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Kremnev Vasiliy Anatol'evich -
LLC "InformAviaKoM"
Director General, LLC "InformAviaKoM", 2 Pionerskaya str., Korolev, Moscow Region, 141074, Russian Federation; +7 (495) 645-20-62;
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Kuznetsov Vitaliy Sergeevich -
Mytishchi Branch, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Architectural and Construction Design, Mytishchi Branch, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 50 Olimpiyskiy prospect, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141006, Russian Federation; +7 (495) 583-07-65;
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Talyzova Yuliya Aleksandrovna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Assistant, Department of Architectural and Structural Design, Mytishchi Branch, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 50 Olimpiyskiy prospect, Mytishchi, Moscow Region, 141006, Russian Federation;
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The authors draw attention to possible problems in the process of construction and operation of monolithic frame buildings, construction of which is now widespread. It is known that cracks can often appear in the facade and side walls. The size of the cracks can exceed the allowable limits and repair does not lead to their complete elimination. Also cracks significantly mar the appearance of a building. Thus, the relevance of this study lies not only in fuller understanding of the operation of walls, but also in the ability to prevent undesirable effects.The authors calculated temperature effects for boundary walls of the building blocks made of heavy concrete. The original dimensions of the walls conformed to a grid of columns for the majority of residential and public buildings.The stress-and-strain state of the walls in case of temperature changes is observed in detail, including the transition from sub-zero to above-zero temperatures within the same section (wall). It was revealed that the temperature variations within the established limits may cause stress-and-strain state in the walls, in which the temperature tensile stresses can exceed the tensile strength of materials. The article contains effective means of reducing thermal strains, which can prevent temperature and shrinkage cracking.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.10.52-59
References
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- Derkach V.N., Orlovich R.B. Voprosy kachestva i dolgovechnosti oblitsovki sloistykh kamennykh sten [Issues of Quality and Durability of the Lining of Layered Stone Walls]. Inzhenerno-stroitel'nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 2. Available at: http://www.engstroy.spb.ru Date of access: 5.12.12.
- Soon-Ching Ng, Kaw-Sai Low, Ngee-Heng Tioh. Newspaper Sandwiched Aerated Lightweight Concrete Wall Panels — Thermal inertia, transient thermal behavior and surface temperature prediction. Energy and Buildings. 2011, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 1636—1645.
- Sami A. Al-Sanea, Zedan M.F. Effect of Thermal Bridges on Transmission Loads and Thermal Resistance of Building Walls under Dynamic Conditions. Applied Energy. 2012, vol. 98, pp. 584—593.
- Chengbin Zhang, Yongping Chen, Liangyu Wu, Mingheng Shi. Thermal Response of Brick Wall Filled with Phase Change Materials (PCM) under Fluctuating Outdoor Temperatures. Energy and Buildings. 2011. vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 3514—3520.
- Pinsker V.A., Vylegzhanin V.P. Teplofizicheskie ispytaniya fragmenta kladki steny iz gazobetonnykh blokov marki po plotnosti D400 [Thermophysical Test of a Segment of Masonry Walls Made of Aerated Concrete Blocks Mark with the Density D400]. Inzhenernostroitel'nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering]. 2009, no. 8. Available at: http://www.engstroy.spb.ru Date of access: 10.07.13.
- Knat'ko M.V., Gorshkov A.S., Rymkevich P.P. Laboratornye i naturnye issledovaniya dolgovechnosti (ekspluatatsionnogo sroka sluzhby) stenovoy konstruktsii iz avtoklavnogo gazobetona s oblitsovochnym sloem iz silikatnogo kirpicha [Laboratory and Field Studies of Durability (Operating Life) of a Wall Structure Made of Autoclave Aerated Concrete with Facing Layer made of Sand-lime Brick]. Inzhenerno-stroitel'nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering]. 2009, no. 8. Available at: http://www.engstroy.spb.ru Date of access: 10.07.13.
- Ogorodnik V.M., Ogorodnik Yu.V. Nekotorye problemy obsledovaniya zdaniy s otdelkoy litsevym kirpichom v Sankt-Peterburge [Some Problems of the Inspection of Buildings having Face Brick Finishing in St. Petersburg]. Inzhenerno-stroitel'nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering]. 2010, no. 7. Available at: http://www.engstroy.spb.ru Date of access: 7.02.12.
