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DESIGNING AND DETAILING OF BUILDING SYSTEMS. MECHANICS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Main formulations of the finite element method for the problems of structural mechanics. Part 3

Vestnik MGSU 1/2015
  • Ignat’ev Aleksandr Vladimirovich - Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (VSUACE) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Structural Mechanics, Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (VSUACE), 1 Akademicheskaya str., Volgograd, 400074, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 16-26

In this paper the author offers is the classification of the formulae of Finite Element Method. This classification help to orient in a huge number of published articles, as well as those to be published, which are dedicated to the problem of enhancing the efficiency of the most commonly used method. The third part of the article considers the variation formulations of FEM and the energy principles lying in the basis of it. If compared to the direct method, which is applied only to finite elements of a simple geometrical type, the variation formulations of FEM are applicable to the elements of any type. All the variation methods can be conventionally divided into two groups. The methods of the first group are based on the principle of energy functional stationarity - a potential system energy, additional energy or on the basis of these energies, which means the full energy. The methods of the second group are based on the variants of mathematical methods of weighted residuals for solving the differential equations, which in some cases can be handled according to the principle of possible displacements or extreme energy principles. The most widely used and multipurpose is the approach based on the use of energy principles coming from the energy conservation law: principle of possible changes in stress state, principle of possible change in stress-strain state.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.1.16-26

References
  1. Ignat’ev A.V. Osnovnye formulirovki metoda konechnykh elementov v zadachakh stroitel’noy mekhaniki. Chast’ 1 [Essential FEM Statements Applied to Structural Mechanics Problems. Part 1]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2014, no. 11, pp. 37—57. (In Russian)
  2. Ignat’ev A.V. Osnovnye formulirovki metoda konechnykh elementov v zadachakh stroitel’noy mekhaniki. Chast’ 2 [Main Formulations of the Finite Element Method for the Problems of Structural Mechanics. Part 2]. 2014, no. 12, pp. 40—59. (In Russian)
  3. Pratusevich Ya.A. Variatsionnye metody v stroitel’noy mekhanike [Variation Methods in Construction Mechanics]. Moscow-Leningrad, Stroyizdat Publ., 1948, 196 p. (in Russian)
  4. Ignat’ev V.A., Ignat’ev A.V., Zhidelev A.V. Smeshannaya forma metoda konechnykh elementov v zadachakh stroitel’noy mekhaniki [Mixed Form of Finite Element Method in Problems of Structural Mechanics]. Volgograd, VolgGASU Publ., 2006, 172 p. (In Russian)
  5. Sekulovich M. Metod konechnykh elementov [Finite Element Method]. Translation from Serbian. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1993, 664 p. (In Russian)
  6. Shul’kin Yu.B. Teoriya uprugikh sterzhnevykh konstruktsiy [Theory of Elastic Bar Systems]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1984, 272 p. (In Russian)
  7. Fraeijs de Veubeke B., Sander G. An Equilibrium Model for Plate Bending. International J. Solids and Structures. 1968, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 447—468. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(68)90049-8.
  8. Herrmann L. A Bending Analysis for Plates. Proc. Conf. Matrix. Meth. Str. Mech. Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio, AFFDL-TR-66-88, 1965, pp. 577—604.
  9. Herrmann L. Finite Element Bending Analysis for Plates. ASCE 93. No. EM5, 1967, pp. 49—83.
  10. Nedelec J.C. Mixed Finite Elements in R3. Numerische Mathematik. September 1980, 35 (3), pp. 315—341.
  11. Belkin A.E., Gavryushkin S.S. Raschety plastin metodom konechnykh elementov [Calculation of Plates by Finite Element Method]. Moscow, MGTU named after N.E. Baumana Publ., 2008, 232 p. (In Russian)
  12. Vasidzu K. Variatsionnye metody v teorii uprugosti i plastichnosti [Variation Methods in Plasticity Theory]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1987, 542 p. (In Russian)
  13. Visser V. Uluchshennyy variant diskretnogo elementa smeshannogo tipa plastiny pri izgibe [Improved Variant of the Discreet Element of Mixed Type of a Plate at Bending]. Raketnaya tekhnika i kosmonavtika [Rocket Enineering and Space Technologies]. 1969, no. 9, pp. 172—174. (In Russian)
  14. Ayad R., Dhatt G., Batoz J.L. A New Hybrid-mixed Variational Approach for Reissner-Mindlin plates. The MiSP model. International J. for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 1998, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 1149—1179. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(19980815)42:73.0.CO;2-2.
  15. Herrmann L.R. Elasticity Equations for Incompressible and Nearly Incompressible Materials by a Variational Theorem. AIAA J. 1965, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 1896—1900. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.3277.

