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ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT. RESTRUCTURING AND RESTORATION

NEW ARHIVED DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE CHURCH CONSTRUCTION IN VOZDVIZHENSKOE VILLAGE

Vestnik MGSU 3/2012
  • Chetyrina Natalya Arkadevna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Department of History and Culturology; (499) 183-21-29, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 6 - 11

The paper considers civil engineering in retrospect. The paper presents the records of the two contracts that date back to 1837 and 1838. The contracts cover the two stages of construction of a famous church in Vozdvizhenskoe Village in the Moscow Province. These documents were stored in the Central Historic Archive, namely, in the collection of the town hall of Sergievskij Possad. These records of the two agreements in the collection of the brokers notes (or in other books of the same type) are of particular value, as the majority of authentic contracts have been lost. One of the contracts covers the organizational procedure and pre-construction works, while the other one covers the construction of the church. The first document gives the idea of environmental protection, employment of ecological technologies, and safe disposal and recycling of human biowaste in the course of dismantling of an old structure in Vozdvizhenskoe village. The second document that dates back to 1838 covers the sequence of construction works, starting from the foundation and ending with the arches, the types of building materials used, and peculiarities of stone masonry. The information recorded in the contract includes the names of the counterparties, day-to-day mode of life of seasonal workers, remuneration of labour and procedures that assure the quality of construction. This agreement makes it possible to outline the construction process that includes workers, bricklayers, the foreman, the contractor, the architect, and the customer. On the whole, both documents help us outline and assess some of the building practices of the 19th century. This issue is relevant nowadays, as our society has entered the phase of the market economy, while the experience accumulated by the past generations is of undeniable value.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.3.6 - 11

References
  1. Il’in M.A. Podmoskov’e [Moscow Region]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1974.
  2. Pamiatniki arhitekturi Moskovskoy oblasti [Architectural Monuments of the Moscow Region]. No. 2, Moscow, Stroiisdat Publ., 1999, p. 91.
  3. Penezhko O. Khramy Sergievo-Posadskogo blagochiniya [Sergijev-Possad Churches]. Vladimir, 2007, pp. 86—87, 231.
  4. Marreze L.M. Bab’e tsarstvo: dvoryanki i vladenie imushchestvom v Rossii (1700—1861) [The Female Kingdom: Noble Ladies and Property Ownership in Russia (1700—1861)]. Moscow, 2009.
  5. Samoylov A. Sergievo-Posadskiy tserkovnyy okrug [Sergijev-Possad Church District]. Moskovskie eparkhial’nye vedomosti [Moscow Church District News]. 2003, no. 9-10, p. 91.
  6. Chetyrina N.A. Snos starykh stroeniy kak primer stroitel’noy praktiki [Demolition of Old Structures and an Example of Building Practice]. Sovremennye issledovaniya gumanitarnykh, sotsial’nykh i ekonomicheskikh problem stroitel’stva i arkhitektury [Modern Research of Humanitarian, Social and Economic Problems of Construction and Architecture]. Moscow, 2010, pp. 325—328.
  7. M.V. Nikolaeva Chastnoe stroitel’stvo v Moskve i Podmoskov’e pervoy chetverti XVIII veka [Private Construction in Moscow and Moscow Region in the First Quarter of the 18th Century]. Podryadnye zapisi [Records of Contractors], Vol. 2, Moscow, URSS, 2004.

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Social and cultural background of the emergence and development of fachwerk architecture

Vestnik MGSU 8/2015
  • Gavrikov Denis Sergeevich - Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNGASU) degree-seeking student, Department of Architectural Design, Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNGASU), 65 Il’inskaya str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Mezentsev Sergey Dmitrievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor, Department of History and Philosophy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 7-17

The article is devoted to the preconditions of the occurrence and development of half-timbered architecture in different regions of the world. The starting point is giving account of the content of the concept of “Fachwerk”. Using the term “Fachwerk” the article refers to a type of building structure which uses three-dimensional farm inclined at different angles as the basis for carrying out wooden beams; beside, the article defines the construction materials used in construction of timber-framed buildings, and the technology of their construction. The history of the formation and development of Fachwerk is among objectives of the study of half-timbered architecture as well. The main methods of research are observation, analysis, comparison, historical methods. Some photographs of certain half-timbered buildings were used to make a reader familiar with the aesthetic impact of this kind of architecture. The oldest building of protofachwerk could be found on the territory of modern Turkey and China. Later, in the Middle Ages, half-timbered buildings appeared among the Germans, Gauls, and other Western European nations. Still preserved, half-timbered buildings date back to the 14th century. Improvement of building materials and technologies of construction, economic, religious and cultural changes and transition of Western peoples from Middle Ages to modern times played a significant role in the formation of half-timbered architecture. It is also noted that there is a direct link or correlation between the religious characteristics of a society and a form of Fachwerk corresponding to them. A special place in the article is taken by Protestantism which contributed to the progressive development of technology, including construction and thereby changed the vector of development of the Western society from traditionalism to modernity. In the 20th century Fachwerk in Europe experienced a new prosperity, thanks to its use as a stylistic foundation of Swiss-style buildings, styles, stick, hips, Jugend, Storybook, Adirondack. Regional variants of Fachwerk and its interpretations are now available in some regions of Western, Central, South and East Asia, Africa, North and South America, and Australia. In the course of the study we revealed the influence of socio-cultural factors in the half-timbered architecture in different regions of its distribution. It is concluded that Fachwerk is an indicator of predisposition of a particular culture to the progressive development.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.8.7-17

