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Samarin Oleg Dmitrievich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor, Department of the Heating and Ventilation, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federa- tion;
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The problem of the most accurate estimation of energy consumption by ventilation and air conditioning systems in buildings is a high-priority task now because of the decrease of energy and fuel sources and because of the revision of building standards in Russian Federation. That’s why it is very important to find simple but accurate enough correlations of the climatic parameters in heating and cooling seasons of a year.Therefore the probabilistic and statistical relationship of the parameters of external climate in warm and cold seasons are considered. The climatic curves for cold and warm seasons in Moscow showing the most probable combinations between the external air temperature and the relative air humidity are plotted using the data from the Design Guidelines to the State Building Code “Building Climatology”. The statistical relationship of the enthalpy and the external air temperature for climatic conditions of Moscow are determined using these climatic curves and formulas connecting relative air humidity and other parameters of the air moisture degree.The mean value of the external air enthalpy for the heating season is calculated in order to simplify the determination of full heat consumption of ventilating and air conditioning systems taking into account the real mean state of external air. The field of ap- plication and the estimation of accuracy and standard deviation for the presented dependences are found. The obtained model contains the only independent parameter namely the external air temperature and therefore it can be easily used in engineering practice especially during preliminary calculation.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.1.146-152
References
- Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. Trebovaniya k teplozashchite i energeticheskoy effektivnosti v proyekte aktualizirovannogo SNiP “Teplovaya zashchita zdaniy” [The Requirements to the Thermal Performance and Energy Efficiency in the Project of Actualized State Building Code «Thermal Performance of the Buildings»]. Zhilishchnoye stroitel’stvo [House Construction]. 2011, no. 8, pp. 2—6.
- Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. O trebovaniyakh k teplozashchite i energeticheskoy effektivnosti v proyekte aktualizirovannoy redaktsii SNiP “Teplovaya zashchita zdaniy” [On the Requirements to the Thermal Performance and Energy Efficiency in the Project of Actualized State Building Code «Thermal Performance of the Buildings»]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 7, pp. 59—66.
- Gagarin V.G. Makroekonomicheskiye aspekty obosnovaniya energosberegayushchikh meropriyatiy pri povyshenii teplozashchity ograzhdayushchikh konstruktsiy zdaniy [The Macroeconomic Factors of Energy Saving Measures Justification in Case of Increasing the Thermal Performance of Building Enclosures]. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010, no. 3, pp. 8—16.
- ?liogerien? J., Kaklauskas A., Zavadskas E.K., Bivainis J., Seniut M. Environment Factors of Energy Companies and their Effect on Value: Analysis Model and Applied Method. Technological and Economic Development of Economy. 2009, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 490—521.
- Uzsilaityte L., Martinaitis V. Impact of the Implementation of Energy Saving Measures on the Life Cycle Energy Consumption of the Building. Paper of the conference of VGTU. 2008, vol. 2, pp. 875—881.
- Wang J., Zhai Z., Jing Y., Zhang Ch. Influence Analysis of Building Types and Climate Zones on Energetic, Economic and Environmental Performances of BCHP Systems. Applied Energy. 2011, vol. 88, no. 9, pp. 3097—3112.
- Samarin O.D. Integral’nye kharakteristiki otopitel’nogo perioda [Integral Characteristics of the Heating Season]. SOK [Sanitary Engineering, Heating and Air Conditioning]. 2010, no. 2, pp. 38—40.
- Samarin O.D., Matveyeva E.G. Opredeleniye parametrov okhladitel’nogo perioda [Determination of the Parameters of the Cooling Season]. SOK [Sanitary Engineering, Heating and Air Conditioning], 2013, no. 1, pp. 120—122.
- Bulgakov S.N., Bondarenko V.M., Kuvshinov Yu.Ya. and oth. Teoriya zdaniya. T. 1. Zdanie — obolochka [Theory of a Building. Vol. 1. Building — Envelope]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2007, 280 p.
- Savin V.K., editor. Stroitel’naya klimatologiya: Spravochnoye posobiye k SNiP 23-01—99* [Building Climatology: Design Guideline to State Building Code 23-01—99*]. Moscow, NIISF Publ., 2006, 250 p.