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AERODYNAMICS OF SWIRLING FLOWS IN GAS OUTLET PIPES OF HEAT GENERATING PLANTS

Vestnik MGSU 2/2012
  • Vadim Kajumovich Ahmetov - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 41 - 46

The intermixing of hot turbulent gases in an axisymmetric channel with lateral surfaces of arbitrary shape and a pre-swirled flow is considered in the paper. This problem is relevant in connection with the development of new high-tech designs of natural fuel combustion facilities. Any designs are to comply with specific requirements. The temperature of the flue gas must not fall below a certain limit to prevent promotion of condensation that facilitates pipe corrosion. The gas outlet velocity must exceed 4 m/s to prevent the downdraft. The concentration of pollutants released into the atmosphere must fall within permissible limits. The mathematical model is based on parabolized Navier-Stokes equations that restrict its applicability to continuous flows. However, in view of the mechanical nature of the problem considered, continuous flows are of particular interest. The method of equal flow-rate surfaces is used as a numerical solution. The system of equations is based on streamlines. The net of lines is not available beforehand; therefore, it is constructed alongside with the problem solution. The system of equations is completed by an algebraic turbulence model. The proposed method makes it possible to check for the optimal flow regimes inside high-rise stack structures to assure that pollutant-containing smokes and gases, emitted into the atmosphere, produce the minimal damage onto the environment.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.2.41 - 46

References
  1. Ahmetov V.K., Shkadov V.Ja. Chislennoe modelirovanie vjazkih vihrevyh techenij dlja tehnicheskih prilozhenij [Numerical Modelling of Viscous Vortcity Flows for Technological Applications], a monograph, Moscow, ASV, 2009,176 p.
  2. Tan B.T., Liow K.S., Mununga L., Thompson M.C., Hourigan K. Simulation of the Control of Vortex Breakdown in a Closed Cylinder Using a Small Rotating Disk, Physics of Fluids, 2009, Issue # 21, pp. 024104-8.
  3. Sreenivasan B., Davidson P.A. On the Formation of Cyclones and Anticyclones in a Rotating Fluid, Phys. Fluids, 2008, Issue # 20, 085104-11.
  4. Samarskij A.A., Nikolaev E.S. Metody reshenija setochnyh uravnenij [Methods of Solving Finite-Difference Equations], Moscow, Nauka, 1978, 592 p.
  5. Leonard B.P. A Stable and Accurate Convective Modeling Procedure Based on Quadratic Upstream Interpolation, Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech and Eng, 1979, Issue # 1, pp. 59—98.
  6. Lopez J.M. Rotating and Modulated Rotating Waves in Transitions of an Enclosed Swirling Flow, Journal of Fluid Mechanics,2006, Issue # 553, pp. 323—346.
  7. Gelfgat A. Yu., Bar-Yoseph P.Z. Multiple Solutions and Stability of Confined Convective and Swirling Flows – a Continuing Challenge, International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, 2004, Issue # 14, pp. 213-241.
  8. Sponh A., Mory M., Hopfinger E.J. Experiments on Vortex Breakdown in a Confined Flow Generated by a Rotating Disc, J. Fluid Mech, 1998, Issue # 370, pp. 73—99.

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AERODYNAMICS OF SWIRLING FLOWS IN GAS OUTLET PIPES OF HEAT GENERATING PLANTS

Vestnik MGSU 3/2012
  • Akhmetov Vadim Kayumovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Informatics and Applied Mathematics 8 (499) 183-59-94, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 30 - 34

The intermixing of hot turbulent gases in an axisymmetric channel with lateral surfaces of arbitrary shape and a pre-swirled flow is considered in the paper. This problem is relevant in connection with the development of new high-tech designs of natural fuel combustion facilities. Any designs are to comply with specific requirements. The temperature of the flue gas must not fall below a certain limit to prevent promotion of condensation that facilitates pipe corrosion. The gas outlet velocity must exceed 4 m/s to prevent the downdraft. The concentration of pollutants released into the atmosphere must fall within permissible limits. The mathematical model is based on parabolized Navier-Stokes equations that restrict its applicability to continuous flows. However, in view of the mechanical nature of the problem considered, continuous flows are of particular interest. The method of equal flow-rate surfaces is used as a numerical solution. The system of equations is based on streamlines. The net of lines is not available beforehand; therefore, it is constructed alongside with the problem solution. The system of equations is completed by an algebraic turbulence model. The proposed method makes it possible to check for the optimal flow regimes inside high-rise stack structures to assure that pollutant-containing smokes and gases, emitted into the atmosphere, produce minimal damage onto the environment.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.3.30 - 34