References
  1. Gavrikov D.S. Terminologicheskoe utochnenie ponyatiya «fakhverk» [Terminological Redetermination of the Term “Fachwerk”]. V mire nauchnykh otkrytiy [In the World of Scientific Discoveries]. 2010, no. 6.3 (12), pp. 115—117. (In Russian)
  2. Gerner M. Fachwerk. Entwicklung, Entstandsetzung, Neubau. Muenchen, Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2007, 224 p.
  3. Issel H. Holzbau: Fachwerk-, Block-, Ständer- und Stabbau. Leipzig, Reprint-Verlag, 2004, 197 p.
  4. Flenley J.R., King S. Late Quarternary Pollen Records from Easter Island. Nature. 1984, vol. 307, pp. 47—50. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/307047a0.
  5. Franklin B. The Way to Wealth: Preface to Poor Richard Improved. 1758, Bedford, MA, ApplewoodBooks, Inc., 1986, 30 p.
  6. Goethe J. Faust. Translated from German by B. Pasternak. Moscow, Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo khudozhestvennoy literatury Publ., 1953, 616 p. (In Russian)
  7. Weber M. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. 2013, Merchant Books; abridged edition edition, 132 p.
  8. Harrison L. Jews, Confucians, and Protestants: Cultural Capital and the End of Multiculturalism. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012, 230 p.
  9. Söries R. Von Kaisers Gnaden: protestantische Kirchenbauten im Habsburger Reich. Köln, Weimar, Böhlau Verlag, 2008, 225 p.
  10. Micklitza K., Micklitza A. Lausitz. Berlin, Trescher Verlag, 2013, 320 p.
  11. Schmidt R. Fachwerkkirchen im Vogelsberg. R. Schmidt, 2013, 19 p.
  12. Konovaloff A. Ornament am Fachwerk: Eine Untersuchung der Gestaltung von Bürgerhäusern in Hannoversch-Münden. Lit, 1985, 86 p.
  13. Großmann G.U. Fachwerk in Deutschland: Zierformen seit dem Mittelalter. Imhof, 2006, 144 p.
  14. Föppl A. Das Fachwerk im Raume. Books on Demand, 2012, 68 p.
  15. Tishler W.H. Fachwerk Construction in the German Settlements of Wisconsin. W.H. Tishler, 1986. 292 p.
  16. Großmann G.U. Runen und Fachwerk. Germanisches Nationalmuseum. Available at: http://www.gnm.de/fileadmin/redakteure/Museum/pdf/GUGro_mann_Runen_und_Fachwerk.pdf. Date of access: 31.03.2015.
  17. Mezentsev S.D., Gavrikov D.S. Fakhverkovye reministsentsii v arkhitekture rossiyskikh nemtsev v XVIII—XX vv. [Fachwerk Reminiscences in Architecture of Russian Germans in 18—20th Centuries]. Internet-vestnik VolgGASU. Seriya: Politematicheskaya [Internet-Vestnik of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Polythematic series]. 2013, no. 4 (29). Available at: http://vestnik.vgasu.ru/attachments/MezentsevGavrikov-2013_4(29).pdf. Date of access: 15.03.2015. (In Russian)
  18. Krivykh E.G. Fakhverk kak gumanitarnaya tekhnologiya [Fachwerk as a Humanitarian Technology]. Integratsiya, partnerstvo, innovatsii v stroitel’noy nauke i obrazovanii : sbornik materialov Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [Integration, Pertnership, Innovations in the Construction Science and Education : Collection of the Materials of International Scientific Conference]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2015, pp. 52—54. (In Russian)
  19. Ekonomov S.L. Garmoniya starogo i novogo [Harmony of the Old and the New]. Krasivye doma [Beautiful Houses]. 2005, no. 4 (57), 96 p. (In Russian)
  20. Popper K. The Open Society and Its Enemies. New One-Volume edition. 2013, Princeton University Press, 780 p.