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Giyasov Botir Iminzhonovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, chair, Department of Architectural and Construction Design, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (495) 287-49-14;
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Kupriyanov Roman Valer’evich -
Tambov State Technical University (TSTU)
postgraduate student, Department of Urban Construction and Automobile Roads, Tambov State Technical University (TSTU), 112 E Michurinskaya str., Tambov, 392032, Russian Federation; +7 (4752) 63-09-20, 63-03-72;
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Andrianov Konstantin Anatol’evich -
Tambov State Technical University (TSTU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Urban Development and Motor Roads, Tambov State Technical University (TSTU), 112 E Michurinskaya str., 392032, Tambov, Russian Federation; +7 (4752) 63-09-20, 63-03-72;
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Zubkov Anatoliy Fedorovich -
Tambov State Technical University (TSTU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Urban Development and Motor Roads, Tambov State Technical University (TSTU), 112 E Michurinskaya str., 392032, Tambov, Russian Federation; +7 (4752) 63-09-20, 63-03-72;
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The construction quality of road surface of non-rigid type essentially depend on providing the temperature regimes in the process of laying and packing of hot asphalt concrete mixtures. In order to provide the required characteristics of asphalt concrete due to the surface width it is necessary to provide the temperature regimes of hot asphalt concrete mixture in the zones of lane connection. The hot mixture is promptly cooling right after laying within several minutes, which results, according to the construction technology and the specific conditions of work production, in temperature abuse of the mixture at joints of the lanes at packing. The authors present the analysis of the technology of arranging multilane road surface by one paver with the possibility of heating the surface lane edge with the temperature of the adjacent lane. The results of the studies of the production conditions effect on the temperature of edge heating of the previously laid lanes, and the time required to achieve the maximum heating temperature depending on the relative thickness of coating layers.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.3.17-28
References
- Zubkov A.F., Andrianov K.A., Lyubimova T.I. Rekomendatsii po razrabotke tekhnologicheskikh protsessov stroitel’stva pokrytiy iz goryachikh asfal’tobetonnykh smesey [Recommendations on Tehcnological Processes Development for Constructing Road Pavement of Hot Asphalt Concrete Mixes]. Sovremennye metody stroitel’stva avtomobil’nykh dorog i obespechenie bezopasnosti dvizheniya : materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy Internet-konferentsii [Modern Construction Methods of Automobile Roads and Providing Traffic Safety : Materials of the International Science and Practice Internet Conference]. Moscow, 2007, pp. 132—137. (In Russian)
- Apestin V.K. O raskhozhdenii proektnykh i normativnykh mezhremontnykh srokov sluzhby dorozhnykh odezhd [On the Discrepancy of Design and Normative Overhaul Periods of Road Pavement]. Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhnoy otrasli [Science and Technology of Road Branch]. 2011, no. 1 (56), pp. 18—20. (In Russian)
- Aleksikov S.V., Abdulzhalilov O.Yu., Karpushko M.O. Ukladka goryachikh asfal’tobetonnykh smesey pri remonte pokrytiy gorodskikh dorog [Laying Hot Asphalt Concrete Mixes in the Process of City Road Pavement Construction]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. Seriya: Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura [Bulletin of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Series: Construction and Architecture]. 2010, no. 17 (36), pp. 35—42. (In Russian)
- Aleksikov S.V., Abdulzhalilov O.Yu., Karpushko M.O. Transportnoe obespechenie stroitel’stva dorozhnykh pokrytiy [Transport Support of Road Pavement Construction]. Progress transportnykh sredstv i sistem : materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii (g. Volgograd, 13—15 oktyabrya 2009 g.) [Progress of Transport Means and Systems : Materials of the International Science and Practice Conference (Volgograd, October 13—15, 2009)]. Volgograd, VolgGASU Publ., 2009, part 2, pp. 95—96. (In Russian)
- Büchler S., Wistuba M.P. Modellierung des Kälteverhaltens von Asphalten. Strasse und Autobahn. 2012, no. 4, pp. 233—240.
- Wellner F., Werkmeister S., Ascher D. Auswirkung der Alterung und des Schichtenverbundes auf den Beanspruchungs zustand von Asphaltbefestigungen. Strasse und Autobahn. 2012, no. 7, pp. 430—437.
- Evdorides H.T., Snaitin M.S. A Knowledge-Based Analysis Process for Road Pavement Condition Assessment. Proc. Insin. Civ. Engrs. Transp. 1996, vol. 117, no. 3, Aug., pp. 202—210. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/itran.1996.28631.
- Snyder R.W. Asphalt Paving: Smoothing Nerves. Roads & Bridges. 2014, vol. 52, no. 3, p. 42.
- Fort L. Massive Impact. Roads & Bridges. October 2014, p. 28.
