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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES OF RUSSIA AND KAZAKHSTAN

Vestnik MGSU 7/2018 Volume 13
  • Shalbolova Urpash Zhaniyazovna - L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University (ENU) Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Department of Economics and Entrepreneurship, L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University (ENU), 5 K. Munaitpasova st., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan.
  • Silka Dmitriy Nikolaevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Economics and Management in Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
  • Kenzhegaliyeva Zita Zhanabaevna - L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University (ENU) PhD candidate, L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University (ENU), 5 K. Munaitpasova st., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan.
  • Egemberdiyeva Saule Meirbekovna - L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University (ENU) Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Department of Economics and Entrepreneurship, L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University (ENU), 5 K. Munaitpasova st., Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan.

Pages 836-846

Subject: economic development of housing and communal services is directly connected with implementation of the housing policy of the country, which is of great importance for the construction industry, the economy and the population. The deplorable state of utility networks and structures of resource-holding systems in Russia and Kazakhstan, inherited from the Soviet Union, basically did not meet the requirements of a sustainable and proper quality of provision of communal services. After acquiring independence in Russia and Kazakhstan, as in other post-Soviet countries, housing and communal services (housing and utilities) reform was implemented, massive privatization of the housing stock was carried out, which resulted in formation of a qualitatively new housing relations. At the same time, the past period has revealed certain disproportions in the development of housing relations, and as a result, a lot of problems have accumulated in the housing and communal sector that need to be addressed. In this regard, the relevance of the study aimed at conducting a comparative analysis of the development and the state of the housing and communal services of these countries is justified. The article assesses the current state and trends in the development of housing and communal services in Russia and Kazakhstan. This research was carried out within the framework of the scientific project APО05134552 «Economic evaluation of investment projects for modernization of housing and communal services of the Republic of Kazakhstan». Research objectives: conducting a comparative analysis of the development and condition of housing and communal services in Russia and Kazakhstan, and identifying problems related to the housing reform implemented in these countries and modernization of communal infrastructure. Materials and methods: the study used statistical data on the state of the housing stock and housing and communal services provided by the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation and the Statistics Agency of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This scientific study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of government programs implemented in the housing and communal services sector was based on the methods of analysis, induction, deduction, comparative and dialectical-logical approaches. Results: the assessment of the state of housing and communal services in Russia and Kazakhstan is given by the indicators assembled into the groups of the main sub-sectors of the housing and communal services - housing sub-sector and communal services sub-sector - for the 2010-2016 time period. Economic evaluation of the development of housing and communal services was based on the development of a set of quality indicators: 1) the proportion of emergency housing stock in the total area of the entire housing stock; 2) provision of the housing stock with the types of amenities (water supply, water disposal, heating, gas or electric stoves); 3) the level of housing provision for population; 4) accident rate in the networks; 5) loss of resources in the networks (water and heat). Conclusions: in the course of the study, it became possible to identify problematic issues that hinder the more successful development of the housing and communal sector in the analyzed countries. The conducted studies justify the need for sectoral reforms and an integrated system for assessing the development of housing and communal services in accordance with strategic policy and targeted state programs.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.7.836-846

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Identification of thermal comfort zone on residential premises in the dryhot climate of Central Asia

Vestnik MGSU 7/2013
  • Usmonov Shukhrat Zaurovich - Khujand Politechnic Institute of Tajik Technical University by academic M. Osimi (PITTU); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Senior Lecturer, Khujand Politechnic Institute of Tajik Technical University by academic M. Osimi (PITTU); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 226 Lenina st., Khujand, 735700, Tajikistan; applicant, Department of Architecture of Civil and Industrial Buildings; 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 152-156

Comfort inside buildings is dependent on temperature, humidity and other parameters. Usually the higher the temperature and humidity, the more people feel discomfort. However, if the internal relative humidity is low, the inhabitant also feels uncomfortable as a result. Headache, eye irritation, sore throat and dry skin are the symptoms of these dry conditions. Dry air reduces natural protection from bacteria, infections, and makes people vulnerable to attacks of viruses and other micro-organisms. In addition to the problems associated with low humidity, excessively high humidity can also cause problems. The optimal level of humidity in the room contributes significantly to the comfortable environment. Chill may be perceived differently at the same temperature with different values of air humidity in the room. Comfort is determined by the ratio of room temperature to humidity. The temperature perceived inside and dependent on the moisture content, is measured by the Humidex index.European regulations define a desirable range of relative humidity and comfort. The humidity-dependent zone of comfort rests within this range. High temperatures are less tolerable in the high humidity environment. Modeling results obtained before and after the renovation and modernization of a five-story residential building (105 series) in Khujand, Tajikistan, helped to define the ideal parameters of relative humidity and comfort. The author proposes an ideal ratio of relative humidity to comfort and demonstrates that the optimum humidity and temperature values contribute significantly to the comfort of a person in the hot, dry climate of Central Asia.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.7.152-156