References
  1. Volkov E.P., Gavrilov E.I., Duzhikh F.P. Gazootvodyashchie truby TES i AES [Gas-Flue Pipes of Thermal and Nuclear Power Plants]. Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 1987, 278 p.
  2. Farouk T., Farouk B., Gutsol A. Simulation of Gas Species and Temperature Separation in the Counter Flow Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube Using the Large Simulation Technique. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, V. 52, no. 13—14, pp. 3320—3333.
  3. Huang Y., Yang V. Dynamics and Stability of Lean-premixed Swirl Stabilized Combustion. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2009, Volume 35, no. 4, pp. 293—364.
  4. Shkadov V.Ya. Nekotorye metody i zadachi teorii gidrodinamicheskoy ustoychivosti [Some Methods and Problems of Hydrodynamic Stability]. Moscow, In-t mekhaniki MGU [Institute of Mechanics of Moscow State University], Academic Works, no. 25, 1973,160 p.
  5. Akhmetov V.K., Shkadov V.Ya. Chislennoe issledovanie retsirkulyatsionnykh zon v vikhrevoy kamere [Numerical Research of Recirculation Zones of the Vortex Chamber]. Aeromekhanika i gazovaya dinamika [Air Mechanics and Dynamics of Gases]. 2003, no. 3, pp. 39—45.

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Strength and stability analysis of load-bearing structures of a high-rise building with account for actual positions of reinforced concrete structural members

Vestnik MGSU 4/2015
  • Belostotskiy Aleksandr Mikhaylovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), ; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Akimov Pavel Alekseevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, chair, Department of Computer Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, chief research worker, Research and Educational Center of Computational Simulation of Unique Buildings, Structures and Complexes, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 183-59-94, +7 (499) 929-50-17; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Petryashev Nikolay Olegovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) engineer, Research and Educational Center of Computational Simulation of Unique Buildings, Structures and Complexes, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 183-59-94, +7 (499) 929-50-17; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Petryashev Sergey Olegovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) engineer, Research and Educational Center of Computational Simulation of Unique Buildings, Structures and Complexes, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 183-59-94, +7 (499) 929-50-17; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Negrozov Oleg Aleksandrovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate student, Department of Computer Sciences and Applied Mathematics, engineer, Research and Educational Center of Computational Simulation of Unique Buildings, Structures and Complexes, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 183-59-94, +7 (499) 929-50-17; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 50-68

The given paper is devoted to strength and stability analysis of load-bearing structures of a high-rise (54-storey) building with allowance for actual positions of reinforced concrete structural members (columns and walls). Finite element method (FEM) is used for structural analysis. The authors present formulations of problems, governing equations, information about basic three-dimensional finite element models (so-called “design” (ideal) model, the first “actual” model (taking into account the deviations of positions of columns from the project) and the second “actual” model (taking into account the deviations of positions of walls from the project)) of the coupled system “high-rise building - foundation” within ANSYS Mechanical software and their verification, numerical approach to structural analysis and corresponding solvers. Finite element models include mainly 4-node structural shell elements (suitable for analyzing foundation slabs, floor slabs and load-bearing walls) and three-dimensional 2-node beam elements (suitable for analyzing beams and columns), special spring-damper elements and multipoint constraint elements. Detailed finite element mesh on the bottom foundation slab is agreed with the location of piles. The advanced model of Prof. Yu.K. Zaretsky is used for approximation of soil behavior. Construction sequence and various types of nonlinearities are taken into account. The results of modal analysis, static and dynamic analysis with various load combinations (gravity load, facade load, dead (constant) loads, temporary loads, wind load, snow load, crown load etc.) are considered, the results of the regulatory assessment of the strength of structures (obtained with the use of corresponding software in accordance with design codes of the Russian Federation) are under consideration as well. The corresponding displacements, stresses, natural vibration frequencies can be used for research and development of the correct monitoring method of the foundation and load-bearing structures of a high-rise building.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.4.50-68