- Snegirev A.I., Al'khimenko A.I. Vliyanie temperatury zamykaniya pri vozvedenii na napryazheniya v nesushchikh konstruktsiyakh [The Influence of Circuit Temperature on the Stresses in the Process of Construction of Load-bearing Structures]. Inzhenerno-stroitel'nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering]. 2008, no. 2. Available at: http://www.engstroy.spb.ru Date of access: 7.02.12.
- Karpilovskiy V.S. SCADOFFICE. Vychislitel'nyy kompleks Scad [SCADOFFICE. Computing System Scad]. Moscow, 2011, pp. 274—283.
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Kabantsev Oleg Vasil’evich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Structures, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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Masonry is a complex multicomponent composite composed of dissimilar materials (brick / stone and mortar). The process of masonry deformation under load depends on the mechanical characteristics of the basic composite materials, as well as of the parameters belonging to the elements, which define the link between brick and mortar being the structural elements. The paper provides an analysis of the experimental study results of masonry behaviour in two-dimensional stress state at primary stresses of opposite signs; identifies the mechanisms of masonry failure that are in compliance with the conditions of stress state. The work shows the key role that structural elements play in the formation of masonry failure processes. On the basis of failure mechanisms educed from the experiments, there was developed a discrete model of masonry. The processes and the corresponding strength criteria, which play a key role in the implementation of plastic deformation phase, have been detected. It has been shown that the plastic deformation of masonry under biaxial stresses occurs in case of the physical linear behavior of the basic materials (brick and mortar). It has been also substantiated that the plastic properties of masonry under biaxial stresses are determined by the processes occurring at the contact interaction nodes between brick and mortar in bed and cross joints. The values of the plasticity coefficients for masonry depending on the mechanical properties of a brick, a mortar and adhesive strength in their interaction have been obtained basing on the results of the performed numerical investigations.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2016.2.34-48
References
- Geniev G.A. O kriterii prochnosti kamennoy kladki pri ploskom napryazhennom sostoyanii [On the Strength Criteria of Masonry with Plane Stress State]. Stroitel’naya mekhanika i raschet sooruzheniy [Structural Mechanics and Analysis of Constructions]. 1979, no. 2, pp. 7—11. (In Russian)
- Tyupin G.A. Deformatsionnaya teoriya plastichnosti kamennoy kladki [Deformational Theory of Masonry Plasticity]. Stroitel’naya mekhanika i raschet sooruzheniy [Structural Mechanics and Analysis of Constructions]. 1980, no. 6, pp. 28—30. (In Russian)
- Polyakov S.V., Safargaliev S.M. Monolitnost’ kamennoy kladki [Monolithic Masonry]. Alma-Ata, Gylym, 1991, 160 p. (In Russian)
- Kashevarova G.G., Ivanov M.L. Naturnye i chislennye eksperimenty, napravlennye na postroenie zavisimosti napryazheniy ot deformatsiy kirpichnoy kladki [Full-scale and Numerical Experiments to Create the Dependencies of Stresses from Masonry Deformations]. Privolzhskiy nauchnyy vestnik [Volga Region Scientific Proceedings]. 2012, no. 8, pp. 10—15. (In Russian)
- Kashevarova G.G., Zobacheva A.Yu. Modelirovanie protsessa razrusheniya kirpichnoy kladki [Modeling the Fracture Process of Masonry]. Vestnik Permskogo natsional’nogo issledovatel’skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Stroitel’stvo i arkhitektura [Perm National Research Polytechnic University Bulletin. Construction and Architecture]. 2010, no. 1, pp. 106—116. (In Russian)
- Grishchenko A.I., Semenov A.S., Semenov S.G., Melnikov B.E. Influence of Structural Parameters of the Masonry on Effective Elastic Properties and Strength. Inzhenerno-stroitel’nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering]. 2014, no. 5, pp. 95—106. (In Russian)
- Derkach V.N. Anizotropiya prochnosti na rastyazhenie kamennoy kladki pri raskalyvanii [Anisotropy of Tensile Strength of Masonry in Case of Cleaving]. Nauchno- tekhnicheskie vedomosti SPbGPU [St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal]. 2012, no. 147-2, pp. 259—265. (In Russian)
- Schubert P., Bohene D. Schubfestigkeit von Mauerwerk aus Leichtbetonsteinen. Das Mauerwerk. Ernst & John, 2002, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 98—102.
