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ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT. RESTRUCTURING AND RESTORATION

Integration problems of the old and the new in urban space development

Vestnik MGSU 6/2014
  • Azatyan Karen Rubenovich - National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia (NUACA) Candidate of Architecture, Associate Professor, Department of Architectural Drafting and Architectural Environment Design, National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia (NUACA), 105 Teryan str., Yerevan, 0009, Armenia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Engoyan Anna Robertovna - National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia (NUACA) Candidate of Architecture, Associate Professor, Department of Architectural Drafting and Architectural Environment Design, National University of Architecture and Construction of Armenia (NUACA), 105 Teryan str.,Yerevan, 0009, Armenia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 7-16

The article discusses some problems of combination of old and new elements of urban space development, positive interaction of which significantly contributes to the unity and originality of architectural and artistic image of a city. The сonstantly evolving complex structure of the city exists not only in space but also in time. With the time the spatial structure of the city changes, as well as the ideas about aesthetic values and the problems of combination of nonsimultaneous formation elements arise. In the article the problems are considered from several points of view: interaction of the old and the new, formation of the historical monuments, their estimation, protection and integration to the new system. Research and analysis of some integration problems of old and new in the development of urban space lead to the following main conclusions. In a complex system of a city the coexistence process of structures is important, created in different times - the integration of old and new, which forms the unity of the urban environment. Integration of old and new, where the old acquires new qualities and the new is in harmony with the old, forms the historical layers, which give the ability to perceive the city in time. The time factor, saturating these layers, gives the city a personality and creates a link between the past, the present and the future via physical structures. In the integration of old and new artistic image formation based on contrasting expressiveness is essential, which is also advisable in case of ensuring the compositional and artistic communication between new buildings and historic zones. In the structure of the city not only unique monuments are valuable, but also their later additions and ordinary building complexes, which are the elements that form the environment and conditions of its perception, express the characteristic features of a certain period and complement the multi-layered artistic image. The combination of old and new is more effective coexisting in the interconnected system of urban processes of layers, created in different times, where a rethought historic building changes the relationship with the environment, gets a new meaning, becomes viable, expands the artistic potential of the new ensemble and associates with the area and its history. Process of the protection of historical environment and facilities in the city should always be considered in a unified approach with the tasks of reconstruction and the formation of new complexes. Protection and reconstruction process should include a wide range of approaches. Task of protecting an individual object, its parts or the building complex, individually defined for each case, contributes to the saturation of the image, where the introduction of the elements of different periods illuminates the process of changes within long time period. In the case of the introduction of the new in the old, modern architectural form should be converted into a part of the formed structure, must not violate the general while showing individuality, but saturate its historical diversity and preserve the opportunity for further development, the formation of flexible composition systems capable to transformation, is an ongoing task in present.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.6.7-16

References
  1. Dutsev M.V. Sovremennyy gorod kak prostranstvo dialoga [Modern City as a Space of Dialogue]. Sovremennaya arkhitektura mira [Modern Architecture of the World]. Issue 2, Мoscow, Nestor-Istoriya Publ., 2012, pp. 221—244.
  2. Rashidyan G.H. Glavnaya ploshchad’ Erevana vo vremeni i prostranstve [Main Square of Yerevan in Time and Space]. Yerevan, EGUAS Publ., 2007, 155 p.
  3. Zeidler E.N. Mnogofunktsional’naya arkhitektura [Multi-use Architecture]. Мoscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1988, 151 p.
  4. Gutnov A.E. Mir arkhitektury [World of Architecture]. Мoscow, Molodaya gvardiya Publ., 1985, 352 p.
  5. Ikonnikov A.V. Arkhitektura goroda [The City's Architecture]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1972, 215 p.
  6. Ikonnikov A.V. Prostranstvo i forma v arkhitekture i gradostroitel’stve [Space and Form in Architecture and Urban Planning]. Мoscow, KomKniga Publ., 2006, 352 p.
  7. Gel’fond A.L. Arkhitecturnaya tipologiya v aspekte zhiznennogo tsikla zdaniya [Architectural Typology in Terms of the Life Cycle of the Building]. ACADEMIA. 2011, no. 2, pp. 40—47.
  8. Schroeder U. Variabel nutzbare Hauser und Wohnungen. Bauverlag GmbH. Weisbaden und Berlin. 1980.
  9. Samoylov Yu.G. Besedy o professii arkhitektora [Talks on the Profession of an Architect]. N. Novgorod, N. Novgorod State University Publ., 1991, 96 p.
  10. Timokhov G.F. Modernizatsiya zhilykh zdaniy [Modernization of Residential Buildings]. Мoscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1986, 190 p.
  11. Linch K. The Image of the City. The MIT Press, 1ST edition, 1960.
  12. Frampton K. Modern Architecture: a Critical History. Thames & Hudson; Fourth Edition, 2007, 424 p.
  13. Azatyan K.R. Opyt modernizatsii zhiloy zastroyki pervykh desyatiletiy XX veka [The Experience of Modernization of Residential Development in the First Decades of XX Century]. Izvestiya soyuza stroiteley Armenii (sbornik nauchnykh trudov) [Bulletin of Builders’ Union of Armenia (Proceedings)]. Yerevan, 2013, no. 1—2 (185—186), pp. 53—63.
  14. Zumthor P. Thinking Architecture. Second, expanded edition / Published by Birkhauser. Basel — Boston — Berlin, 2006. P. 65.
  15. Rashidyan G.H. Tsentr Erevana — kakim emu byt’ v budushchem [The Center of Yerevan — How it Will Look Like in the Future]. Byulleten’ stroiteley Armenii [Bulletin the Builders of Armenia]. Yerevan, 1999, no. 3 (32), pp. 13—15.
  16. Dutsev M.V. Integral’naya kontseptsiya arkhitekturnoy sredy na primere gorodov Gollangii i Germanii [Integral Concept of Architectural Environment on the example of the Netherlands and Germany]. ACADEMIA. 2012, no. 4, pp. 12—20.