- Hofko B., Blab R. Einfluss der Verdichtungsrichtung auf das mechanische Verhalten von Asphaltprobekörpern aus walzsegmentverdichteten Platten. Straße und Autobahn. 2013, vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 522—530.
- Vasil’ev A.P., editor. Spravochnaya entsiklopediya dorozhnika. T. 2: Remont i soderzhanie avtomobil’nykh dorog [Reference Book of a Road Worker. Vol. 2. Repair and Maintenance of Automobile Roads]. Moscow, Informavtodor Publ., 2004, 507 p. (In Russian)
- Vasil’ev A.P., editor. Spravochnaya entsiklopediya dorozhnika. T. 1: Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya avtomobil’nykh dorog [Reference Book of a Road Worker. Vol. 1. Construction and Reconstruction of Automobile Roads]. Moscow, Informavtodor Publ., 2005, 646 p. (In Russian)
- Tsupikov S.G. Spravochnik dorozhnogo mastera. Stroitel’stvo, ekspluatatsiya i remont avtomobil’nykh dorog [Guide of a Road Master. Construction, Operation and Repairs of Automobile Roads]. Moscow, Infra-Inzheneriya Publ., 2009, 924 p. (In Russian)
- Aleksikov S.V., Abdulzhalilov O.Yu., Karpushko M.O. Ukladka goryachikh asfal’tobetonnykh smesey pri remonte pokrytiy gorodskikh dorog [Laying of Hot Asphalt Concrete Mixes during Repairs of City Roads]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. Seriya: Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura [Bulletin of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Series: Construction and Architecture]. 2010, no. 17 (36), pp. 35—42. (In Russian)
- Bondarev B.A., Korneev A.D., Shtefan Yu.V., Soshnin P.V. Optimizatsiya mezhremontnykh srokov sluzhby gorodskikh avtomobil’nykh dorog [Optimization of Overhaul Periods of City Roads]. Lipetsk, LGTU Publ., 2006, 203 p. (In Russian)
- Kupriyanov R.V., Evseev E.Yu. Analiz tekhnologiy dlya remonta vyboin na pokrytiyakh nezhestkogo tipa [Analyzing the Technologies Potholes Repair on Paving of Non-Rigid Type]. Dorogi Rossii 21 veka [Roads of Russia of the 21st Century]. 2010, no. 4, pp. 84—87. (In Russian)
- Sostoyanie avtomobil’nykh dorog v Rossii [State of Automobile Roads in Russia]. Avto : elektronnyy zhurnal / Klintsy.ru [Auto: Electronic Journal / Klintsy.ru]. Available at: http://www.klintsy.ru/auto/sostojanie-avtomobilnykh-dorog-v-rossii_2014.html. Date of access: 19.09.2014. (In Russian)
- Zubkov A.F., Matveev V.N., Evseev E.Yu. Razrabotka teplofizicheskoy modeli pri proizvodstve remontnykh rabot pokrytiy nezhestkogo tipa [Development of Thermophysical Model at Repairs of Non-Rigid Type Pavements]. Vestnik tsentral’nogo regional’nogo otdeleniya rossiyskoy akademii arkhitektury i stroitel’nykh nauk [Proceedings of the Central Regional Branch of The Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences]. Tambov — Voronezh, 2012, no. 11, pp. 303—309. (In Russian)
- Zubkov A.F., Odnol’ko V.G. Tekhnologiya stroitel’stva asfal’tobetonnykh pokrytiy avtomobil’nykh dorog [Construction Technology of Asphalt Concrete Pavements of Automobile Roads]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 2009, 223 p. (In Russian)
- Zubkov A.F. Svidetel’stvo o registratsii programmy dlya EVM № 2006613129. Modelirovanie i raschet temperaturnykh rezhimov dorozhnykh odezhd nezhestkogo tipa v nestatsionarnykh usloviyakh [Registration Certificate of the Computer Program no. 2006613129. Simulation and Calculation of Temperature Modes of Road Pavements of Non-Rigid Type in Non0stationary Conditions]. Published 05.09.2006. (In Russian)
- Zubkov A.F., Khrebtova O.A., Matveev V.N., Evseev E.Yu. Svidetel’stvo o gosudarstvennoy registratsii programmy dlya EVM № 2013661215. Raschet temperatury goryachego asfal’tobetona v ogranichennom ob”eme vyemki dorozhnogo pokrytiya [Registration Certificate of the Computer Program no. 2013661215. Calculation of the Temperature of Hot Asphalt Concrete in a Limited Hole Value in a Road Pavement]. Registered in Computer Programs Register 02.12.2013. (In Russian)
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Solov'yanchik Aleksandr Romanovich -
JSC «Scientific Research Institute of Transport Construction» (JSC CNIIS)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chief Research Scientist, JSC «Scientific Research Institute of Transport Construction» (JSC CNIIS), 1, Kol’skaya st., Moscow, 129329, Russian Federation;
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Ginzburg Aleksandr Vladimirovich -