- Capozucca R. Shear Behaviour of Historic Masonry Made of Clay Dricks. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal. 2011, no. 5. (Suppl 1-M6), pp. 89—96. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801105010089.
- Sousa R., Sousa H., Guedes J. Diagonal Compressive Strength of Masonry Samples — Experimental and Numerical Approach. Materials and Structures. 2013, vol. 46, pp. 765—786. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-012-9933-z.
- Calio I., Marletta M., Panto B. A New Discrete Element Model for the Evaluation of the Seismic Behaviour of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings. Engineering Structures. 2012, no. 40, pp. 327—338. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2012.02.039.
- Mohebkhah A., Tasnimi A.A. Distinct Element Modeling of Masonry-Infilled Steel Frames with Openings. The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal. 2012, no. 6 (Suppl 1-M2), pp. 42—49. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801206010042.
- Kabantsev O.V. Diskretnaya model’ kamennoy kladki v usloviyakh dvukhosnogo napryazhennogo sostoyaniya [Discrete Model of Masonry under Biaxial Stresses]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta [Vestnik Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building]. 2015, no. 4 (51), pp. 113—134. (In Russian)
- Kabantsev O.V., Tamrazyan A.G. Modelirovanie uprugo-plasticheskogo deformirovaniya kamennoy kladki v usloviyakh dvukhosnogo napryazhennogo sostoyaniya [Modeling Elastoplastic Deformation of Masonry under Biaxial Stresses]. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2015, no. 3, vol. 11, pp. 87—100. (In Russian)
- Vil’deman V.E., Sokolkin Yu.V., Tashkinov A.A. Mekhanika neuprugogo deformirovaniya i razrusheniya kompozitsionnykh materialov [Mechanics of Inelastic Deformation and Destruction of Composite Materials]. Moscow, Nauka. Fizmatlit Publ., 1997, 288 p. (In Russian)
- Burago N.G. Modelirovanie razrusheniya uprugoplasticheskikh tel [Modelling of Elastoplastic Bodies Destruction]. Vychislitel’naya mekhanika sploshnykh sred [Computational Continuum Mechanics]. 2008, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 5—20. (In Russian)
- Trusov P.V. Nekotorye voprosy nelineynoy mekhaniki deformiruemogo tverdogo tela (v poryadke obsuzhdeniya) [Some Problems of Nonlinear Mechanics of Solids (In the Form of Discussion)]. Vestnik Permskogo natsional’nogo issledovatel’skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Mekhanika [Perm National Research Polytechnic University Bulletin. Mechanics]. 2009, Vol. 17, pp. 85—95. (In Russian)
- Kabantsev O.V., Karpilovskiy V.S., Kriksunov E.Z., Perel’muter A.V. Tekhnologiya raschetnogo prognoza napryazhenno-deformirovannogo sostoyaniya konstruktsiy s uchetom istorii vozvedeniya, nagruzheniya i deformirovaniya [Technology of Computational Prediction of Stress-Strain State of Constructions Taking into Account the History of Erecting, Loading and Deformation]. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2011, no. 3, vol. 7, pp. 110—117. (In Russian)
- Kopanitsa D.G., Kabantsev O.V., Useinov E.S. Eksperimental’nye issledovaniya fragmentov kirpichnoy kladki na deystvie staticheskoy i dinamicheskoy nagruzki [Experimental Researches of Masonry Fragments on the Effect of Static and Dynamic Loads]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta [Vestnik Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building]. 2012, no. 4, pp. 157—178. (In Russian)
- Il’yushin A.A. Mekhanika sploshnoy sredy [Continuum Mechanics]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo universiteta Publ., 1978, 287 p. (In Russian)
- Parton V.Z., Morozov E.M. Mekhanika uprugoplasticheskogo razrusheniya. Osnovy mekhaniki razrusheniya [Mechanics of Elastic-Plastic Destruction. Fundamentals of Destruction Mechanics]. 3rd edition, revised. Moscow, LKI Publ., 2008, 352 p. (In Russian)
- Sokolov B.S., Antakov A.B. Rezul’taty issledovaniy kamennykh i armokamennykh kladok [The Results of Masonry and Reinforced Masonry Research]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2014, no. 3, pp. 99—106. (In Russian)
- Tonkikh G.P., Kabantsev O.V., Simakov O.A., Simakov A.B., Baev S.M., Panfilov P.S. Eksperimental’nye issledovaniya seysmousileniya kamennoy kladki naruzhnymi betonnymi applikatsiyami [Experimental Researches of Seismic Reinforcement of Masonry by Exterior Concrete Applications]. Seysmostoykoe stroitel’stvo. Bezopasnost’ sooruzheniy [Earthquake Engineering. Constructions Safety]. 2011, no. 2, pp. 35—41. (In Russian)
- Pangaev V.V., Albaut G.I., Fedorov A.V., Tabanyukhova M.V. Model’nye issledovaniya napryazhenno-deformirovannogo sostoyaniya kamennoy kladki pri szhatii [Model Research of the Stress-Strain State of Masonry in Case of Compression]. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Stroitel’stvo [News of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction]. 2003, no. 2, pp. 24—29. (In Russian)