References
  1. Schmidt R., Dipl. Ing., Nicolaysen T. Precision or Comfort Air Conditioning? Hamburg, 2006, STULZ GmbH, 6 p.
  2. ASHRAE Handbook. Fundamentals. 2005, pp. 8—17.
  3. Fanger P.O. Thermal Comfort Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering. New York, 1970, McGraw Hill, 244 p.
  4. Fanger P.O. Thermal comfort. Malabar, Florida, Robert E. Crieger publ., 1982.

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Simulation of energy demand for heating and cooling of a 5-storey residential buildingand evaluation of thermal conditions based on PMV and PPD thermal comfort indices

Vestnik MGSU 10/2013
  • Usmonov Shukhrat Zaurovich - Khujand Politechnic Institute of Tajik Technical University by academic M. Osimi (PITTU); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Senior Lecturer, Khujand Politechnic Institute of Tajik Technical University by academic M. Osimi (PITTU); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 226 Lenina st., Khujand, 735700, Tajikistan; applicant, Department of Architecture of Civil and Industrial Buildings; 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 216-229

The energy demand of a 5-storey residential building (a 105 series design structure built in 1980), located in the city of Khujand, Tajikistan, was simulated at the Fraunhofer Institute of Building Physics in Germany using WUFI+ software. The purpose of the simulation was to reduce the energy demand for its heating and cooling, as well as to ensure thermal comfort inside the building in the course of its reconstruction and modernization. Reconstruction and modernization of this residential building includes the construction of POLYALPAN ventilated façade, application of mineral wool insulation sheets, aerated concrete blocks, and replacement of old windows by the sealed double glazing.The analysis of micro-climatic parameters of this residential building is performed in furtherance of Category II of EN 15251 "Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics", and it is based on the comprehensive assessment of the values of heat indexes PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied). The research is based on the modeling pattern limiting the air temperature values on the premises during the heating period and reducing the energy demand for its heating through the employment of a heat exchanger. The findings prove that the analysis of micro-climatic parameters of buildings would benefit from the comprehensive and integrated assessment of the values of thermal comfort indexes PMV and PPD and from the evaluation of thermal insulation properties of clothes. Moreover, the findings demonstrate the need for development of national standards of the microclimate inside residential buildings. The research was based on the data simulating the climatic conditions in the northern region of Tajikistan during an extremely hot summer season and the optimum indoor air temperature of +24,3 °C instead of 20—22 °C. The research has proven that it is advisable to record the cooling data for five hottest months (May through September) instead of three, which is a common practice. The energy savings of 47,5 % were achieved using a 90 % efficient heat recovery procedure during the winter period when mechanical ventilation systems are in operation. Using heat exchangers after the renovation and modernization of residential buildings can significantly reduce the load on the heating system of a building.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.10.216-229

References
  1. Bulgakov S.N. Novye tekhnologii sistemnogo resheniya kriticheskikh problem gorodov [New Technologies for Comprehensive Resolution of Critical Urban Problems]. Izvestiya Vuzov: Stroitel’stvo [News of Institutions of Higher Education. Construction] 1998, no. 3, pp. 5—23.
  2. MKS ChT (SNiP RT) 23-02—2009. Teplovaya zashchita zdaniy. [MKS CHT (Construction Norms and Rules of the Republic of Tajikistan) 23-02—2009. Thermal Protection of Buildings].
  3. Nigmatov I.I. Proektirovanie zdaniy v regionakh s zharkim klimatom s uchetom energosberezheniy, mikroklimata i ekologii [Design of Buildings in Hot Climates with Account for Energy Saving, Microclimate, and Ecology]. Dushanbe, Irfon Publ., 2007, 303 p.
  4. ASHRAE Handbook. Fundamentals. SI Edition. 2005, pp. 8—17.
  5. Fanger P.O. Thermal Comfort Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1970, 244 p.
  6. Fanger P.O. Thermal Comfort. Robert E. Crieger, Malabar, Florida, 1982.
  7. Vatin N.I., Samoplyas T.V. Sistemy ventilyatsii zhilykh pomeshcheniy mnogokvartirnykh domov [Ventilation Systems for Living Spaces of Multiple-occupancy Buildings]. St.Petersburg, 2004, 66 p.
  8. Kompaniya AIRKON GRUPP. Vozdushnyy rekuperator tepla i vlagi EcoLuxe EC-3400H3 dlya sistem pritochno-vytyazhnoy ventilyatsii. [AIRKON GRUPP Company. Heat and Moisture Exchanger EcoLuxe EC-3400H3 for Combined Extract-and-input Systems]. Available at: http://www.climatexpo.ru/main/members/novelty/1216/. Date of access: 05.05.2013.
  9. EN 15251. Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics. May, 2007.
  10. Olesen B.W. Information paper on EN 15251 Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics. P. 114. Energy Performance of Buildings. CENSE, 15.02.2010, pp. 1—7.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF BARRIER CAPABILITIES OF SMALL MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN VOLOGDA REGION