Scientific Production Association «Cosmos» (LLK «NPO «KOSMOS»)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Vice-President for Regional Development, Scientific Production Association «Cosmos» (LLK «NPO «KOSMOS»), 38-25, Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation;
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Pulyaev Ivan Sergeevich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, associate Professor, Department of construction materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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Recently the requirements to the high quality of works for critical groups of buildings are more rigid in Russia. This also concerns the transport structures, which play the key role, such as bridges, tunnels, overpasses and other similar facilities. Particularly high requirements for these structures are: reliability, frost resistance, water resistance, crack resistance and durability. In this article the main principles of providing high consumer properties of these objects are highlighted. Modern achievements in concrete researches are used, which are based on scientific studies performed in JSC CNIIS.The main problem in the process of concrete curing is not only in thermostressed state, which depends on the temperature and on the features of structure formation related to the changes in temperature regime of hardening concrete. The service properties of concrete are also influenced by different kinds of thermal stresses, occurring during concrete hardening: submicrostresses, microstresses and macrostresses. A special role in the theory of concrete hardening is played by the so-called own (or residual) thermal stress, which increases or decreases fracture of constructions. With the help of the accounting for these types of thermal stresses, the author shows how to increase crack resistance of concrete constructions without use of extra means of protection from temperature cracks. Furthermore, the author vividly shows, how to consider the magnitude of the temperature drops properly, which occur in concrete and lead to the formation of residual thermal stresses. The research of thermal stresses helps to reduce the cost of the device for additional thermal insulation of concrete, and to achieve high consumer properties of a construction. Positive results from the performed work were used in the construction of a number of transport tunnels in the city of Moscow, which led to the acceleration of their construction and reduced the cost of providing perfect quality of performed works.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.10.156-165
References
- Luk'yanov V.S., Denisov I.I. Raschet termouprugikh deformatsiy massivnykh betonnykh opor mostov dlya razrabotki mer po povysheniyu ikh treshchinostoykosti [Thermoelastic Deformation Analysis of Concrete Plate Piers for the Methods Development for Increasing their Crack Resistance]. Sbornik trudov TsNIIS [Collected works of the Central Research Institute of Transport Construction]. Moscow, TsNIIS Publ., 1970, no. 36, pp. 4—43.
- Luk'yanov V.S., Solov'yanchik A.R. Fizicheskie osnovy prognozirovaniya sobstvennogo termonapryazhennogo sostoyaniya betonnykh i zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy [Physical Basis of Predicting the Own Termostressed State of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures]. Sbornik trudov TsNIIS [Collected works of the Central Research Institute of Transport Construction]. Moscow, TsNIIS Publ., 1972, no. 75, pp. 36—42.
- Sychev M.M. Tverdenie vyazhushchikh veshchestv [The Hardening of the Binders]. Leningrad, Stroyizdat Publ., 1974, 80 p.
- Sychev M.M. Tverdenie tsementov [Hardening of the Cements]. Leningrad, LTI imeni Lensoveta Publ., 1981, 88 p.
- Schoppel K., Plannerer M. Springenschmid R. Determination of Restraint Stresses of Material Properties during Hydration of Concrete with the Temperature-stress Testing Machine. Proceedings of the International RILEM Symposium. Munich, 1994, no. 25, pp. 153—160.
- Solovyanchik A.R., Krylov B.A., Malinsky E.N. Inherent Thermal Stress Distributions in Concrete Structures and Method for their Control. Thermal Cracking in Concrete at Early Ages. Proceedings of the International RILEM Symposium. Munich, 1994, no. 25, pp. 369—376.
- Thielen G., Hintzen W. Investigation of Concrete Behavior under Restraint with a Temperature-stress Test Machine. Proceedings of the International RILEM Symposium. Munich, 1994, no. 25, pp. 142—152.