References
  1. Belostotskiy A.M. Matematicheskie modeli v osnove i sostave sistem monitoringa nesushchikh konstruktsiy vysotnykh zdaniy. Ot profanatsii k realizatsii [Mathematical Models within Monitoring Systems of High-Rise Buildings. From Profanation to Realization]. Vysotnye zdaniya [High-Rise Buildings]. 2014, no. 4, pp. 102—107. (In Russian)
  2. Belostotskiy A.M. Opyt raschetnogo obosnovaniya sostoyaniya unikal'nykh (vysotnykh i bol'sheproletnykh) zdaniy i sooruzheniy [Experience of Numerical Analysis of Unique (High-Rise and Long Span) Buildings and Structures]. Vysotnye zdaniya [High-Rise Buildings]. 2014, no. 2, pp. 106—109. (In Russian)
  3. Belostotskiy A.M. Sovremennaya metodologiya chislennogo modelirovaniya nagruzok i vozdeystviy, napryazhenno-deformirovannogo sostoyaniya i ustoychivosti vysotnykh zdaniy i kompleksov [Contemporary Approach to Numerical Simulation of Loads and Actions, Stress-Strain State and Stability of High-Rise Buildings and Complexes]. Vysotnye zdaniya [High-Rise Buildings]. 2014, no. 1, pp. 94—97. (In Russian)
  4. Belostotskiy A.M. Chislennoe modelirovanie staticheskogo i dinamicheskogo napryazhenno-deformirovannogo sostoyaniya prostranstvennykh sistem «sooruzhenie — osnovanie — vodokhranilishche» s uchetom nelineynykh effektov otkrytiya — zakrytiya shvov i makrotreshchin : dissertatsiya doktora tekhnicheskikh nauk [Numerical Modeling of Static and Dynamic Stress-Strain State of Three-Dimensional Systems “Construction — Foundation — Reservoir” with an Allowance for Nonlinear Effects of Open/Close Joints and Macrofractures. Doctor of Technical Sciences Thesis]. Moscow, MGUP Publ., 1998, 367 p. (In Russian)
  5. Belostotskiy A.M., Akimov P.A., Pavlov A.S., Kaytukov T.B., Afanas'eva I.N. O razrabotke, issledovanii i verifikatsii korrektnykh chislennykh metodov resheniya nelineynykh zadach deformirovaniya, ustoychivosti i zakriticheskogo povedeniya tonko-stennykh obolochechno-sterzhnevykh konstruktsiy [On the Development, Research and Verification of Correct Numerical Methods of Nonlinear Strength, Stability and Post-Critical Analysis of Thin-Walled Shell-Beam Structures]. Stroitel'naya mekhanika i raschet sooruzheniy [Structural Mechanics and Calculation of Structures]. 2014, no. 5 (256), pp. 7—13. (In Russian)
  6. Belostotskiy A.M., Sidorov V.N., Akimov P.A., Kashevarova G.G. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie tekhnogennoy bezopasnosti otvetstvennykh stroitel'nykh ob
  7. Belostotskiy A.M., Pen'kovoy S.B., Shcherbina S.V., Kaytukov T.B., Akimov P.A. Razrabotka i verifikatsiya metodiki chislennogo modelirovaniya NDS, prochnosti i ustoychivosti mnogoetazhnykh panel'nykh zdaniy [Development and Verification of Numerical Approach to Modeling of Stress-Strain State, Strength and Stability of Multistory Panel Buildings]. Stroitel'naya mekhanika i raschet sooruzheniy [Structural Mechanics and Calculation of Structures]. 2014, no. 6 (257), pp. 24—30. (In Russian)
  8. Senin N.I., Akimov P.A. Nekotorye matematicheskie osnovy rascheta prostranstvennykh nesushchikh sistem mnogoetazhnykh zdaniy v lineynoy postanovke v ramkakh diskretno-kontinual'noy modeli [Several Mathematical Foundations of Linear Analysis of Three-Dimensional Load-Bearing Systems of Multistory Buildings within Discrete-Continual Model]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 2, vol. 1, pp. 44—50. (In Russian)
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  13. Jeon H.M., Lee Y., Lee P.S., Bathe K.J. The MITC3+ Shell Element in Geometric Nonlinear Analysis. Computers & Structures. 2015, vol. 146, pp. 91—104. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2014.09.004.
  14. Kim J., Bathe K.J. Towards a Procedure to Automatically Improve Finite Element Solutions by Interpolation Covers. Computers & Structures. 2014, vol. 131, pp. 81—97. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2013.09.007.
  15. Sussman T., Bathe K.J. 3D-shell Elements for Structures in Large Strains. Computers & Structures. 2013, vol. 122, pp. 2—12. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2012.12.018.
