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SAFETY OF BUILDING SYSTEMS. ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. GEOECOLOGY

The aspects of fire safety at landfills

Vestnik MGSU 1/2014
  • Aleshina Tat'yana Anatol'evna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sci- ences, Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 119-124

Starting with 2008 and till 2013 there have been alarm messages about fires occurring at landfill places in Russia. Landfill fires are especially dangerous as they emit dangerous fumes from the combustion of the wide range of materials within the landfill. Subsurface landfill fires, unlike typical fires, cannot be put out with water. The article includes the analysis of the sources and causes of conflagrations at landfills. There maintains the necessity to eliminate the reasons, which cause the fires. There are quantification indices of environmental, social and economic effects of fires at landfills all over Russia. Surface fires generally burn at relatively low temperatures and are characterized by the emission of dense white smoke and the products of incomplete combustion. The smoke includes irritating agents, such as organic acids and other compounds. Higher temperature fires can cause the breakdown of volatile compounds, which emit dense black smoke. Surface fires are classified as either accidental or deliberate. For the ecologic security there is a need in the execution of proper hygienic requirements to the content of the places as well as international recommendations. In addition to the burning and explosion hazards posed by landfill fires, smoke and other by-products of landfill fires also present a health risk to firefighters and others exposed to them. Smoke from landfill fires generally contains particulate matter (the products of incomplete combustion of the fuel source), which can aggravate pre-existing pulmo- nary conditions or cause respiratory distress and damage ecosystem. The monitoring of conducting preventive inflamings and transition to alternative, environment friendly methods of waste disposal is needed.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.1.119-124

References
  1. Kontseptsiya dolgosrochnogo sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2020 goda ot 17 noyabrya 2008 g. ¹ 1662-r. S. 2 [Concept of Long-term Social and Economic Development for the Period till 2020 from November 17, 2008, no. 1662-r. P. 2.]. Konsul'tant-Plyus. Available at: http://base.consultant.ru. Date of access: 12.11.2013.
  2. Strategiya sotsial'no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Moskovskoy oblasti. Ministerstvo ekonomiki Moskovskoy oblasti, 4 avgusta 2012 g. Administratsiya gorodskogo okruga Reutov [Strategy of Socio-Economic Development of Moscow Region. Ministry of Economy of the Moscow Region, August 4, 2012. Regional Government of Reutov]. Available at: http://www.reutov.net. Date of access: 12.11.2013.
  3. SP 2.1.7.1038—01. Gigienicheskie trebovaniya k ustroystvu i soderzhaniyu poligonov dlya tverdykh bytovykh otkhodov [Regulations 2.1.7.1038—01. Sanitary Requirements to Arrangement and Maintenance of Solid Domestic Waste at Landfills].
  4. V Podmoskov'e gorit svalka bytovykh otkhodov. 20 avgusta 2010 g. [A Landfill Burns In Moscow Region. August 20, 2010]. RIA Novosti. Available at: http://ria.ru/. Date of access: 12.11.2013.
  5. Ryabov Yu.V. Razrabotka universal'noy metodiki rascheta ekologicheskogo riska vozniknoveniya pozhara na nesanktsionirovannykh svalkakh [Development of Universal Methods for Calculating Environmental Risk at Unauthorized Landfills]. Saint Petersburg, Sankt-Peterburgskiy nauchno-issledovatel'skiy tsentr ekologicheskoy bezopasnosti RAN Publ., 2011, p. 3.
  6. Gulyashchikh V. Musor s ogon'kom. 17 iyunya 2013 g. [Rubbish with Fire. June 17, 2013]. Aktual'no.ru. Available at: http://aktualno.ru. Date of Access: 12.11.2013.
  7. Easterlin R.A., Angelescu L. Modern Economic Growth and Quality of Life: Cross Sectional and Time Series Evidence. Forthcoming in K. C. Land (Ed.), Handbook of Social Indicators and Quality-of-Life Research. New York and London, Springer, 2011.
  8. Aleshina T.A. Nekotorye aspekty negativnogo vozdeystviya svalok tverdykh bytovykh otkhodov Moskovskoy oblasti [Some Aspects of the Negative Impacts of Solid Household Waste Landfills in Moscow Region]. Internet-vestnik VolgGASU. Seriya: Politematicheskaya [Internet Proceedings of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Polythematic Series]. 2012, no. 3(23). Available at: vestnik.vgasu.ru.
  9. Anopchenko T.Yu. Podkhody k otsenke ekologo-ekonomicheskogo riska [Approaches to Ecological and Economic Risks Estimation]. Ekonomicheskiy vestnik Yuzhnogo Federal'nogo okruga [Economic Proceedings of Southern Federal District]. 2006, no. 4.
  10. Chura N.N. O terminologii i osnovnykh ponyatiyakh bezopasnosti (na primere stat'i Yayli E.A. «Kontseptsiya riska dlya upravleniya urovnem ekologicheskoy bezopasnosti na urbanizirovannykh territoriyakh», opublikovannoy v zhurnale «Bezopasnost' zhiznedeyatel'nosti». 2009, ¹ 5) [On Terminology and Basic Concepts of Security (on the Example of the Article Yayli E.A. "Risk Concepts for Controlling the Level of Environmental Security on Urbanized Territories", Published in the Journal Life Safety. 2009, no.5]. Bezopasnost' zhiznedeyatel'nosti [Life Safety]. 2009, no. 10, pp. 46—48.