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Using rice straw to manufacture ceramic bricks

Vestnik MGSU 11/2014
  • Gorbunov German Ivanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Technology of Finishing and Insulation Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Rasulov Olimdzhon Rakhmonberdievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate student, Department of Technology of Finishing and Insulation Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 128-136

In the article, the co-authors offer their advanced and efficient methodologies for the recycling of the rice straw, as well as the novel approaches to the ceramic brick quality improvement through the application of the rice straw as the combustible additive and through the formation of amorphous silica in the course of the rice straw combustion. The co-authors provide characteristics of the raw materials, production techniques used to manufacture ceramic bricks, and their basic properties in the article. The co-authors describe the simulated process of formation of amorphous silica. The process in question has two independent steps (or options): 1) rice straw combustion and ash formation outside the oven (in the oxidizing medium), and further application of ash as the additive in the process of burning clay mixtures; 2) adding pre-treated rice straw as the combustible additive into the clay mixture, and its further burning in compliance with the pre-set temperature mode. The findings have proven that the most rational pre-requisite of the rice straw application in the manufacturing of ceramic bricks consists in feeding milled straw into the clay mixture to be followed by molding, drying and burning. Brick samples are highly porous, and they also demonstrate sufficient compressive strength. The co-authors have also identified optimal values of rice straw and ash content in the mixtures under research.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.11.128-136