  16. Afanas'eva I.N. Adaptivnaya metodika chislennogo modelirovaniya trekhmernykh dinamicheskikh zadach stroitel'noy aerogidrouprugosti : dissertatsiya kandidata tekhnicheskikh nauk [Adaptive Procedure of Numerical Modeling of Three-Dimensional Dynamic Problems of Construction Aerohydroelasticity. Candidate of Technical Sciences Thesis]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2014, 200 p. (In Russian)
  17. Kalichava D.K. Adaptivnye dinamicheskie konechnoelementnye modeli v osnove monitoringa nesushchikh konstruktsiy vysotnykh zdaniy : dissertatsiya kandidata tekhnicheskikh nauk [Adaptive Dynamic Finite Element Models as a Base for Monitoring of Load-Bearing Structures of High-rise Buildings. Candidate of Technical Sciences Thesis]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2012, 149 p. (In Russian)
  18. Kabantsev O.V., Tamrazyan A.G. Uchet izmeneniy raschetnoy skhemy pri analize raboty konstruktsiy [Structural Analysis with Allowance for Modification of Computational Scheme]. Inzhenerno-stroitel'nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering]. 2014, no. 5 (49), pp. 15—26. (In Russian)
  19. Kabantsev O.V. Verifikatsiya raschetnoy tekhnologii «Montazh» programmnogo kompleksa «SCAD» [Verification of Calculation Technology “Mounting” from Software Complex “SCAD”]. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2011, vol. 7, issue 3, pp. 103—109. (In Russian)
  20. Kabantsev O.V. Metod rascheta mnogoetazhnykh zdaniy s uchetom protsessa izmeneniya raschetnoy skhemy pri razlichnykh rezhimakh raboty raboty [Analysis Methods of Multi-storeyed Buildings with the Allowance for Modification of Structural Design under Various Operation Conditions]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 10, pp. 43—51. (In Russian)
  21. Kabantsev O.V., Karlin A.V. Raschet nesushchikh konstruktsiy zdaniy s uchetom istorii vozvedeniya i poetapnogo izmeneniya osnovnykh parametrov raschetnoy modeli [Analysis of Load-Bearing Structures with Allowance for Construction Sequence and Step-by-Step Modification of Basic Parameters of Computing Model]. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo [Industrial and Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 7, pp. 33—35. (In Russian)
  22. Kabantsev O., Perelmuter A. Modeling Transition in Design Model when Analyzing Specific Behaviors of Structures. Procedia Engineering. 2013, vol. 57, pp. 479—488.
  23. 2 3. Kim H.S., Shin A.K. Column Shortening Analysis with Lumped Construction Sequences. Procedia Engineering. 2011, vol. 14, pp. 1791—1798.
  24. Aul A.A., Belostotskiy A.M., Krakovskiy M.B. Raschet zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy pri sovmestnom ispol'zovanii programm ANSYS i «OM SNiP Zhelezobeton» [Analysis of Reinforced Structures with the Use of ANSYS Software and “OM Snip Zhelezobeton” Package]. Beton i zhelezobeton [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete]. 2011, no. 5, pp. 19—23. (In Russian)
  25. Belokopytova I.A., Kriksunov E.Z., Mikitarenko M.A., Perel'muter M.A. «Arbat» — programma dlya rascheta zhelezobetonnykh stroitel'nykh konstruktsiy [“ARBAT” — Software for Reinforced Building Structures Analysis]. CADmaster. 2001, no. 4 (9), pp. 57—61. (In Russian)
  26. Kukushkin I.S. SCAD Office V.21. Novyy oblik [SCAD Office V.21. New Profile]. CADmaster. 2014, no. 3—4 (76—77), pp. 100—102. (In Russian)
  27. Perel'muter M.A., Chertkov V.V. O komp'yuternom raschete elementov betonnykh i zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy [On Computational Analysis of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures]. Beton i zhelezobeton [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete]. 2014, no. 3, pp. 14—16. (In Russian)
  28. Perel'muter M.A., Popok K.V., Skoruk L.N. Raschet shiriny raskrytiya normal'nykh treshchin po SP 63.13330.2012 [Calculation of the Normal Crack Opening Width for SP 63.13330.2012]. Beton i zhelezobeton [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete]. 2014, no. 1, pp. 21—22. (In Russian)

