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Kuznetsova Yana Agzamovna -
Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SGASU)
194 Molodogvardeyskaya st., Samara, 443001, Russian Federation; +7 (846) 242-52-21., Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SGASU), ;
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The author focuses on the issues of arrangement and positioning of main streets in the urban structure. Principles of organization of main streets, identified on the basis of Russian and foreign examples and differentiated with respect to central, middle and peripheral areas of the city, are analyzed in detail. The aforementioned principles, specified by the author, are considered as a means for (1) the revival of the urban social activity, and (2) the increase of the attractiveness of near-highway areas for pedestrians. Each of the above principles is implemented in varied areas of cities; however the most frequently used principles are: pedestrian accessibility, urban space unity, priority of pedestrians, subordination of new structures to the architectural heritage in the central areas of cities;easy transport accessibility, anthropocentricity, functional intensity, comfortable urban environment in the middle areas of cities;traffic safety, aesthetic quality of the urban environment, intensive use of the underground space in peripheral areas of cities.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.6.29-34
References
- Glazychev V.L. Urbanistika [City Studies]. Moscow, Evropa Publ., 2008, 200 p.
- James M. Daisa ITE Committee Report. Summary Context Sensitive Solutions in Designing Major Urban Thoroughfares for Walkable Communities: an ITE proposed recommended practice. West Washington, DC, 2005, 215 p.
- Bunin A.V., Savarenskaya T.F. Istoriya gradostroitel’nogo iskusstva [History of Art of Urban Planning]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1979, 412 p.
- Babkov V.F. Sovremennye avtomobil’nye magistrali [Contemporary Highways]. Transport Publ., 1974, 208 p.
- Baranova T.V., Kosenkova N.A. Synthetic image of orthodox architecture in the Middle Volga. Sacred architecture in shaping the identity of place. Politechnika Lubelska. Lublin, 2006. Pð. 149—157.
- Saryev M.B., Koval’ M.V., Lakhmanyuk V.B., Satyshev S.N. Proektirovanie v sfere organizatsii dorozhnogo dvizheniya — zarubezhnyy opyt [Road Traffic Design: International Experience]. Molodoy uchenyy [Young scientist] 2011, no. 4, vol. 3, pp. 107—109.
- Vuchik V.R. Transport v gorodakh udobnykh dlya zhizni [Transports in the Cities That Are Comfortable for Living]. Moscow, Territoriya budushchego publ., 2011, 576 p.
- Community Design Collaborative. Commercial Corridors. Revitalizing urban neighborhoods through innovative design. Philadelphia LISC. Available at http://cdesignc.org/p_4119c.htm. Date of access: April 6, 2013.
- Ikonnikov A.V. Formirovanie gorodskoy sredy [Formation of the Urban Environment]. Moscow, Znanie Publ., 1973, 64 p., 16 p. (Exhibit).
- Design Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A Context Sensitive Approach. Institute of Transportation Engineers, West Washington, DC 20005, 215 p.
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Frolov Vladimir Pavlovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Philosophy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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.
Monasteries, their activity and lifestyle have always played an important role in the culture of various nations. Monasteries are objects of cultural heritage. Their architecture is connected with national features on a nation, particular canons of Christian (orthodox, catholic), Buddhistic or other religion. The article describes ancient monasteries in Russia amid the global development, historical national characteristics monasteries are analyzed, as well as architectural ensembles, reflecting the function and role of monasteries in public life, showing their spiritual and cultural heritage, monastic tradition, the historical value of the monastic landscape and its conservation conditions, the inclusion of the monasteries in the world cultural heritage is noted.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.6.35-43
References
- Bol'shaya illyustrirovannaya entsiklopediya [Big Illustrated Encyclopedia]. In 32 volumes. Moscow, AST, Astrel' Publ., 2010, vol. 18, p. 143.
- Komech A.I. Russkie monastyri. Istoriya i kul'tura X—XVII stoletiya [Russian Monasteries. History and Culture of X—XVII Centuries]. Moscow, Art-BMB Publ., 2001, p. 21.
- Klyuchevskiy V.O. Skazanie inostrantsev o Moskovskom gosudarstve [Legend of Foreigners about Muscovy]. Moscow, Prometey Publ., 1991, p. 167.
- Antonova L.V., Titova T.V. Arkhitekturnye shedevry Rossii [Architectural Masterpieces of Russia]. Moscow, Dom Slavyanskoy Knigi Publ., 2009, p. 44.
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- Likhachev D.S., Savitskaya O.D. Arkhitekturno-khudozhestvennye pamyatniki [Solovetskikh ostrovov [Architectural and Artistic Monuments of the Solovetsky Islands]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1980, p. 32.
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- Molokova T.A. Svyatitel' Filipp — patriot i stroitel' pravoslavnoy Rossii [St Philip — Patriot and Builder of Russian Orthodox]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2006, pp. 18, 20.
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- Maksakovskiy V.P. Vsemirnoe kul'turnoe nasledie [World Cultural Heritage]. Moscow, Eko-pros Publ., 2000, p. 381.