References
  1. Adylov D.K., Bekturdiev G.M., Yusupov F.M., Kim R.N. Tekhnologiya polucheniya modifitsirovannykh volokon iz otkhodov agropromyshlennogo kompleksa dlya ispol'zovaniya pri proizvodstve asbestotsementnykh izdeliy [The Technology of Producing Modified Fibres of Agricultural Sector Waste for Producing Asbestos Cement Products]. Sotrudnichestvo dlya resheniya problemy otkhodov : materialy 8 Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii, 23—24 fevralya 2011 goda, Khar'kov [Cooperation for Deciding the Problem of Waste: Materials of the 8th International Conference, February 23—24, 2011, Kharkiv]. Available at: http://waste.ua/cooperation/2011/theses/adylov.html. Date of access: 20.05.2014. (In Russian)
  2. Vinogradov V.V., Bylkov A.A., Vinogradov D.V. Patent RF ¹ 2171780, MPK Ñ01Â33/12, Ñ01Â33/32, Ñ09Ñ1/48. Tekhnologicheskiy modul' kompleksnoy pererabotki risovoy shelukhi. Zayavl. 05.10.1999 ; opublikovano 10.08.2001 [Russian Patent no. 2171780, MPK Ñ01Â33/12, Ñ01Â33/32, Ñ09Ñ1/48. Technological Modulus of Complex Processing of Rice Hulls. Appl. 05.10.1999 ; Publ. 10.08.2001]. Available at: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/217/2171780.html/. Date of access: 20.05.2014. (In Russian)
  3. Vurasko A.V., Minakova A.R., Gulemina N.N., Driker B.N. Fiziko-khimicheskie svoystva tsellyulozy, poluchennoy okislitel'no-organosol'ventnym sposobom iz rastitel'nogo syr'ya [Physical and Chemical Properties of Cellulose Obtained by Oxidating-Organosolv Way of Vegetable Raw Materials]. Lesa Rossii v XXI veke : materialy 1-y Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy internet-konferentsii, iyun' 2009 [Forests of Russia in the 21st Century : Materials of the 1st International Scientific and Practical Internet-Conference, June 2009]. Saint Petersburg, 2005, pp. 231—233. (In Russian)
  4. Monsef Shokri R., Khripunov A.K., Baklagina Yu.G., Gofman I.V., Astapenko E.P., Smyslov R.Yu., Pazukhina G.A. Issledovanie komponentnogo sostava risovoy solomy IRI i svoystv poluchaemoy iz nee tsellyulozy [Investigation of the Composition of Rice Straw IRI and the Properties of Cellulose Obtained from It]. Novye dostizheniya v khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii rastitel'nogo syr'ya : materialy III Vserossiyskoy konferentsii 23—27 aprelya 2007 goda: v 3-kh knigakh [New Achievements in Chemistry and Chemical Technologies of Vegetable Raw Materials : Materials of the 3rd All-Russian Conference, April, 23—27, 2007 : in 3 volumes]. Barnaul, AltGU Publ., 2007, vol. 1, pp. 53—55. (In Russian)
  5. Vurasko A.V., Driker B.N., Mozyreva E.A., Zemnukhova L.A., Galimova A.R., Gulemina N.N. Resursosberegayushchaya tekhnologiya polucheniya tsellyuloznykh materialov pri pererabotke otkhodov sel’skokhozyaystvennykh kul’tur [Resource Saving Technology for Obtaining Cellulose Materials in Case of Crop Residues Processing]. Khimiya rastitel’nogo syr’ya [Vegetable Raw Materials Chemistry]. 2006, no. 4, pp. 5—10. (In Russian)
  6. Vurasko A.V., Driker B.N., Galimova A.R., Mertin E.V., Chistyakova K.N. Patent RF ¹ 2418122, MPK D21C3/26, D21C3/02, D21C3/04, D21C5/00. Sposob polucheniya tsellyulozy iz solomy risa. Zayavl. ¹ 2010118642/12, 07.05.2010; opubl. 10.05.2011. Byul. ¹ 13 [Russian Patent no. 2418122. MPK D21C3/26, D21C3/02, D21C3/04, D21C5/00. Method of Obtaining Cellulose of Rice Straw. No. 2010118642/12, Appl. 07.05.2010; Publ. 10.05.2011. Bull. no. 13]. Patent holder Ural State Forest Engineering University; 5 p. (In Russian)
  7. Dobrzhanskiy V.G., Zemnukhova L.A., Sergienko V.I. Patent RF ¹ 2106304. Sposob polucheniya vodorastvorimykh silikatov iz zoly risovoy shelukhi. ¹ 96118801; zayavl. 23.09.1996; opubl. 10.03.1998 [Russian Patent no. 2106304. Method of Obtaining Water-Soluble Silicates of Rice Straw Ashes. No. 96118801; appl. 23.09.1996; publ. 10.03.1998]. Patent holder Chemistry Institute of Far Eastern Branch of RAS. Available at: http://www.freepatent.ru/patents/2106304. Date of access: 20.05.2014. (In Russian)
  8. Pazukhina G.A., Sh.R. Monsef. Patent RF ¹ 2423570. MPK D21C1/06, D21C3/02, D21C5/00. Sposob polucheniya tsellyulozy iz solomy. ¹ 2010129321/12 ; zayavl. 16.07.2010; opubl. 10.07.2011, Byul. ¹ 19 [Russian Patent no. 2423570. MPK D21C1/06, D21C3/02, D21C5/00. Method of Obtaining Cellulose of the Straw. No. 2010129321/12 ; appl. 16.07.2010; Publ. 10.07.2011; Bulletin no. 19]. 6 p. Available at: http://www.freepatent.ru/patents/2423570. Date of access: 20.05.2014. (In Russian)
  9. Vinogradov V.V., Vinogradova E.P. Patent RF ¹ 2191159. MPK C01B33/00. Sposob polucheniya ul'tradispersnogo amorfnogo ili nanokristallicheskogo dioksida kremniya. ¹: 2001113925/12; zayavl. 25.05.2001; opubl. 20.10.2002 [Russian Patent no. ¹ 2191159. MPK C01B33/00. Method of Obtaining Ultradisperse Amorphic or Nanocrystal Silicon Dioxide. No. 2001113925/12; appl. 25.05.2001; publ. 20.10.2002]. Patent Holder N.A. Khachaturov. Available at: http://www.freepatent.ru/patents/2191159. Date of access: 20.05. 2014. (In Russian)
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  11. Zemnukhova L.A., Fedorishcheva G.A. Patent RF ¹ 2394764. MPK Ñ01Â33/12; Â82Â1/00. Sposob polucheniya dioksida kremnya. ¹ 2009114380/15, zayavl. 15.04.2009; opubl. 20.07.2010. Byul. ¹ 20 [Russian Patent no. 2394764. MPK Ñ01Â33/12; Â82Â1/00. Method of Obtaining Silicon Dioxide. No. 2009114380/15, appl. 15.04.2009; publ. 20.07.2010. Billetin no. 20]. 8 p. Patent holder Chemistry Institute of Far Eastern Branch of RAS. Available at: http://www.freepatent.ru/patents/2394764. Date of access: 20.05.2014. (In Russian)
  12. Zemnukhova L.A., Fedorishcheva G.A., Egorov A.G., Sergienko V.I. Issledovanie usloviy polucheniya, sostava primesey i svoystv amorfnogo dioksida kremniya iz otkhodov proizvodstva risa [Investigation of the Obtaining Conditions, Admixture Composition and Properties of the Amorphous Silicon Dioxide of Rice Production Waste]. Zhurnal prikladnoy khimii [Applied Chemistry Journal]. 2005, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 324—328. (In Russian)
  13. Skryabin A.A., Sidorov A.M., Puzyrev E.M, Shchurenko V.P. Patent RF 2291105. MPK Ñ01Â33/12; F23Ñ9/00. Sposob polucheniya dioksida kremniya i teplovoy energii iz kremniysoderzhashchikh rastitel'nykh otkhodov i ustanovka dlya szhiganiya melkodispersnykh materialov. Zayavl. 06.09.2005; opubl. 10.01.2007. Byul. ¹ 1 [Russian Patent no. 2291105. MPK Ñ01Â33/12; F23Ñ9/00. Method of Obtaining Silicon Dioxide and Heat Energy of Siliceous Vegetable Raw Materials and Installation for Burning Fine Materials. Appl. 06.09.2005; publ. 10.01.2007. Bulletin no. 1]. Patent holder Research and Design Canter “Biyskenergomash”, 10 p. Available at: http://www.freepatent.ru/patents/2291105. Date of access: 20.05.2014. (In Russian)
  14. Barmin M.I., Golubev M.I., Grebenkin A.N., Kartavykh V.P., Mel’nikov V.V. Tsellolignin v kachestve vygorayushchey dobavki pri proizvodstve keramicheskogo kirpicha [Cellolignin as a Combustible Addition in the Process of Ceramic Brick Production]. StroyPROFIl’ [Construction Profile]. 2008, no. 4-08, pp. 54—56. Available at: http://stroyprofile.com/archive/3122. Date of access: 20.05.2014. (In Russian)
  15. Rumyantsev B.M., Dang Shi Lan. Penozolobeton s aktivnym kremnezemom [Foam Ash Concrete with Activated Silica]. Stroitel’nye materialy, oborudovanie, tekhnologii XXI veka [Construction Materials, Equipment, Technologies of the 21st Century]. 2006, no. 6, pp. 38—40. (In Russian)
  16. Gorbunov G.I., Rasulov O.R. Problemy ratsional’noy utilizatsii risovoy solomy [Problems of Rational Straw Utilization]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 7, pp. 106—113. (In Russian)
  17. Zhukov A.D., Gorbunov G.I., Belash N.V. Energosberegayushchaya tekhnologiya keramicheskoy plitki [Energy Saving Technology of Ceramic Tiles]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 10, pp. 122—130. (In Russian)
  18. Zemnukhova L.A., Yudakov A.A., Sergienko V.I. Patent RF ¹ 2245300, MPK C01B33/12, 33/18; F23G7/10. Sposob pererabotki kremniysoderzhashchego syr'ya i ustanovki dlya ego osushchestvleniya. ¹: 2003137329/15; zayavl. 24.12.2003; opubl. 27.01.2005. Byul. ¹ 3 [Russian Patent no. 2245300. Method of Processing Siliceous Raw Materials and Installations for that. No. 2003137329/15; appl. 24.12.2003; publ. 27.01.2005. Bulletin no. 3]. 10 p. Available at: http://www.freepatent.ru/images/patents/223/2245300/patent-2245300.pdf. Date of access: 20.05.2014. (In Russian)