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Calculation of dynamic load impact on reinforced concrete arches in the ground

Vestnik MGSU 1/2016
  • Barbashev Nikita Petrovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Senior Lecturer, Department of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Structures, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow,129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 35-43

Concrete arches are widely used in the construction of underground facilities. The analysis of their work under dynamic loads (blasting, shock, seismic) will improve the efficiency of design and application. The article addresses the problems of calculation of reinforced concrete arches in the ground in terms of the action of dynamic load - compression wave. The calculation is made basing on the decision of a closed system of equations that allows performing the calculation of elastic-plastic curved concrete structures under dynamic loads. Keeping in mind the properties of elastic-plastic reinforcement and concrete in the process of design variations, σ-ε diagrams are variable. The calculation is performed by the direct solution of differential equations in partial derivatives. The result is based on a system of ordinary differential equations of the second order (expressing the transverse and longitudinal oscillations of the structure) and the system of algebraic equations (continuity condition of deformation). The computer program calculated three-hinged reinforced concrete arches. The structural calculations were produced by selection of the load based on the criteria of reaching the first limit state: ultimate strain of compressed concrete; ultimate strain tensile reinforcement; the ultimate deformation of the structure. The authors defined all the characteristics of the stress-strain state of the structure. The presented graphs show the change of bending moment and shear force in time for the most loaded section of the arch, the dependence of stresses and strains in concrete and reinforcement, stress changes in time for the cross-sectional height. The peculiarity of the problem is that the action of the load provokes the related dynamic forces - bending moment and longitudinal force. The calculations allowed estimating the carrying capacity of the structure using the criteria of settlement limit states. The decisive criterion was the compressive strength of concrete.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2016.1.35-43

