"Вестник МГСУ"

In connection with increasing demand for providing quality medical services, the technologies and systems for safe work of personnel began actively developing in the world. Unfortunately, at the present day, physicians have to deal with the microorganisms of different danger level, therefore, for the purpose of safety of personnel and patients, the detailed analysis of air environment is needed as there can be a risk of introduction of infection for people. Currently, incidence rate conditioned by microbiological contamination of air environment of rooms remains at a high level. Prevention of disease dissemination is a basic task of the process of air discontamination. Air contamination provides the decrease of incidence of contagious diseases and complements the obligatory compliance with existing sanitary norms and rules for space planning, furnishing and maintenance, primarily medical and preventive ones. One of the ways of contagious diseases dissemination is aerogenous (respiratory), related to the main method of transmission of respiratory diseases, such as influenza virus infection, tuberculosis. It is related to the fact that airborne bacterial aerosol is constantly suspended in the air volume of rooms due to air motion (convections), that increases contamination rate.

The Nenets Autonomous area located inside the Arctic circle is the subject of the Russian Federation. The environmental situation in the Nenets Autonomous area is poor despite the remoteness from other densely populated regions of Russia. A large number of ecosystems are exposed to powerful anthropogenic impact. For example, petroleum products and waste water exert negative impact on rivers and basins thereof. Water bodies in the region have some natural features which also adversely affect on water intake for industrial and domestic needs. The article considers and analyzes different types of pollution for natural resources of the Nenets Autonomous area which cause a great environmental damage to the region. Method of ranking for parts of the water body is proposed which makes it possible to reveal among them the most problematic from the environmental point of view. Options for improving the preliminary treatment of water at the water intakes are proposed that significantly simplify the operation of water treatment facilities. Сonstruction of new sewage treatment facilities using the latest developments in terms of tertiary treatment of wastewater, upgrade of standards for wastewater treatment, as well as the organization of sanitary protection zones will be a significant step in improving the environmental situation.

The increasing speed of urbanization and population growth lead to the increasing anthropogenic load on water bodies. The urbanization processes in Russia are more intensive than in other countries. The dense population and great industrial potential lead to the fact that the urbanized territories become the main sources of water pollution. That’s why the environmental control of the state of water objects is needed. In the article the authors study the problem of anthropogenic load impact on river hydraulics processes and on the properties of river sediments that determine river channels evolution and general ecological state of water bodies. The interrelation between ecological state of water bodies, the quality of water in it and the level of contamination with sediments was determined. It is established that the conditions of long-term aquatic life as a whole and of water quality in particular depend on the contamination level with sediments. The author proposes a method of estimation of anthropogenic load on rivers. The paper analyses the calculation results of the value of anthropogenic load on different rivers of Russia.