Intensity and probability-related properties of turbulence of steady river flows
Pages 89 - 94
The article represents an overview of the field studies of the intensity and distribution of probability
of longitudinal turbulent velocity fluctuations in river flows with different sizes of beds and
hydrological characteristics. The authors demonstrate that the normalizing transformation of velocity
fluctuations performed by the local friction velocity makes it possible to get the changes of velocity
fluctuations deep inside the flow close to universal.
The authors have also identified that the intensity of turbulent velocity fluctuations exceeds
the friction velocity 2.5-3-fold in the area close to the river bottom, while their intensities demonstrate
their gradual decline closer to the surface of the flow. The authors have derived an approximation
formula, describing the change of the intensity of longitudinal velocity fluctuations
deep inside river flows.
Probability distributions of longitudinal velocity fluctuations were compared to those based on
the law of Gauss. It is proven that they have a kurtosis of a frequency curve as well as an asymmetry
in comparison with the distribution of Gauss, which are most vivid in the area close to the bottom of the flow. Due to the fact that the coefficient of asymmetry includes a third degree of velocity fluctuations,
and a kurtosis of the frequency curve, experimental identification of these characteristics
is problematic for the reason of their instability. The new information concerning the intensity and
probability properties of the river flow turbulence can be used in projecting the mixture formation and
mass exchange processes ongoing inside river flows.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.9.89 - 94
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