Vestnik MGSU 12/2012
  • Kulakov Artem Alekseevich - Vologda State University (VoGU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Water supply and Waste Water Treatment, Vologda State University (VoGU), 15 Lenina str., Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 182 - 191

The findings of the research project that encompasses 137 small municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are presented in the paper. The source data for the research is the official statistical reporting according to Form № 2-TP (water) submitted in 2010, as well as the information on completed and approved projects that demonstrate admissible discharge standards.
The method of environmental assessment of barrier capabilities of municipal WWTP based on six major indicators (TSS, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P-PO43-) is proposed to ensure compliance with the present-day environmental standards.
The maximal likelihood of incompliance with the pre-set standards is demonstrated by phosphorus phosphate (97 %), ammonium nitrogen (95 %) and nitrite nitrogen (79 %). The substances that demonstrate their maximal excessive content in the wastewater include phosphorus phosphate (its content exceeds the admissible standard 18-fold), ammonium nitrogen (21.7-fold excess) and nitrite nitrogen (7.6-fold excess).This overview indicates a low possibility of compliance of the content of N-NH4+, N-NO2-, and P-PO43- with the environmental standards that extend to biological WWTPs.
The highest relative excess of the admissible content of admixtures is typical for the plants that have a design capacity of 600-800 m3/day and that process 50-200 m3/day. The lowest relative excess of the admissible content of admixtures is typical for the plants that have a design capacity of over 1,000 m3/day and that process over 500 m3/day. The average relative excess of the admissible content of admixtures for all plants equals to 8.4 times.
The ecological assessment of the barrier capabilities of small municipal WWTPs has proven that their compliance with the standards of admissible content of N-NH4+, N-NO2-, and P-PO43- in the wastewater is impossible to attain in practice.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.12.182 - 191

References
  1. Doklad o sostoyanii i okhrane okruzhayushchey sredy Vologodskoy oblasti v 2009 godu [Report on Condition and Protection of the Environment in Vologda Region in 2009]. Pravitel’stvo Vologodskoy oblasti, departament prirodnykh resursov i okhrany okruzhayushchey sredy Vologodskoy oblasti [Government of Vologda Region, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of Vologda Region]. Vologda, 2010, 236 p.
  2. Federal’nyy zakon ot 10.01.2002 ¹ 7-FZ «Ob okhrane okruzhayushchey sredy» [Federal Law no. 7-FZ of January 10, 2002 “About Environmental Protection”].
  3. Metodika razrabotki normativov dopustimykh sbrosov veshchestv i mikroorganizmov v vodnye ob”ekty dlya vodopol’zovateley: prikaz MPR RF ot 17 dekabrya 2007 g. ¹ 333 [Methodology of development of standards of admissible discharges of substances and microorganisms into water bodies to be complied with by water consumers. Decree no. 333 issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources on December 17, 2007].
  4. Ponamoreva L.S. Rekomendatsii po primeneniyu «Metodiki razrabotki normativov dopustimykh sbrosov veshchestv i mikroorganizmov v vodnye ob”ekty dlya vodopol’zovateley» [Recommendations concerning development of standards of admissible discharges of substances and microorganisms into water bodies to be complied with by water consumers]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika [Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering]. 2009, no. 2, pp. 4—15.
  5. Kulakov A.A., Lebedeva E.A., Umarov M.F. Issledovanie bar’ernykh vozmozhnostey traditsionnoy biologicheskoy ochistki stochnykh vod na osnove tekhnologicheskogo modelirovaniya [Research of Barrier Capabilities of Traditional Methods of Biological Treatment of Wastewater Using Process Modeling Techniques]. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii [Ecology and Industry of Russia]. 2010, no. 11, pp. 33—36.
  6. Gogina E.S. Udalenie biogennykh elementov iz stochnykh vod [Removal of Biogenic Elements from the Wastewater]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2010, 120 p.
  7. Federal’nyy zakon ot 07.12.2011 ¹ 416-FZ «O vodosnabzhenii i vodootvedenii» [Federal Law no. 416-FZ of December 07, 2011 “On Water Supply and Water Discharge”].
  8. Colmenarejo M.F., Rubio A., Sa?nchez E., Vicente J., Garc??a M.G., Borja R. Evaluation of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Technologies at Las Rozas, Madrid (Spain). Journal of Environmental Management. 2006, no. 81, pp. 399—404.
  9. Tsagarakis K.P., Mara D.D., Angelakis A.N. Wastewater Management in Greece: Experience and Lessons for Developing Countries. Water Science and Technology. 2001, no. 6, vol. 44, pp. 166—172.
  10. Tsagarakis K.P., Mara D.D., Nolan N.J., Angelakis A.N. Small Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in Greece. Water Science and Technology, 2000, no. 1, vol. 41, pp. 41—48.
  11. Directive 91/271/EEC of 21.05.1991. Urban waste water treatment.
  12. Kulakov A.A., Lebedeva E.A. Razrabotka inzhenernykh resheniy po modernizatsii ochistnykh sooruzheniy kanalizatsii na osnove tekhnologicheskogo modelirovaniya [Development of Engineering Solutions Aimed at Modernization of Wastewater Treatment Facilities]. Vodoochistka [Water Treatment]. 2011, no. 12, pp. 10—19.