References
  1. Rastorguev B.S., Vanus D.S. Otsenka bezopasnosti zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy pri chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh tekhnogennogo kharaktera [Safety Estimation of Reinforced Concrete Structures in Case of Emergencies]. Stroitel’stvo i rekonstruktsiya [Construction and Reconstruction]. 2014, no. 6 (56), pp. 83—89. (In Russian)
  2. Rastorguev B.S. Obespechenie zhivuchesti zdaniy pri osobykh dinamicheskikh vozdeystviyakh [Providing Reliability of Buildings in Case of Specific Dynamic Loads]. Seysmostoykoe stroitel’stvo. Bezopasnost’ sooruzheniy [Antiseismic Construction. Safety of Structures]. 2003, no. 4, pp. 45—48. (In Russian)
  3. Tamrazyan A.G. Rekomendatsii k razrabotke trebovaniy k zhivuchesti zdaniy i sooruzheniy [Recommendations to the Development of Requirements to Reliability of Buildings and Structures]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 2—1, pp. 77—83. (In Russian)
  4. Modena C., Tecchio G., Pellegrino C., da Porto F., Donà M., Zampieri P., Zaninix M.A.Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Arch Bridges in Seismic Areas: Typical Deficiencies and Retrofitting Strategies. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering. 2014, vol. 11, issue 4,pp. 415—442. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2014.951859.
  5. Wu Q.X., Lin L.H., Chen B.C. Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Concrete Arch Bridge with Steel Webs. International Efforts in Lifeline Earthquake Engineering : Proceedings of the 6th China-Japan-US Trilateral Symposium on Lifeline Earthquake Engineering. 2014,
  6. pp. 385—392. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413234.050.
  7. Tamrazyan A.G. K otsenke riska chrezvychaynykh situatsiy po osnovnym priznakam ego proyavleniya na sooruzhenie [Emergency Risk Estimation According to Its Main Indicators]. Beton i zhelezobeton [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete]. 2001, no. 5, pp. 8—10.(In Russian)
  8. Filimonova E.A. Metodika poiska optimal’nykh parametrov zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy s uchetom riska otkaza [Identification of Optimal Parameters of Reinforced Concrete Structures with Account for the Probability of Failure]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 10, pp. 128—133.
  9. Tamrazyan A.G., Dudina I.V. Obespechenie kachestva sbornykh zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy na stadii izgotovleniya [Providing the Quality of Precast Reinforced Concrete Structures on Production Stage]. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2001,no. 3, pp. 8—10. (In Russian)
  10. Tamrazyan A.G. Analiz riska kak instrument prinyatiya resheniy stroitel’stva podzemnykh sooruzheniy [Risk Analysis as an Instrument of Decision Making in Underground Construction]. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Housing Construction]. 2012, no. 2, pp. 6—7.(In Russian)
  11. Gorbatov S.V., Smirnov S.G. Raschet prochnosti vnetsentrenno-szhatykh zhelezobetonnykh elementov pryamougol’nogo secheniya na osnove nelineynoy deformatsionnoy modeli [Calculating the Stability of Reinforced Concrete Beam Columns with Rectangular Cross-section Basing on Nonlinear Deformation Model]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 2, vol. 1, pp. 72—76. (In Russian)
  12. Zharnitskiy V.I., Belikov A.A. Eksperimental’noe izuchenie voskhodyashchikh i niskhodyashchikh uchastkov diagramm soprotivleniya betonnykh i zhelezobetonnykh prizm [Experimental Investigation of Upward and Downward Areas of a Diagram of a Resistance Log of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Wedges]. Nauchnoe obozrenie [Scientific Review]. 2014, no. 7—1, pp. 93—98. (In Russian)
  13. Kurnavina S.O. Tsiklicheskiy izgib zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy s uchetom uprugoplasticheskikh deformatsiy armatury i betona [Cyclic Bending of Reinforced Concrete Structures with Account for Elastic-Plastic Deformetions of Reinforcement and Conncrete]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 2, vol. 1, pp. 154—158. (In Russian)
  14. Zharnitskiy V.I., Golda Yu.L., Kurnavina S.O. Otsenka seysmostoykosti zdaniya i povrezhdeniy ego konstruktsiy na osnove dinamicheskogo rascheta s uchetom uprugoplasticheskikh deformatsiy materialov [Evaluation of Seismic Resistance of a Building and Damages of its Structures Besing on the Dynamic Calculation with Account for Elastic-Plastic Deformations of a Material]. Seysmostoykoe stroitel’stvo. Bezopasnost’ sooruzheniy [Antiseismic Construction. Safety of Structures]. 1999, no. 4, p. 7. (In Russian)
  15. Schiesser W.E. and Griffiths G.W. A Compendium of Partial Differential Equation Models: Method of Lines Analysis with Matlab. United Kingdom, City University, 1 January 2009, pp. 1—476.
  16. Saucez P., Vande Wouwer A. Schiesser W.E., Zegeling P. Method of Lines Study of Nonlinear Dispersive Waves. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics. 1 July 2004, vol. 168, issue 1—2, pp. 413—423. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2003.12.012.
  17. Bakhvalov N.S., Zhidkov N.P., Kobel’kov G.M. Chislennye metody [Numerical Methods]. 3rd edition, revised and enlarged. Moscow, BINOM. Laboratoriya znaniy Publ., 2012, 640 p. (In Russian)
  18. Timoshenko S.P. Kolebaniya v inzhenernom dele [Oscillations in Engineering]. Translated from English. 3rd edition. Moscow, KomKniga Publ., 2007, 440 p. (In Russian)
  19. Zharnitskiy V.I., Barbashev N.P. Kolebaniya krivolineynykh zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy pri deystvii intensivnykh dinamicheskikh nagruzok [Oscillations of Curved Reinforced Concrete Structures in Case of Intensive Dynamic Loads]. Nauchnoe obozrenie [Scientific Review]. 2015, no. 4, pp. 147—154. (In Russian)
  20. Belikov A.A., Zharnitskiy V.I. Uprugoplasticheskie kolebaniya zhelezobetonnykh balok pri deystvii poperechnoy i prodol’noy dinamicheskikh nagruzok [Elastic-Plastic Oscillations of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Case of Transverse and Longitudinal Dynamic Loads]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 2—1, pp. 145—147. (In Russian)
  21. Barbashev N.P. K raschetu zhelezobetonnogo kol’tsa v grunte na deystvie volny szhatiya [Calculation of a Reinforced Concrete Circle in Soil in Case of Compression Wave Action]. Nauchnoe obozrenie [Scientific Review]. 2015, no. 10—1, pp. 79—83. (In Russian)

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Prediction of stress-strain state of municipal solid waste with application of soft soil creep model

Vestnik MGSU 9/2014
  • Ofrikhter Vadim Grigor'evich - Perm National Research Polytechnical University (PNRPU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Construction Operations and Geotechnics, Perm National Research Polytechnical University (PNRPU), 29 Komsomol'skiy prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; +7 (342) 219-83-74; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Ofrikhter Yan Vadimovich - Perm National Research Polytechnical University (PNRPU) student, Construction Department, Perm National Research Polytechnical University (PNRPU), 29 Komsomol'skiy prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; +7 (342) 219-83-74; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 82-92

