. Transformation of existing legal relations aimed at the assurance of their compliance with the new law means introduction of changes and amendments into existing contractual relations. For example, particular contractual relations are to be documented in writing, other terms of agreements are to be altered, new dates or liabilities may be introduced, contractual payment procedures may be changed, etc. This approach assures a smooth, gradual and leap-free reform to prevent the mistakes the consequences of which will affect the population.