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Factors affecting formation of space planning solutions as part of reconstruction of multifunctional medical facilities

Vestnik MGSU 9/2012
  • Tesler Nadezhda Dmitrievna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) assistant, Department of Design of Buildings, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Malykha Galina Gennadevna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chair, Department of Construction Informatics 8 (495) 781-80-07, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Petrunin Vadim Viktorovich - Giprokon L-D Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy General Director in charge of Medical Facilities 8 (495) 933-87-21, Giprokon L-D, 7 Gilyarovskogo St., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 48 - 54

The article deals with the problems that accompany reconstruction of multifunctional medical
facilities (MMF). This subject is highly relevant in Russia, as the majority of these institutions need
modernization and refurbishment. There is a need to develop an optimal algorithm of reconstruction
design development and to identify the factors that affect the formation of space-planning solutions
associated with the reconstruction.
The first step of the algorithm may be the analysis of the current condition of the facility, or the
medical technological survey (MTS). Its objective is to obtain the data concerning the structure of
the facility: its realistic unit structure, its occupied work areas, specialization of its units, exact names
and location of all rooms, regular staffing. The second step is the formation of medical technological
objectives (MTO). At this step, the post-reconstruction structure of the medical facility may be
determined, including the identification of the main functional zones, qualitative and quantitative
characteristics and types of basic technological and engineering items of equipment to be installed
there. An integral part of the MTO is the programme of useful floor area of the MMF. This document
is to enlist all premises of the facility, including their normative dimensions. This programme may
be used to find out the preliminary total area of the construction facility. The next step is formation of space-planning solutions. As an example, the authors describe the reconstruction of the
N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre in Moscow. Based on the research performed by the authors,
the following factors affecting the formation of space planning solutions are identified:
1. Deficiency of useful space in the existing functional units of the MMF, determined on the
basis of the MTO.
2. Need for the future development of the MMF identified jointly with the management of the
health facility and based on the analysis of the situation and identification of top-priority development
objectives.
3. Functional zoning of the MMF.
4. Size, shape and topography of the territory to be restructured.
5. Alternative urban planning solutions for consideration.
6. Regulatory requirements applicable to the design of medical facilities.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.9.48 - 54

References
  1. Kas’yanov V.F., Tabakov N.A. Opyt zarubezhnykh stran v oblasti rekonstruktsii gorodskoy zastroyki [International Experience in Reconstruction of the Urban Built Environment] Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 8, pp. 21—27.
  2. Bokov A.V. Sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya material’no-tekhnicheskoy bazy zdravookhraneniya [Status and Prospects for Development of the Material and Technical Base of the Healthcare]. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo [Industrial and Civil Engineering]. 2008, no. 8, pp. 13—15.
  3. Annex to the Resolution of Moscow Government of October 4, 2011, no. 461-PP “Moscow State Programme for the Mid-term Period (2012-2016). Development of Healthcare in Moscow (Healthcare in the Capital)”. Available at: http://www.government.ru. Date of access: 15.06.2012.
  4. Chand S., Architecture and the Hospital. Architecture Australia. 2002, vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 64—65.
  5. Yas’kova N.Yu., Karasik D.M. Programmno-tselevye metody razvitiya stroitel’stva. Sovremennyy format gorodskikh tselevykh programm [Programme-oriented Methods of Construction Development. Contemporary Format of Target-Oriented Urban Development Programmes]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 3, pp. 182—186.
  6. Reference materials designated for the meeting of the Russian Federation Government of September 23, 2010, concerning the main priorities of the social and economic development of the Russian Federation in 2011—2013. Available at: http://www.government.ru. Date of access: 06.06.2012.
  7. Federal target investment program for 2012 and for the period of 2013 and 2014. Available at: http://www.government.ru. Date of access: 06.06.2012.
  8. Gel’fond A.L. Arkhitekturnoe proektirovanie obshchestvennykh zdaniy i sooruzheniy [Architectural Design of Public Buildings and Structures]. Ìoscow, Arkhitektura-S Publ., 2006, 241 p.
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DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY OF MODERNIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