- Antonov E.A. Tekhnologicheskaya osobennost' kachestva — real'naya sistema organizatsii stroitel'stva sooruzheniy s garantirovannoy ekspluatatsionnoy nadezhnost'yu [Technological Feature of the Quality — a Real Construction Organizational System with the Guaranteed Servicability]. Sbornik trudov TsNIIS [Collected works of the Central Research Institute of Transport Construction]. Moscow, TsNIIS Publ., 2003, no. 217, pp. 222—226.
- Solov'yanchik A.R., Sychev A.P., Shifrin S.A. Opyt provedeniya rabot po vyyavleniyu i ustraneniyu defektov i treshchin pri stroitel'stve Gagarinskogo i Volokolamskogo tonneley v g. Moskve [An Experience in Localizing and Fixing the Defects and Cracks in the process of Constructing Gagarinskiy and Volokolamskiy Tonnels in Moscow]. Sbornik trudov TsNIIS [Collected works of the Central Research Institute of Transport Construction]. Moscow, TsNIIS Publ., 2002, no. 209, pp. 6—18.
- Shifrin S.A. Uchet neritmichnosti tekhnologicheskikh protsessov pri vybore i obosnovanii rezhimov betonirovaniya raznomassivnykh konstruktsiy transportnykh sooruzheniy [Accounting for the Unsteadiness of Technological Processes in the process of Choosing and Rationalizing Concrete Pouring Regimes of Transport Facilities Constructions]. Sbornik trudov TsNIIS [Collected works of the Central Research Institute of Transport Construction]. Moscow, TsNIIS Publ., 2003, no. 217, pp. 206—216.
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Pashkevich Stanislav Aleksandrovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, head, Laboratory of Climatic Tests, Scientific and Research Institute of Construction Materials and Technologies, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (495) 656-14-66;
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Pustovgar Andrey Petrovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
candidate of technical sciences, assistant professor, Vice Rector for Research, scientific director of the Research Institute of Building Materials and Technologies (SRI SMiT), Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
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Adamtsevich Aleksey Olegovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
candidate of technical sciences, senior research worker of Head of the Department of Scientific Policy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
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Golunov Sergey Anatolevich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE)
Deputy Director, Scientific and Research Institute of New Building
Materials and Technologies (NII «SMiT»), Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
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Shishiyanu Natalya Nikolaevna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE)
master student, Department of Construction of Nuclear Power
Plants, Junior Researcher, Scientific and Research Institute of New Building Materials and Technologies
(NII «SMiT»), Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
The article covers the formation of the pore structure of cement systems that harden at low and negative temperatures. Temperature fluctuations that accompany the hydration of cement systems can produce a substantial impact onto the chemical activity of the water in the course of hydration. These factors can produce an adverse impact on the formation of the structure of the cement stone and impair its performance characteristics. The formation of the structure of cement systems is dependent on the impact of specialized additives, including antifreeze agents that facilitate hydration at low and negative temperatures. The research of their action and the nature of their influence on the formation of the microstructure of the cement stone facilitate the purposeful adjustment of their properties. Therefore, modification of cement systems by specialized antifreeze components is a relevant objective of scientific and practical research.
Research of a classical cement system (a benchmark composition) and a cement system modified by a specialized antifreeze polymer-based additive (a modified composition) was performed to identify the impact of antifreeze additives onto the process of formation of its pore space.
Upon completion of the research project described in the article, the authors have concluded that antifreeze additives facilitate hydration of cement at low and negative temperatures and cause regular formation of the pore structure of the cement stone.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.3.120 - 125
References
- Bazhenov Yu.M. Sposoby opredeleniya sostava betona razlichnykh vidov [Methods of identification of Composition of Various Types of Concrete]. Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1975.
- Usherov-Marshak A.V., Sopov V.P., Zlatkovskiy O.A. Fiziko-khimicheskie osnovy vliyaniya moroza na tverdenie betona [Physical and Chemical Principles Underlying the Influence of Frost onto Concrete Hardening], Naukovo-praktichni problemi suchasnogo zalizo bstona, no. 50, K, NDIBK, 1999, pp. 391—394.
- Rukovodstvo po primeneniyu khimicheskikh dobavok v betone [Guide to the Use of Chemical Additives to the Concrete], NIIZhBGosstroya SSSR, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1980.
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Samsonov Aleksey Ivanovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate
Professor, Assistant Professor, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe
shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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.
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Samsonov Ilya Alekseevich -
Ltd
AluTerra Limited Liability Company
volunteer postgraduate student, Deputy Project Manager, Ltd
AluTerra Limited Liability Company, 10S Presnenskaya Emb., Moscow, 123317, Russian Federation;
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.