- Kabantsev O.V. Deformatsionnye svoystva kamennoy kladki kak raznomodul’noy kusochno-odnorodnoy sredy [Deformation Properties of Masonry as the Multimodulus Piecewise Homogeneous Continua]. Seysmostoykoe stroitel’stvo. Bezopasnost’ sooruzheniy [Earthquake Engineering. Constructions Safety]. 2013, no. 4, pp. 36—40. (In Russian)
- Popov N.N., Rastorguev B.S. Dinamicheskiy raschet zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy [Dynamic Calculation of Reinforced Concrete Constructions]. Moscow, SI Publ., 1974, 207 p. (In Russian)
- Karpilovskiy V.S., Kriksunov E.Z., Malyarenko A.A., Mikitarenko M.A., Perel’muter A.V., Perel’muter M.A. SCAD Office. Versiya 21. Vychislitel’nyy kompleks SCAD++ [SCAD Office. Version 21. Computer Complex SCAD++]. Moscow, SKAD SOFT Publ., 2015, 808 p. (In Russian)
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Andreeva Peraskovya Ivanovna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
postgraduate student, Department of Strength of Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shоsse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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Zavalishin Sergey Iosifovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Senior Research Worker, Head, Research Institute of Experimental Mechanics, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shоsse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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Shablinskiy Georgiy Eduardovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Senior Research Worker, Research Institute of Experimental Mechanics, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shоsse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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The article reveals comparative results of experimental model studies of the dynamical characteristics of containment shells used for their calculation and construction as well as actual calculation of dynamic characteristics and the results of actual full-scale investigations executed after 40 years of their operation. This comparison of present-day calculations and full-scale researches showed their agreement with the previous investigations performed on physical models of containment shells.The dynamic analysis of the facilities on the base of physical models were widely used in the 70's of the 20th century, when the computers were still in the initial level of development. The results of these model studies were used to justify the strength of critical structures, including nuclear power plants (NPPs), some of which have already worked for over 40 years. The current investigation gives the opportunity to compare the results of the previous model studies with the present calculations of NPP protective containments (shells) and the field studies results. The field investigations were carried out on the reactor containment of VVER-1000 reactor for the 1st unit of Kalinin NPP.1. Model studies of the dynamic characteristics on the physical model base. In order to provide dynamic model studies in the laboratory it is necessary to solve the following problems: 1) to fulfill certain similarity conditions, which provide unambiguous recalculation of the results to the full-scale structures; 2) to determine the scale of the model and its production material, which is related to the structure and characteristics of the vibration-testing machine (shaker), the transitional fixing devices for the model, special vibrators for dynamic loads, etc. The particular attention should be paid to the registration, processing and analysis of dynamic parameters, taking into account quality changes, which have recently occurred in the measurement technique. The model studies were carried out on a series of geometrically similar models of the protective containments fabricated under special technology of gypsum (1:100 scale) and plexiglas (1:200 scale). The models were mounted on a specially designed shaker. Harmonic oscillations with continuous frequency scanning were set up to the testers and resonant vibration frequency was recorded. Then the shell vibration mode was defined at these frequencies using small-sized mobile vibrometer. The frequencies of natural oscillations were recounted for correlation on similarity conditions.2. The study (investigation) of the dynamic characteristics of the protective containment on the base of mathematical model. The model is built in ANSYS calculation software complex and is structurally similar to the physical model, but without built elements and elastic foundation (i.e, the adopted conditions are similar to the physical model). The problem is solved in three-dimensional setting, all elements are made of three-dimensional elements (of solid type). The comparison of the experiment results on physical models and field studies is given in the Table.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.11.114-122
References
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