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DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE, ENERGY EFFICIENT CELLULAR CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL CORRESPONDING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF GREEN CONSTRUCTION

Vestnik MGSU 3/2018 Volume 13
  • Ketov Petr Aleksandrovich - Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU) Postgraduate Student, Department of Environmental Protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU), 29 Komsomol’skiy prospect, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 368-377

Foamed glass is one of the most energy efficient construction materials. However, the existing technologies of foamed glass manufacture do not correspond to the principles of green construction because a special sulphate glass is used, produced from natural raw materials, and it causes emission of pollutants at all stages of the life cycle of the material. The resource and energy-saving technology for producing environmentally safe energy-efficient foam glass based on off-grade glass cullet, which is a component of solid municipal waste, has been developed, substantiated and implemented. In solving a particular problem of foam glass production, an algorithm of development of an environmentally safe building material based on or with addition of production and consumption wastes was proposed and approved. This algorithm is consistent with the principles of green construction. Subject: development of the technological scheme of manufacture and recycling of energy efficient cellular material corresponding to the requirements of ecological safety at all stages of its life cycle; proposition of an algorithm that solves the general problem of development of environmentally friendly construction materials and conforms to the principles of green construction. Materials and methods: analysis of existing technical solutions for manufacture and recycling of foam glass from the viewpoint of green construction principles and proposition of alternative environmentally friendly solutions. Results: as a result of elimination of the drawbacks inherent in the existing foam glass at all stages of its life cycle, technical solutions that ensure environmental safety of the material were substantiated. Conclusions: the results can be used for development of construction materials corresponding to the principles of green construction.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.3.368-377

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GEO-ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF DRILLING WASTE DISPOSAL IN THE YAMAL PENINSULA

Vestnik MGSU 2/2012
  • Oreshkin Dmitrij Vladimirovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Head of Department of Construction Materials 8 (499) 183-32-29, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Saharov Grigorij Petrovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Construction Materials 8 (499) 183-32-29, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Chebotaev Aleksandr Nikolaevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) engineer, Intek-Service LLC, 8 (495) 232-53-25, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 22 Pavla Korchagina st., Moscow, 129626, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Kurbatova Anna Sergeevna - Urban Environment Research and Design Institute - UERDI Doctor of Geographical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director, Urban Environment Research and Design Institute - UERDI, Building 1, 19 Bol'shoj Suharevskij pereulok, 127051, Moscow, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 125 - 129