The authors argue that the use of pyrometers can be recommended for a limited number of
tasks. The method of spectral brightness conversion proposed by the authors serves as the founding
principle of a universal measuring device that has a low rate of errors. This method is effective
at different wavelengths.
The number of errors is reduced two-fold: first, the number of instrument-related errors is
reduced through increasing the sensitivity of the pyrometer and identifi cation of the finest pyrometry
ratio. Second, the authors suggest using, at least, three effective wavelengths to register the
spectral brightness. Moreover, the authors believe that the reduction of the systematic error of the
measured optical transition temperature designated for the derivation of its genuine values requires
the right choice of an effective wavelength so that the equivalent wavelength of the double spectral
ratio became infinitely big. This methodology makes it possible to derive an independent pyrometry
equation to identify unknown emissivity factors within three wavelengths. Thus, the pyrometric system
does not only take different temperature measurements, but also serves for the simultaneous
determination of monochromatic emissive power in the online mode, which is essential for the purposes
of taking measurements in the course of production of construction materials.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.9.165 - 171
References
- Garrison T.R., edited by D.Ya. Svet. Radiatsionnaya pirometriya [Radiation Pyrometry]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1964, 248 p.
- Sergeyev S.S. Novyy metod izmereniya rasplavov metallov [New Method of Metal Melt Measuring]. Nauka i tekhnologii v promyshlennosti [Science and Technologies in the Industry]. 2003, no. 1, pp. 32—35.
- Latyev L.N., Petrov V.A., Chekhovskoy V.Ya., Shestakov E.N., edited by A.E. Sheyndlin. Izluchatel’nye svoystva tverdykh materialov [Emitting Properties of Solid Materials]. Moscow, Energiya Publ., 1974, 472 p.
- Svet D.Ya. Opticheskie metody izmereniya istinnykh temperatur [Optical Methods of Measuring True Temperatures]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1982, 298 p.
- Poskachey A.A., Chubarov E.P. Optiko-elektronnye sistemy izmereniya temperatury [Optoelectronic Systems of Temperature Measurement]. Moscow, Energoatomizdat Publ., 1988, 248 p.
- Samsonov A.I. Universal’naya pirometricheskaya sistema [Universal Pyrometric System]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 4, pp. 329—333.
- Zhagullo O.M., edited by A.N. Gordov. Osnovnye terminy v oblasti temperaturnykh izmereniy [Basic Temperature Measurement Terms]. Moscow, Izdatel’svo standartov publ., 1992, 196 p.
- Samsonov A.I., Samsonov I.A. Povyshenie tochnosti pirometrii izlucheniya pri proizvodstve oblitsovochnykh stroitel’nykh materialov [Improving the Accuracy of Emission Pyrometry in the Manufacturing of Facing Construction Materials]. Internet-vestnik VolgGASU [Internet Bulletin of VolgGASU]. Multidisciplinary Series. 2011, no. 4 (19).
- Samsonov A.I. Universal’naya izmeritel’naya lineyka [Universal Measuring Scale]. MLTI Scientific papers, 1978, vol. 278, pp. 112—115.
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Aniskin Nikolay A. -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Hydraulics and hydraulic engineering, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
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Nguyen Trong Chuc -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
postgraduate student, Department of Hydraulics and hydraulic engineering, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
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Bryansky Ilya A. -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
postgraduate student, Department of Hydraulics and hydraulic engineering, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
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Dam Huu Hung -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Master of the Department of Soil mechanics and geotechnics, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
Introduction. Energy and hydraulic concrete structures, bridge structures, foundations of buildings are built with concrete blocks. Concreting of such massive structures is accompanied by the phenomenon of exothermic heating of the structure caused by the process of cement hydration. The heat released in such massive blocks under natural conditions is very slowly removed from the structure. Quite often, between the central part of the massif and its surface, there is a significant temperature drop. In the case of reaching a critical value of the temperature difference, temperature cracks occur that violate the solidity of the structure. For a preliminary assessment of the possibility of cracking and the development of measures to eliminate it, it is necessary to solve the temperature problem and the problem of determining the thermal stress state. This problem has long been in the center of attention of specialists and a large number of studies are devoted to it. Developed and used a large number of methods for solving these problems. However, in view of the great complexity of the task to be solved, caused by a multitude of operating factors and conditions, the complexity of the structures and the increased requirements for the safety of structures, the task of determining the temperature regime and the thermally stressed state of the erected concrete massif is still very relevant today. This paper presents some results of investigations in this direction, performed on the basis of the finite element method. An erected concrete block is considered, for which a non-stationary temperature problem is solved successively and the resulting temperature stresses are determined. The variants of block laying at different external temperature influences are considered. Materials and methods. The study was performed on the basis of the finite element method (FEM) using the Ansys software. Results. For the considered array concrete obtained temperature distribution and thermal stresses over time from the moment of packing to obtain a sufficient structural strength (about 30 days). On the basis of criteria assesses the possible occurrence of thermal cracks. Conclusions. Based on the numerical solution of the problems of determining the temperature regime and the thermally stressed state of the concrete block using the Ansys software complex, a detailed picture of the spatial no stationary state of the structural element, the concrete block, as part of a massive structure, has been obtained.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.11.1407-1418
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Gustov Yuriy Ivanovich -
Moscow State University of
Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department
of Mechanical Equipment, Elements of Machines and Technology of Metals
8 (499) 183-94-95, Moscow State University of
Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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.