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Retrospective analysis and development prospects for the industrial waste management control systems

Vestnik MGSU 2/2015
  • Vaysman Yakov Iosifovich - Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU) Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Supervisor, Department of Environmental Protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU), 29 Komsomol’skiy prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Pugin Konstantin Georgievich - Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Automobiles and Production Machines, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU), 29 Komsomol’skiy prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 70-84

One of the most important issues of our time is the introduction of the resource saving technologies in the manufacturing process. Development and implementation of such technologies are constrained not only by the technical development of the industry, but also by the normative legal aspects of waste production. In order to identify all the significant factors increasing the attractiveness of resource production technologies introduction, it is necessary to examine the changes in the basic principles of the waste management systems in Russia and industrialized countries. The paper presents an analysis of the development of control systems in waste production from the stage of unmanaged education and uncontrolled waste disposal to the environment before transition to resource management. The urgency of the transition to resource management strategies in the field of waste management is discussed. As the best practice waste management deals with the experience of Germany and Austria, where individual integration elements of waste management system are implemented into the overall development strategy of the territory. In particular, it suggests that it is possible to deal more effectively with the strategic objective of minimizing the use of primary resources through better use of the resource potential of waste in the process of comprehensive utilization and recycling, including the sharing of heterogeneous waste. In Russia the implementation of such practices is difficult due to the isolation of Territorial Administration from the businesses located in the area. Basing on the analysis of the systems of waste management the basic requirements for the control system of waste management were set out in order to achieve environmental targets, efficient environmental management and sustainable development of the area. Control systems in waste management must meet the following requirements: be environment-friendly (to ensure an acceptable level of technological environmental load generated during the waste management); preventive (provide conventional hierarchical order of waste management); integrated into the overall strategy for environmentally friendly state and further sustainable socio-economic development of the territory.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.2.70-84