Crude oil and gas fields are located in remote areas known for their severe geological and climatic conditions that are aggravated by the presence of the paleocrystic frozen rock. Borehole drilling causes generation of the substantial amount of drilling waste. The sludge weighs millions of tons. Any rock is to remain frozen at any drilling site in the Yamal peninsula. Semifluid drilling waste occupies extensive areas around drilling sites; they prevent development of the surface infrastructure, they interfere with the work of drilling technicians and contribute to hazardous working conditions, they are a challenge to the local ecology. The above factors produce a negative impact on the environment and prevent sustainable development of the region. For example, disposal of drilling waste at condensed gas fields operated in the Yamal peninsula represents a substantial problem. Drilling waste contains drilling fluid used in the process of borehole drilling. It was discovered in the course of the preliminary research that drilling fluids were composite suspensions that contained bentonite, heavy spar, caustic soda, dilutants, and polymers. It was found out that the sludge was composed of silica, calcite, dolomite, aragonite, magnesite, some feldspars, heavy spar, gypsum and anhydrite, micas, hydromicas, clay minerals. Projections provided in the paper say that pre-neutralized sludge may be used in the manufacturing of building materials, such as bricks, claydite, small-size building units, etc. The authors argue that further research of the sludge elements and microstructure, as well as its chemical, mineral, granulometric and X-ray phase analyses need to be performed.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.2.125 - 129

References
  1. Oreshkin D.V., Pervushin G.N. Geojekologicheskie problemy treschinostojkosti i teploprovodnosti tamponazhnogo kamnja [Geoecological Problems of Fracture Strength and Heat Conductivity of Backill Stone]. Steny. Fasady. Aktual'nye problemy stroitel'noj teplofiziki [Walls. Facades. Relevant Problems of Thermal Physics in Civil Engineering], 8th International Conference, collected works, Moscow, NIISF, 2003, pp. 125—133.
  2. Oreshkin D.V., Pervushin G.N. Geojekologicheskie problemy germetichnosti zatrubnogo prostranstva [Geoecological Problems of Leakproofness of Hole Annulus]. Stroitel'stvo neftjanyh i gazovyh skvazhin na sushe i na more, 2004, Issue # 3, pp. 28—32.
  3. Bereznjakov A.I., Griva G.I., Osokin A.B. and others. Problemy ustojchivosti dobyvajuschih skvazhin mestorozhdenij poluostrova Jamal [Problems of Sustainability of Producing Wells of the Yamal Peninsula]. Moscow, IRC Gazprom, 1997, 159 p.
  4. Vjahirev V.I., Ippolitov V.V., Oreshkin D.V. and others. Oblegchennye i sverhlegkie tamponazhnye rastvory [Lightweight and Superlight Grouting Mortars]. Moscow, Nedra, 1999, 180 p.
  5. Oreshkin D.V., Frolov A.A., Ippolitov V.V. Problemy teploizoljacionnyh tamponazhnyh materialov dlja uslovij mnogoletnih merzlyh porod [Problems of Heat Insulation Backfills Applicable in the Permafrost Environment]. Moscow, Nedra, 2004, 232 p.
  6. Bokovikova T.N., Shperber D.R., Shperber E.R., Volkova C.C. Ispol'zovanie nefteshlamov v stroitel'stve dorozhnyh pokrytij i odezhd [Use of Oil Slimes in Construction of Road Coverings and Dressings]. Neftegazovoe delo, 2011, Issue # 2, pp. 311—315.

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Risk management of the negative impacts of building materials produced of production wastes on the environmental medium

Vestnik MGSU 6/2015
  • Pugin Konstantin Georgievich - Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Automobiles and Production Machines, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU), 29 Komsomol’skiy prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Vaysman Yakov Iosifovich - Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU) Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Supervisor, Department of Environmental Protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU), 29 Komsomol’skiy prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 73-87

Basing on life cycle analysis of building materials produced of waste products the authors defined the formation stages of environmental risks of adverse impacts on the environment. The studies have revealed that one of the main environmental risks is the occurrence of secondary emission of pollutants from building materials produced of waste products when used by the end-user, which is not taken into account by the existing regulatory documents defining the environmental safety of construction materials. The questions of prevention of the possible negative impact of the construction materials based on or with addition of production waste while their use on the environment and population as a result of a number of natural and anthropogenic factors, which can lead to negative ecological effects, which are difficult to forecast, are not regulated enough. In the present conditions of the absence of regulatory framework of their ecological safety the wide use of production waste for obtaining construction materials without account for the possible ecological risks may lead to technogenic burden exceeding the acceptable level.The authors defined the main ways to reduce the environmental risks when using the resource potential of waste for the production of building materials by reducing the emissions of these pollutants while reducing their permeability.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.6.73-87