The deformation of municipal solid waste is a complex process caused by the nature of MSW, the properties of which differ from the properties of common soils. The mass of municipal solid waste shows the mixed behaviour partially similar to granular soils, and partially - to cohesive. So, one of mechanical characteristics of MSW is the cohesion typical to cohesive soils, but at the same time the filtration coefficient of MSW has an order of 1 m/day that is characteristic for granular soils. It has been established that MSW massif can be simulated like the soil reinforced by randomly oriented fibers. Today a significant amount of the verified and well proved software products are available for numerical modelling of soils. The majority of them use finite element method (FEM). The soft soil creep model (SSC-model) seems to be the most suitable for modelling of municipal solid waste, as it allows estimating the development of settlements in time with separation of primary and secondary consolidation. Unlike the soft soil, one of the factors of secondary consolidation of MSW is biological degradation, the influence of which is possible to consider at the definition of the modified parameters essential for soft soil model. Application of soft soil creep model allows carrying out the calculation of stress-strain state of waste from the beginning of landfill filling up to any moment of time both during the period of operation and in postclosure period. The comparative calculation presented in the paper is executed in Plaxis software using the soft-soil creep model in contrast to the calculation using the composite model of MSW. All the characteristics for SSC-model were derived from the composite model. The comparative results demonstrate the advantage of SSC-model for prediction of the development of MSW stress-strain state. As far as after the completion of the biodegradation processes MSW behaviour is similar to cohesion-like soils, the demonstrated approach seems to be useful for the design of waste piles as the basement for different constructions considering it as one of remediation techniques for the territories occupied by the old waste.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.9.82-92

References
  1. Kockel R., Jessberger H.L. Stability Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Slopes. Proceedings of 11th European Conference for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Copenhagen, Denmark, Danish Geotechnical Society, 1995, vol. 2, pp. 73—78.
  2. Manassero M., Van Impe W.F, Bouazza A. Waste Disposal and Containment. Proceedings of 2nd International Congress on Environmental Geotechnics. Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, 1996, vol. 3, pp. 1425—1474.
  3. Sivakumar Babu G.L., Reddy K.R., Chouskey S.K., Kulkarni H.S. Prediction of Longterm Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Settlement Using Constitutive Model. Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste Management. New York, ASCE, 2010, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 139—150. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HZ.1944-8376.0000024.
  4. Sivakumar Babu G.L., Reddy K.R., Chouskey S.K. Constitutive Model for Municipal Solid Waste Incorporating Mechanical Creep and Biodegradation-induced Compression. Waste Management. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2010, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 11—22. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.09.005.
  5. Sivakumar Babu G.L., Reddy K.R., Chouskey S.K. Parametric Study of MSW Landfill Settlement Model. Waste Management. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2011, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1222—1231. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.01.007.
  6. Sivakumar Babu G.L. Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics of a Typical Landfill in Bangalore. Bangalore, India, India Institute of Science, 2012. Available at: http://cistup.iisc.ernet.in/presentations/Research%20project/CIST038.pdf/. Date of access: 02.04.2014.
  7. Brinkgreve R.B.J., Vermeer P. On the Use of Cam-Clay Models. Proceedings of the IV International Symposium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics. Rotterdam, Balkema, 1992, vol. 2, pp. 557—565.
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  11. Brinkgreve R.B.J. Geomaterial Models and Numerical Analysis of Softening, Dissertation. Delft, Delft University of Technology, 1994. Available at: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994PhDT........15B/. Date of access: 02.04.2014.
  12. Stolle D.F.E., Bonnier P.G., Vermeer P.A. A Soft Soil Model and Experiences with Two Integration Schemes. Numerical Models in Geomechanics. Leiden, Netherlands, CRC Press, 1997, pp. 123—128.
  13. Gibson R.E., Lo K.Y. A Theory of Soils Exhibiting Secondary Compression. Acta Polytechnica Scandinavica, Civil Engineering and Building Construction Series. Stockholm, Scandinavian Council for Applied Research, 1961, C 10, 196, pp. 225—239.
  14. Park H.I., Lee S.R. Long-term Settlement Behavior of Landfills with Refuse Decomposition. Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management. Chester, USA, Widener University, 1997, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 159—165.
  15. Murthy V.N.S. Geotechnical Engineering: Principles and Practices of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2003, 1056 p.

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