References
  1. 1. Brunner P. The Need for Final Sinks. From Sanitary to Sustainable Landfilling: Why, How, and When? Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Final Sinks. Ed J. Fellner. Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Water Quality, Waste and Resources Management, 23—25 September, 2010, TU Vienna, pp. 1—3.
  2. Cossu R. Role of Landfilling in Solid Waste Management. Sanitary Landfilling: Process, Technology and Environmental Im¬pact. London, Academic Press, 1994, pp. 29—49.
  3. Goran V., Bojan B., Nemanja S., Dejan U. From Landfill to 3R, Pathway in Developed as Well in Developing Countries. From Sanitary to Sustainable Landfilling: Why, How, and When? Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Final Sinks. Ed J. Fellner. Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Water Quality, Waste and Resources Management, 23—25 September, 2010, TU Vienna, p. 77.
  4. Counh R., Trois C. Sustainable Landfilling through CDM Waste Composting in Developing Countries in Africa. From Sanitary to Sustainable Landfilling: Why, How, and When? Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Final Sinks. Ed J. Fellner. Vienna University of Technology, Institute for Water Quality, Waste and Resources Management, 23—25 September, 2010, TU Vienna, pp. 73—76.
  5. Baccini P., Bader H.-P. Regionaler Stoffhaushalt: Erfassung, Bewertung und Steuerung (Regional metabolism: Analysis, Evaluation and Design). Heidelberg, Spektrum Akad. Verl. GmbH, 1996, 420 p.
  6. Baccini P., Brunner P.H. Metabolism of the Anthroposphere: Analysis, Evaluation, Design. MIT Press, 2012, 392 p.
  7. Klee R.J., Graedel T.E. Elemental Cycles: A Status Report on Human or Natural Dominance. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 2004, vol. 29, pp. 69—107. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.energy.29.042203.104034.
  8. Zinchenko E.A., Ismailov Sh.S. Pravovye osnovy normirovaniya obrashcheniy s opasnymi otkhodami proizvodstva i potre¬bleniya [Legal Foundamentals for Setting the Standards in Dangerous Production and Consumer Waste Management]. Pravovaya kul’tura [Legal Culture]. 2013, no. 1 (14), pp. 142—145. (In Russian)
  9. Lyashenko V.I., Dyadechkin N.I. Razvitie tekhnologiy i tekhnicheskikh sredstv obrashcheniya s otkhodami uranovogo proiz¬vodstva [Development of Technologies and Technical Devices of Uranium Production Waste Management]. Gornyy zhurnal [Mining Journal]. 2013, no. 4, pp. 82—87. (In Russian)
  10. Ponomarev M.V. Tendentsii i perspektivy sovershenstvovaniya zakonodatel’stva v sfere obrashcheniya s otkhodami proiz¬vodstva i potrebleniya [Tendencies and Prospects of Legislation Improvement in the Field of Prodiction and Consumer Waste Man¬agement]. Zhurnal rossiyskogo prava [Journal of Russian Law]. 2013, no. 4 (196), pp. 22—32. (In Russian)
  11. Ibatullin R.U., Ibatullina S.M. Obrashchenie s otkhodami proizvodstva ot optimizatsii deyatel’nosti predpriyatiya k resheniyu strategicheskikh zadach [Production Waste Management from Enterprise Optimization to Solving Strategic Problems]. Ekonomika i upravlenie [Economy and Management]. 2013, no. 4 (114), pp. 81—85. (In Russian)
  12. Panina I.A. Problemy obrashcheniya s otkhodami proizvodstva i potrebleniya v Rossii i opyt Evropeyskogo soyuza [Problems of Production and Consumer Waste Management in Russia and Experience of the European Union]. Vestnik Evraziyskoy akademii administrativnykh nauk [Proceedings of Eurasian Academy of Administrative Sciences]. 2013, no. 3 (24), pp. 129—134. (In Russian)
  13. Oreshkin D.V. Problemy stroitel’nogo materialovedeniya i proizvodstva stroitel’nykh materialov [Problems of Construction Materials Science and Production of Construction Materials]. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010, no. 11, pp. 6—9. (In Russian)
  14. Telichenko V.I., Gutenev V.V., Slesarev M.Yu. Podkhody k interpretatsii sistem upravleniya ekologicheskoy bezopasnost’yu v stroitel’stve [Interpretation Approaches of the Control Systems of Ecological Safety in Construction]. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territoriy [Ecology of the Urbanized Territories]. 2006, no. 2, pp. 4—12. (In Russian)
  15. Kuznetsov S.N., Volynkina E.P. Integrirovannaya model’ i programma dlya strategicheskogo planirovaniya upravleniya TBO na regional’nom i mestnom urovnyakh [Integrated Model and Program for Strategic Planning of Municipal Solid Waste Manage¬ment on Regional and Local Levels]. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii [Ecology and Industry in Russia]. 2014, no. 6, pp. 43—47. (In Russian)
  16. Ulanova O.V., Starostina V.Yu. Kratkiy obzor metoda otsenki zhiznennogo tsikla produktsii i sistem upravleniya otkhodami [Brief Review of Estimation Method for the Life Cyrcle of Products and Waste Management Systems]. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya [Contemporary Problems of Science and Education]. 2012, no. 4. Available at: http://www.science-education.ru/104-6799. (In Russian)
  17. Boravskaya T.V. Reglamentatsiya obrashcheniya s otkhodami v Rossii i OESR [Regulation of Waste Management in Russia and OECD]. Tverdye bytovye otkhody [Municipal Solid Waste]. 2014, no. 6 (96), pp. 35—39. (In Russian)
  18. Boravskaya T.V. Reglamentatsiya obrashcheniya s otkhodami v Rossii i OESR [Regulation of Waste Management in Russia and OECD]. Tverdye bytovye otkhody [Municipal Solid Waste]. 2014, no. 7 (97), pp. 41—44. (In Russian)
  19. Brunner P.H., Rechberge H. Practical Handbook of Material Flow Analysis. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL, 2003, 332 p.
  20. Brunner P.H. Reshaping Urban Metabolism. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2007, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 11—13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jie.2007.1293.
  21. Brunner P.H. Regionaler Stoffhaushalt: Erfassung, Bewertung, Steuerung [Regional Materials Management: Analysis, Eval¬uation, Control]. Journal of Industrial Ecology. 2000, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 145—146.
  22. Mastellone M.L., Brunner P.H., Arena U. Scenarios of Waste Management for a Waste Emergency Area. Journal of Industrial Ecology Special Issue: Applications of Material Flow Analysis. October 2009, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 735—757.
  23. Pugin K.G. Voprosy ekologii ispol’zovaniya tverdykh otkhodov chernoy metallurgii v stroitel’nykh materialakh [Ecological Issues of Applying Iron Industry Solid Waste in Construction Materials]. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012, no. 8, pp. 54—56. (In Russian)
  24. Pugin K.G.,Vaysman Y.I., Potapov A.D., Oreshkin D.V. Development of the Technology of a Simultaneous Untilization of Heterogenous Industrial Wastes for a Construction Materials Production. Modern Applied Science. 2015, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 51—58. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n1p51.
  25. Pugin K.G., Vaysman Y.I. Methodological Approaches to Development of Ecologically Safe Usage Technologies of Ferrous In-dustry Solid Waste Resource Potential. World Applied Sciences Journal. 2013, no. 22, Special Issue on Techniques and Technologies, pp. 28—33. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.22.tt.22135.