References
  1. Leont’ev L.I., Dyubanov V.G. Tekhnogennye otkhody chernoy i tsvetnoy metallurgii i problemy okruzhayushchey sredy [Technogenic Waste of Ferrous and Non-ferrous Industry and the Environmental Problems]. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii [Ecology and Industry of Russia]. 2011, no. 4, pp. 32—35. (In Russian)
  2. Ryabov G.G., Sukov M.V. Izdeliya dlya dorozhnogo stroitel’stva na osnove otkhodov promyshlennosti [Products for Road Construction Based on Production Waste]. Izvestiya TulGU. Seriya «Ekologiya i bezopasnost’ zhiznedeyatel’nosti» [News of Tula State University. Series: Ecology and Life Safety]. 2006, no. 8, pp. 115—118. (In Russian)
  3. Dijkstra J.J., Meeusse J.C.L., Van der Sloot H.A., Comans R.N.J. A Consistent Geochemical Modelling Approach for the Reactive Transport of Major and Trace Elements in MSWI Bottom Ash. Appl. Geochem. 2008, no. 23 (6), pp. 1544—1562. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.12.032.
  4. Eikelboom E., Ruwiel E., Goumans J.J.J.M. The Building Materials Decree: An Example of a Dutch Regulation Based on the Potential Impact of Materials on the Environment. Waste Manage. Oxford. 2001, no. 21 (3), pp. 295—302.
  5. Fthenakis V., Wang W., Kim C.H. Life Cycle Inventory Analysis of the Production of Metals Used in Photovoltaics. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2009, no. 13 (3), pp. 493—517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.11.012.
  6. Sokolov E.M., Kachuzin N.M., Ryabov G.G. Geoekologicheskie printsipy ispol’zovaniya vtorichnykh resursov [Geoecological Principles of Secondary Resources Use]. Tula, Grif i K° Publ., 2000, 360 p. (In Russian)
  7. Pugin K.G., Vaysman Ya.I., Yushkov B.S., Maksimovich N.G. Snizhenie ekologicheskoy nagruzki pri obrashchenii so shlakami chernoy metallurgii : monografiya [Decreasing the Ecological Impact while Using Iron Industry Slags : Monograph]. Perm, 2008, 316 p. (In Russian)
  8. Quintelas C., Rocha Z., Silva B. et al. Removal of Cd(II), Cr(VI), Fe(III) and Ni(II) from Aqueous Solutions by an E. Coli Biofilm Supported on Kaolin. Chem. Engineering J. July 2009, 149, 1-3, pp. 319—324. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2008.11.025.
  9. Jackobsen H., Kristoferrsen M. Case Studies on Waste Minimization Practices in Europe/ Topic Report — European Topic Centre on Waste. European Environment Agency, February 2002, no. 2.
  10. Indicator Fact Sheet Signals 2001 — Chapter Waste. European Environmental Agency, 2001.
  11. Leont’ev L.I., Yusfin Yu.S., Chernousov P.I. Otkhody: vozdeystvie na okruzhayushchuyu sredu i puti utilizatsii [Waste: Impact on the Environment and Ways of Utilization]. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii [Ecology and Industry of Russia]. 2003, no. 3, pp. 32—35. (In Russian)
  12. Shapovalov D.A., Gruzdev V.S. Vliyanie tekhnogennykh vybrosov na pochvu i rastitel'nost' na primere OAO
  13. Maksimovich N.G., Blinov S.M., Men’shikova E.A. Vozdeystvie tverdykh otkhodov Chusovskogo metallurgicheskogo zavoda na sostoyanie r. Chusovoy [Influence of Solid Waste of Chusovoy Steel Works on the Condition of the River Chusovaya]. Problemy geologii Permskogo Urala i Priural’ya : Materialy regional’noy nauchnoy konferentsii [Geological Problems of Perm Ural and Cisurals]. Perm’, Permsiy universitet Publ., 1998, pp. 152—154. (In Russian)
  14. Pugin K.G. Negativnoe vozdeystvie shlakovykh otvalov chernoy metallurgii na ob”ekty okruzhayushchey sredy na primere goroda Chusovogo [Negative Impact of Iron Industry Slagheaps on Environmental Medium on an Exapmple of Chusovoy City]. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territoriy [Ecology of Urbanized Territory]. 2011, no. 2, pp. 86—90. (In Russian)
  15. Pugin K.G. Voprosy ekologii ispol’zovaniya tverdykh otkhodov chernoy metallurgii v stroitel’nykh materialakh [Ecological Problems of Iron Industry Solid Waste in Construction Materials]. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012, no. 8, pp. 54—56. (In Russian)
  16. Schwab O., Bayer P., Juraske R., Verones F., Hellweg S. Beyond the Material Grave: Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Leaching from Secondary Materials in Road and Earth Constructions. Waste Management. 2014, 34 (10), pp. 1884—1896. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.04.022.
  17. Mroueh U.M., Eskola P., Laine-Ylijoki J. Life-Cycle Impacts of the Use of Industrial By-Products in Road and Earth Construction. Waste Management. Oxford, 2001, 21(3), pp. 271—277. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0713-2743(00)80055-0.
  18. Susset B., Grathwohl P. Leaching Standards for Mineral Recycling Materials — a Harmonized Regulatory Concept for the Upcoming German Recycling Decree. Waste Management. Oxford, 2011, 31 (2), pp. 201—214. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.08.017.
  19. Kozlov S.G., Vyazovikova I.V., Chernyy S.A., Krepysheva I.V. Ispol’zovanie otkhodov sodovogo proizvodstva v dorozhnom stroitel’stve [Application of Soda Production Waste in Road Construction]. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya [Fundamental Research]. 2013, no. 10—12, pp. 2604—2611. Available at: www.rae.ru/fs/?section=content&op= show_article&article_id=10002106. Date of access: 28.03.2015. (In Russian)
  20. Bhander G.S., Christensen T.H., Hauschild M.Z. EASEWASTE — Life Cycle Modeling Capabilities for Waste Management Technologies. Int. J. Life Cycle Assess. 2010, 15, pp. 403—416.
  21. Gabler H.E., Gluh K., Bahr A., Utermann J. Quantification of Vanadium Adsorption by German Soils. J. Geochem. Explor. 2009, 103 (1), pp. 37—44. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.05.002.
  22. Kosson D.S., van der Sloot H.A., Sanchez F., Garrabrant A.C. An Integrated Framework for Evaluating Leaching in Waste Management and Utilization of Secondary Materials. Environ. Eng. Sci. 2002, 19 (3), pp. 159—204. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/109287502760079188.
  23. Olsson S., Karrman E., Gustafsson J.P. Environmental Systems Analysis of the Use of Bottom Ash from Incineration of Municipal Waste for Road Construction. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2006, 48, pp. 26—40.