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The present-day geo-ecological status of landfills in the Moscow region and solutions to the problem in question

Vestnik MGSU 9/2012
  • Aleshina Tatyana Anatolevna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU); Department of Engineering Geology and Geo-ecology Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU); Department of Engineering Geology and Geo-ecology, 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Chernyshev Sergey Nikolayevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Professor, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 185 - 190

The authors consider the negative impact of landfills of solid domestic waste in the Moscow
region. Municipal solid waste consists of everyday items that are discarded by the public. The composition
of the municipal waste does not vary in the regions, although its amount changes significantly as the time progresses.
In the article, the authors analyze the waste accumulation rate growth per Russian inhabitant.
Today, the disposal of waste at landfills is the ultimate fate of all solid wastes in Russia. The biggest
operating landfills are concentrated in the Moscow region. Modern landfills can be dangerous to the
environment and to the public health and safety. They produce various chemical, thermal, mechanical,
bacterial and even radioactive impacts. The authors have compiled a scheme of geo-ecological
impact of the landfill gas onto the biosphere. Different types of pollution in the areas of concentration for the solid domestic waste have a negative effect onto each environment component. The authors
provide the values of norms of payment and conversion factors for air emissions of landfills. They
are low, and they do not cover the cost of damage onto the environment. There is a need to find
ways of using the municipal solid waste in Russia for energy generation purposes.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.9.185 - 190

References
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  2. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva g. Moskvy no. 9-PP ot 15 yanvarya 2008 g. «Ob utverzhdenii norm nakopleniya tverdykh bytovykh otkhodov i krupnogabaritnogo musora». [Resolution of the Government of Moscow ¹ 9-PP of 15.01.2008 «On approval of norms of accumulation of waste»].
  3. Project of the Regional Target Program «Handling of Waste in the Moscow Region 2006—2015». March 2th, 2005, no. 6/131.
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  5. Tverdye bytovye otkhody [Solid Domestic Waste]. Scientific Practical Journal, no. 10 (64), 2011.
  6. Aleshina T.A. Geoekologicheskoe modelirovanie vozdeystviy biogaza poligonov TBO na okruzhayushchuyu sredu [Geo-ecological Modeling of the Landfill Gas Impact onto the Environment]. MGSU Publ., 2011.
  7. Federal Law «On Environmental Protection», 2002.
  8. Petrova T.V. Pravovye problemy ekonomicheskogo mekhanizma okruzhayushchey sredy [Legal Problems of the Economic Mechanism of the Environment]. Moscow, Zertsalo Publ., 2000.
  9. Postanovlenie Pravitel’stva Moskvy ot 28 aprelya 2001 g. ¹131/16 «Ob indeksatsii platy za zagryaznenie okruzhayushchey sredy na territorii Moskovskoy oblasti». [Resolution of the Government of Moscow of 28.04.2001 no. 131/16 «Indexation of payment for the abuse of the environment in the Moscow region»].
  10. P’yankova E.D. Otsenka i minimizatsiya vozdeystviya na okruzhayushchuyu sredu poligonov TBO [Assessment and Mitigation of Impacts of Landfills onto the Environment]. St.Petersburg, 2007.

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