- Arenkova Yu.I., Mekhova G.I. Donskoy monastyr' [Don Monastery]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1970, p. 67.
- Petrova E.N. Russkie monastyri. Iskusstvo i traditsii [Russian Monasteries. Art and Traditions]. Saint Petersburg, Palace Edition, 1997, p. 112.
- Chelnokov A. Pokrovskiy stavropigial'nyy zhenskiy monastyr' u Pokrovskoy zastavy [Intercession Pokrovsky Monastery]. Moscow, Pokrovskiy stavropigial'nyy zhenskiy monastyr' Publ., 2010, p. 57.
- Shchenkov A.S., editor. Arkhitekturnoe nasledie na rubezhe XX—XXI vekov: Problemy restavratsii i okhrany naslediya [Architectural Heritage in 20—21st Centuries. Moscow, KRASAND Publ., 2010, p. 51.
- Pokrovskaya E.N., Koval'chuk Yu.L. Biokorroziya, sokhranenie pamyatnikov istorii i arkhitektury [Biocorrosion, Preservation of Historical Monuments and Architecture. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2013, p. 28, 57.
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Frolov Vladimir Pavlovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Philosophy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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.
The interest to Domenico Gilardi, one of the leaders of Moscow classicism and Empire, to his masterpieces and geography of architectural heritage is expressed in different investigations. Russian and foreign scientists pay great attention to the features of his works, his place in the classical style and influence of the Italian school. One of the most important aspects of the architect’s creative work is urban planning, and especially his participation in creation of the architectural ensembles of Moscow, city-forming qualities of separate buildings. The article is dedicated to the 230th anniversary of the birthday and the 170th anniversary of the death of an architect Domenico Gilardi. The article discusses architectural features and creative ways of D. Gilardi, special attention is paid to his urban planning activity in Moscow, his contribution to the historic development of the capital city is analyzed. On the example of specific buildings and structures, which eventually became historical-cultural monuments of Moscow, the author shows the activity of the architect in a complex historical period of the city’s reconstruction after the fire of 1812. The author concludes that the main buildings of the architect D. Gilardi are still among the best examples of the architecture of the Russian Empire.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.8.41-50
References
- Arkhitektura i gradostroitel’stvo. Entsiklopediya [Architecture and Urban Planning. Encyclopedia]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 2001, p. 412. (In Russian)
- Bol’shaya Rossiyskaya entsiklopediya [Great Russian Encyclopedia]. Moscow, BRE Publ., 2008, vol. 10, 767 p. (In Russian)
- Bol’shaya illyustrirovannaya entsiklopediya : v 32 tt. [Big Illustrated Encyclopedia : in 32 volumes]. Moscow, AST : Astrel’ Publ., 2010, vol. 10 : EVR-IZ, 504 p. (Arguments and Facts) (In Russian)
- Lasunsky O.G., editor. Voronezhskaya istoriko-kul’turnaya entsiklopediya. VIKE. Personalii [Voronezh Historical and Cultural Encyclopedia. VICE. Personalities]. 2nd edition, revised. Voronezh, Tsentr dukhovnogo vozrozhdeniya Chernozemnogo kraya Publ., 2009, 456 p. (In Russian)
- Tvortsy tekhniki i gradostroiteli Moskvy (do nachala XX veka) [Creators of Technology and Urban Planning of Moscow (The Beginning of the 20th Century)]. Moscow, Yanus-K, 2002, 376 p. (Masters of Science and Education of Moscow — 18—20 in Portraits and Characters) (In Russian)
- Arkhitekturnye ansambli Moskvy XV — nachala XX vekov. Printsipy khudozhestvennogo edinstva [Architectural Ensembles of Moscow of the 15th — early 20th Centuries. Principles of Artistic Unity]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1997, 472 p. (Russian Urban Planning Art) (In Russian)
- Grabar’ I.E. Dementiy Ivanovich Zhilyardi i ego shkola [Domenico Gilardi and his School]. Istoriya russkogo iskusstva [History of Russian Art]. Moscow, I. Knebel Publ., 1910, vol. 1. Arkhitektura. Dopetrovskaya epokha [Architecture. Pre-Peter Epoch]. Pp. 42—43. (In Russian)
- Yaralov Yu.S., Zemtsov S.M., editors. Zodchie Moskvy [Architects of Moscow]. Book 1. Moscow, Moskovskiy rabochiy Publ., 1981, 302 p. (In Russian)
- Molokova T.A., editor. Praviteli Rossii i razvitie stroitel’stva [The Rulers of Russia and the Development of Construction]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2012, 296 p. (In Russian)
- Nikolaev E.V. Klassicheskaya Moskva. Ocherki arkhitektury moskovskogo klassitsizma i ampira [Classic Moscow. Essays on the Architecture of Moscow Classicism and Empire]. Moscow, Editorial URSS Publ., 2010, 272 p. (In Russian)
- Molokova T.A. Vosstanovlenie Moskvy posle pozhara 1812 g.: novyy oblik goroda [Reconstruction of Moscow after the 1812 Fire of Moscow: New Look of the City]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 6, pp. 17—22. (In Russian)
- Molokova T.A., Frolov V.P. Vliyanie ital’yanskoy arkhitektury na gradostroitel’stvo Rossii [Influence of Italian Architecture on Urban Planning of Russia]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 4, pp. 128—134. (In Russian)
- Angelini P., Navone N., Pfister A. Architetti neoclassici ticinesi fra Neva e Moscova: i fondi grafici degli archivi Adamini e Gilardi, catalogo della mostra (Venezia, 21 aprile — 20 maggio 2001). Fondazione Giorgio Cini — Archivio del Moderno, Accademia di Architettura, Università della Svizzera italiana, Venezia — Mendrisio, 2001, pp. 19—53, 87—90.