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Lyubushkin Kirill Aleksandrovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
(MGSU)
postgraduate student, Department of Mechanical Equipment,
Elements of Machines and Technology of Metals
8 (499) 183-
94-95, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
(MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
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Orekhov Aleksey Aleksandrovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
(MGSU)
postgraduate student, Department of Mechanical Equipment,
Elements of Machines and Technology of Metals
8 (499) 183-
94-95, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering
(MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
The article covers the concepts, definitions and correlations of parameters of worn surfaces
within the coordinate system of relative pressures and convergences of interacting elements of
construction machines.
The authors provide their findings based on the research of microtopographic and tribological
engineering parameters of scoop hinges of construction drags and fused crushing plates of jaw
crushers. As for the drag hinges, the friction pair is to include steel 110Г1ZL and X-5 padding that
demonstrates high resistance to friction (=1.04) and low temperature of frictional heating (= 90
°C). Mobile plates of jaw crushers need electrodes VSN-9 and TsN-16 for padding purposes, as they
demonstrate the biggest frictional fatigue values (= 2.76 and 2.62, respectively) and insignificant
temperature of heating of friction surfaces (9.4 and 4.9 °C). Electrodes TsN-16, T-590 and KBKh-45
are recommended for fixed plates.
Microtopographic parameters of worn friction surfaces are used to analyze the main tribological
engineering parameters of operating elements and joints of construction machines and items of
equipment.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.9.179 - 184
References
- Gustov Yu.I. Povyshenie iznosostoykosti rabochikh organov i sopryazheniy stroitel’nykh mashin [Improvement of Wearability of Operating Elements and Joints of Construction Machines]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 1994, 529 p.
- Korobko V. I. Zolotoe sechenie i problemy garmonii sistem [The Golden Section and Problems of Harmony of Systems]. CIS ASV Publ., Moscow, 1998, 373 p.
- Chihos H. Sistemnyy analiz v tribonike [The System Analysis in Tribology]. Moscow, MIR Publ., 1982, 351 p.
- Gustov Yu.I. Tribotekhnika stroitel’nykh mashin i oborudovaniya [Tribological Engineering of Construction Machines and Equipment]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2011, 192 p.
- Hebda M., Wachal A.. Trybologja. Wydawnictwa naukowo-techniczne. Warszawa, 1980, 611 p.
- Petrescu Florin Nicolae. Trjbologie. Institutul de Constructii Bucuresti. 1986, 275 p.
- Gustov Yu.I., Gustov D.Yu., Voronina I.V. Metodologiya opredeleniya tribotekhnicheskikh pokazateley metallicheskikh materialov [Methodology of Identification of Tribological Parameters of Metal Materials]. Collected works of the 16th Slovak-Russian-Polish Seminar “Theoretical Basics of Construction”. Zilina, Slovak Republic, 2007, pp. 339—342.
- Babichev A.P., Babushkina N.A., Bratkovskiy A.M. Fizicheskie velichiny: spravochnik [Physical Values: Reference Book]. Moscow, Energoatomizdat Publ., 1991, 1232 p.
- Gustov Yu.I., Voronina I.V. Modernizatsiya i remont samokhodnykh mashin [Modernization and Repair of Self-propelled Machines]. Materials of International Scientific and Technical Conference «Interstroymekh-2007». Samara, SGASU Publ., 2007, pp. 238—242.
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Musorina Tatyana A. -
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU)
postgraduate student, Hydraulics and Strength Department, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), 29 Politechnicheskaya s., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation.