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Thermal regime of enclosing structures in high-rise buildings

Vestnik MGSU 8/2018 Volume 13
  • Musorina Tatyana A. - Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU) postgraduate student, Hydraulics and Strength Department, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), 29 Politechnicheskaya s., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation.
  • Gamayunova Ol’ga S. - Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU) Senior lecturer, Department of Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), 29 Politechnicheskaya s., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation.
  • Petrichenko Mikhail R. - Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Hydraulics and Strength Department, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), 29 Politechnicheskaya s., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation.

Pages 935-943

Subject of research: the main heat loss occurs through the building fence. In the paper, the object of research is enclosing structures with different thermal conductivity. The problem of moisture accumulation in the wall is quite relevant. One of the main problems in construction is saving on building materials and improper design of building envelope. This in turn leads to a violation of the heat and humidity regime in the wall. This paper presents one of the methods to address this issue. Purpose: description of heat and humidity conditions in the wall fence of high-rise buildings. It is also necessary to analyze the relationship between the thermophysical characteristics. Materials and methods: the temperature distribution in the layers will be analyzed on the basis of the structure consisting of 10 layers; the layer thickness is 0.05 m. Materials with different thermal conductivity were used. Each subsequent layer differed in thermal conductivity from the previous one by 0.01. Next, these layers are mixed. The calculation of the humidity regime includes finding the temperature distribution along the thickness of the fence at a given temperature of the outside air. The quality factor of the temperature distribution is the maximum average temperature. This research are conducted in the field of energy efficiency. Results: the higher the average wall temperature, the lower the air temperature differs from the wall temperature. In addition, the higher the average temperature of the wall, the drier the surface inside the wall. However, moisture accumulates on the surface inside the room. The working capacity of multilayer enclosing structures is determined by the temperature distribution and distribution of moisture in the layers. Conclusions: moisture movement through the fence is due to the difference in the partial pressure of water vapor contained in the indoor and outdoor air. A layer with minimal thermal conductivity should be located on the outer surface of the wall in a multi-storey building. The maximum change in the amplitude of temperature fluctuations is observed in the layer adjacent to the surface by periodic thermal effects. It is also taken into account that the process of heat absorption has a great influence on the temperature change in the thickness of the wall fence to the greatest extent within the layer of sharp fluctuations (outer layer). The Central part of the wall (bearing layer) will be the driest. These calculations are satisfied with the design of the ventilated facade.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.8.935-943

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