Vestnik MGSU 11/2012
  • Gogina Elena Sergeevna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Waste Water Treatment and Water Ecology, +7 (495) 730-62-53, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Kulakov Artem Alekseevich - Vologda State University (VoGU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Water supply and Waste Water Treatment, Vologda State University (VoGU), 15 Lenina str., Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 204 - 209

This paper addresses the biological treatment of wastewater associated with removal of nitrogen.
Results of laboratory experiments that involve nitrification and denitrification are also presented
and analyzed in the paper.
Discharges of inadequately treated and untreated wastewater have a negative impact on
the aquatic ecosystem. The biological treatment of the wastewater that includes denitrification is
strongly influenced by external factors. They need thorough research at the stage of design of water
treatment facilities.
The objective of this research is development of effective construction technologies on the
basis of experimental studies with a view to the modernization of biological wastewater treatment facilities.
The analysis of the latest scientific papers on water treatment demonstrates that the singlesludge
nitrification and denitrification technology is the most effective and the simplest one in terms
of its implementation.
The studies were conducted at the research laboratory of Moscow State University of Civil
Engineering. The laboratory facilities make it possible to perform the processes of nitrification, denitrifiation and sedimentation. The composition of the wastewater used in the experiment was close
to that of the natural wastewater.
Optimal process parameters of a wastewater treatment plant, including capacities of nitrification
and denitrification tanks and concentrations of nitrate required for effective biological removal
of phosphorus, were identified in the laboratory. Positive results were obtained in terms of removal
of organic compounds and nutrients. The technology of nitrogen removal from the wastewater was
developed. The proposed technology of modernization of biological wastewater treatment facilities
is based on conversion of existing aeration capacities into nitrification and denitrification zones, and
it does not include construction of any new premises.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.11.204 - 209

References
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  2. Gogina E.S. Udalenie biogennykh elementov iz stochnykh vod [Removal of Biogenic Elements from Wastewater]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2010, 120 p.
  3. Salomeev V.P., Gogina E.S. Primenenie odnoilovoy sistemy denitrifikatsii dlya rekonstruktsii biologicheskikh ochistnykh sooruzheniy [Application of a Single Silt Denitrification Technology in Restructuring of Biological Water Treatment Facilities]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2009, no. 3, pp. 129—135.
  4. Doklad o sostoyanii i okhrane okruzhayushchey sredy Vologodskoy oblasti v 2009 godu [Report on Condition and Protection of the Environment in the Vologda Region in 2009]. Pravitel’stvo Vologodskoy oblasti, departament prirodnykh resursov i okhrany okruzhayushchey sredy Vologodskoy oblasti [Vologda Region Government, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection]. Vologda, 2010, 236 p.
  5. Kulakov A.A., Lebedeva E.A. Razrabotka inzhenernykh resheniy po modernizatsii ochistnykh sooruzheniy kanalizatsii na osnove tekhnologicheskogo modelirovaniya [Development of Engineering Solutions concerning Modernization of Wastewater Treatment Facilities Based on Technology Simulation]. Vodoochistka [Water Treatment]. 2011, no. 12, pp. 10—19.
  6. Gogina E.S. Issledovanie tekhnologicheskoy skhemy biologicheskoy ochistki stochnykh vod dlya rekonstruktsii ochistnykh sooruzheniy [Research of the Process Scheme of Biological Treatment of Wastewater within the Framework of Restructuring of WWTPs]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika [Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering]. 2011, no. 11, pp. 25—33.
  7. Gogina E.S. Optimizatsiya protsessa udaleniya soedineniy azota iz bytovykh stochnykh vod [Optimization of the Process of Removal of Nitrogen Compounds from Domestic Wastewater]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2000, 21 p.

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