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Gamayunova Ol’ga S. -
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU)
Senior lecturer, Department of Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), 29 Politechnicheskaya s., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation.
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Petrichenko Mikhail R. -
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Hydraulics and Strength Department, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), 29 Politechnicheskaya s., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation.
Subject of research: the main heat loss occurs through the building fence. In the paper, the object of research is enclosing structures with different thermal conductivity. The problem of moisture accumulation in the wall is quite relevant. One of the main problems in construction is saving on building materials and improper design of building envelope. This in turn leads to a violation of the heat and humidity regime in the wall. This paper presents one of the methods to address this issue. Purpose: description of heat and humidity conditions in the wall fence of high-rise buildings. It is also necessary to analyze the relationship between the thermophysical characteristics. Materials and methods: the temperature distribution in the layers will be analyzed on the basis of the structure consisting of 10 layers; the layer thickness is 0.05 m. Materials with different thermal conductivity were used. Each subsequent layer differed in thermal conductivity from the previous one by 0.01. Next, these layers are mixed. The calculation of the humidity regime includes finding the temperature distribution along the thickness of the fence at a given temperature of the outside air. The quality factor of the temperature distribution is the maximum average temperature. This research are conducted in the field of energy efficiency. Results: the higher the average wall temperature, the lower the air temperature differs from the wall temperature. In addition, the higher the average temperature of the wall, the drier the surface inside the wall. However, moisture accumulates on the surface inside the room. The working capacity of multilayer enclosing structures is determined by the temperature distribution and distribution of moisture in the layers. Conclusions: moisture movement through the fence is due to the difference in the partial pressure of water vapor contained in the indoor and outdoor air. A layer with minimal thermal conductivity should be located on the outer surface of the wall in a multi-storey building. The maximum change in the amplitude of temperature fluctuations is observed in the layer adjacent to the surface by periodic thermal effects. It is also taken into account that the process of heat absorption has a great influence on the temperature change in the thickness of the wall fence to the greatest extent within the layer of sharp fluctuations (outer layer). The Central part of the wall (bearing layer) will be the driest. These calculations are satisfied with the design of the ventilated facade.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.8.935-943
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Martynov Gleb V. -
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU)
undergraduate student, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), 29 Polytechnicheskaya st., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation.
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Monastyreva Daria E. -
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU)
undergraduate student, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), 29 Polytechnicheskaya st., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation.
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Morina Elena A. -
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU)
undergraduate student, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), 29 Polytechnicheskaya st., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation.
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Makarov Aleksey I. -
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU)
undergraduate student, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), 29 Polytechnicheskaya st., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation.
Introduction. Were investigated samples of fiberglass with the aim of its effective use in construction in the long term. Fiberglass is considered one of the most versatile and durable materials among polymer composite materials, however, and it is subject to destruction. It is known that one of the main reasons for reducing the specified characteristics and material properties is operational. At the design stage, it is necessary to determine the most reliable and economical materials used and, accordingly, be sufficiently aware of their strength and durability. Thus, in order to avoid the destruction of the material, as well as significantly enhance and prolong its service life, it is necessary to be aware of how exactly the properties of the material change over time. Regarding reinforced concrete, wood, brick and steel fiberglass is used in construction recently. This means that while the service life of the list of the most common materials in construction is known to a sufficient extent, manufacturers do not dare to use fiberglass as a material for critical structures. This occurs because changes in its characteristics, depending on operational factors, are not sufficiently studied for intervals exceeding 4-5 years of operation. Materials and methods. During the work, samples of fiberglass SPPS with a longitudinal and transverse arrangement of fiberglass were tested for climatic aging in a climatic chamber for 5 cycles simulating 5 years of material operation. All samples were subjected to tensile testing on a tensile testing machine R-5. Results. Destructive stresses were determined, calculations were carried out and elastic and strength characteristics of the samples were analyzed. On the basis of the obtained results, an analysis was carried out, conclusions were formulated about the use of fiberglass in the construction in the long term, as well as the influence of such operational factors as moisture, positive and negative temperatures, and ultraviolet radiation on the properties of fiberglass with a different arrangement of fiberglass. Conclusions. Found that the destructive stresses of fiberglass are significantly reduced during the first two years of operation, which must be considered when choosing fiberglass with the stated characteristics. Ultraviolet does not have a significant effect on the elastic-strength properties of the material, while during operat
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.12.1509-1523