- Navone N., Tedeschi L. Dal mito al progetto. La cultura architettonica dei maestri italiani e ticinesi nella Russia neoclassica. Mendrisio : Mendrisio Academy Press, 2004, pp. 629—663.
- Pfister A., Angelini P. Gli architetti Gilardi a Mosca. La raccolta dei disegni conservati in Ticino. Mendrisio, Mendrisio Academy Press, 2006, 244 p.
- Il’in M., editor. Moskva: Pamyatniki arkhitektury XVIII –— pervoy treti XIX veka [The Architectural Monuments of 18th — the first third of the 19th Century]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1973, 354 p. (In Russian)
- Evsina N.A. Arkhitekturnaya teoriya Rossii vtoroy poloviny XVIII — nachala XX vv. [Architectural Theory of Russia of the 2nd Half of the 18th — early 10th Centuries]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1985, 316 p. (In Russian)
- Rzyanin M.I. Arkhitekturnye ansambli Moskvy i Podmoskov’ya XIV—XIX vekov [Architectural Ensembles of Moscow and Moscow region of the 14th — 19th Centuries]. M. : Stroyizdat, 1950. 232 p. (In Russian)
- Bykovtseva P. Zhilyardi — Gagarin — Gor’kiy. Dom na Povarskoy 25-a [House on Povarskaya 25A]. Moscow, Imli RAN Publ., 2003, 114 p. (In Russian)
- Korobko M.Yu. Usad’ba Kuz’minki [Estate Kuzminki]. Moscow, Veche Publ., 2009, 88 p. (Usad’by, dvortsy, osobnyaki Moskvy) (In Russian)
- Beletskaya E.I., Pokrovskiy Z.K. Zhilyardi [Gilardi]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1990, 168 p. (In Russian)
- Kirichenko E.I. Khram Khrista Spasitelya v Moskve. Istoriya proektirovaniya i sozdaniya sobora. Stranitsy zhizni i gibeli. 1913—1931 [The Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. History of Design and Creation. Pages of Life and Destruction]. Moscow, Planeta Publ., 1992, 280 p. (In Russian)
- Ikonnikov A.V. Tysyacha let russkoy arkhitektury : razvitie traditsiy [Thousand Years of Russian Architecture : Development of Traditions]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1990, 386 p. (In Russian)
- Arkin D.E. Obrazy arkhitektury i obrazy skul’ptury [Images of Architecture and Images of Sculpture]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1990, 399 p. (In Russian)
- Bartenev I.A., Batazhkova V.N. Ocherki istorii arkhitekturnykh stiley [Essays on the History of Architectural Styles]. Moscow, Izobrazitel’noe iskusstvo Publ., 1983, 392 p. (In Russian)
- Serbovelikov N.G. Vosstanovlenie kupola raboty znamenitogo D. Zhilyardi [Restoration of the Dome by famous D. Gilardi]. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo [Architecture and Construction]. 2006, no. 6, pp. 7—8. (In Russian)
- Komarova I.I. Arkhitektory. Kratkiy biograficheskiy slovar’ [Architects. Concise Biographical Dictionary]. Moscow, Ripol klassik Publ., 2000, 511 p. (Concise Biographical Dictionaries) (In Russian)
- Oleynichenko E.V. Knyaz’ S.M. Golitsyn — khozyain usad’by Kuz’minki [Prince S.M. Golitsyn — the owner of the Kuzminki estate]. Moscow, Veche Publ, 2008, 397 p. (In Russian)
- Samin D.K. Samye znamenitye zodchie Rossii [The Most Famous Architects of Russia]. Moscow, Veche Publ., 2004, 480 p. (In Russian)
- Filippova N.A. Formirovanie parkovoy struktury usad’by Kuz’minki — Vlakhernskoe [Formation of the landscape structure of the estate Kuzminki — Blachernae]. Russkaya usad’ba : Sbornik obshchestva izucheniya russkoy usad’by [Russian Estate. The Collection of The Society of Russian Manor Study]. Moscow, 1999, no. 5 (21), pp. 260—261. (In Russian)