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PRINCIPLES OF OVERALL ARCHITECTURAL ORGANIZATION OF SPACE OF ROADSIDE SERVICE FACILITIES IN BELARUS

Vestnik MGSU 5/2018 Volume 13
  • Malkov Igor’ Georgievich - Belarusian State University of Transport (BelSUT) Doctor of Architecture, Professor, Head of Department of Architecture, Academician of the Belarusian Academy of Architecture, Belarusian State University of Transport (BelSUT), 34 Kirova str., Gomel, 246653, Republic of Belarus.
  • Evstratenko Anzhelika Vladimirovna - Belarusian State University of Transport (BelSUT) Master, Assistant of the Department of Architecture, Belarusian State University of Transport (BelSUT), 34 Kirova str., Gomel, 246653, Republic of Belarus; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 568-578

Subject: the structure and architectural-spatial solution of the roadside service facilities along the motor roads of national importance of Belarus in relation to peculiarities of their location and the proposed methods of integration. In this article, methods of integration, into the existing landscape, of roadside service facilities in various parts of the terrain along the highways of national importance in Belarus are presented. The characteristic structure and features of these facilities are determined depending on the proposed methods of integration. Recommendations for their placement and architectural-spatial solution are given. A typical block of premises in the structure of the facilities under consideration was identified. Recommendations on the use of the obtained results are given. Objectives: determination of structure and overall architectural organization of roadside service facilities in Belarus in relation to their placement conditions. Materials and methods: the work was performed by systematization, structural and comparative analysis and generalization of data obtained during field surveys of roadside service facilities, which are located along the motor roads of national importance in Belarus, as well as by interviewing the traffic participants. During the field surveys, photographic and grapho-analytical methods were used. Moreover, a genetic analysis was carried out, a method of theoretical generalization of published materials was applied. Results: the principles and conditions for integration in relation to location of roadside service facilities of Belarus, as well as the structure and some features of the overall architectural solution of the facilities are determined according to the proposed methods. A typical block and an atypical group of premises for the facilities under consideration are identified. Conclusions: the theoretical and methodological foundations of facility placement have been developed, the characteristic structure and features of the overall architectural solution have been revealed, which makes it possible to implement more substantiated and objective solutions with respect to development of the roadside service network. The proposed classification can be used as the basis for architectural-artistic and space-planning solution of the roadside facility. In addition, this concept can be used to develop a list of requirements for appearance of service facilities under construction and for regulation of their architectural and spatial solutions.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.5.568-578

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