-
Tamrazyan Ashot Georgievich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, full member, Russian Engineering Academy, head of the directorate, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe Shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
-
Filimonova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
postgraduate student, Department of Re- inforced Concrete and Masonry Structures, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
Generation of objectives should take account of the requirements of cost efficiency, technological effectiveness, reliability and safety. Complex objectives include the production cost of a reinforced concrete slab, operating costs and risks.Possibility of an emergency situation should be taken into account while calculating and constructing elements. The most reasonable way to minimize the damage caused by an emergency situation is to analyze the failure. A risk is defined as a probability of structural failure with implications of a certain level taking place within a certain period of operation. The damage caused by the total or partial destruction of a concrete slab is calculated on the basis of its residual cost, as well as the lowest required expenses for its repair and reconstruction. The «R – S» (risk–damage) function is most closely approximated by an exponential curve. Typically, reduction of the risk value leads to the cost increase of the construction. On the other hand, the risk increase may result in the structural failure in a shorter period of time. The proposed objective function offers the most adequate evaluation of the cost of designed projects considering the probability of emergency situations.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.10.68-74
References
- Ehsan N. Risk Management in Construction Industry. Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT), 2010 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology — ICCSIT. 2010, vol. 9, pp. 16—21.
- Rekomendatsii po zashchite vysotnykh zdaniy ot progressiruyushchego obrusheniya [Guidelines for the Protection of High-rise Buildings from Progressive Collapse]. Moscow, MNIITEP Publ., 2006.
- Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures. 2002, ASCE 7—02, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA.
- Li-Chung Chao, Chang-Nan Liou. Risk-minimizing approach to Bid-cutting Limit Determination. Construction Management and Economics. 2007, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 835—843.
- Yu Jie. Application of Risk Analysis Method in Cost Control of Construction Project. Fujian Architecture & Construction. 2004, vol. 3, pp. 12—13.
- Ellingwood B.R. Mitigating Risk from Abnormal Loads and Progressive Collapse. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities. 2006, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 315—323.
- Tamrazyan A.G. K otsenke riska chrezvychaynykh situatsiy po osnovnym priznakam ego proyavleniya na sooruzhenie [On the Problem of Estimating the Emergency Risk Based on the Main Features Manifested on a Building]. Beton i zhelezobeton [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete]. 2001, no. 5, pp. 8—10.
- Jannadi O.A., Almishari S. Risk Assessment in Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 2003, vol. 129, no. 5, pp. 492—500.
- Pichugin S.F., Semko A.V., Makhin'ko A.V. K opredeleniyu koeffitsienta nadezhnosti po naznacheniyu s uchetom riskov v stroitel'stve [To the Problem of Reliability Factor in Terms of Designation Test with Account for Risks in Civil Engineering]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo [News of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction]. 2005, no. 11—12, pp. 104—109
- Lychev A.S. Nadezhnost' stroitel'nykh konstruktsiy [Reliability of Engineering Structures]. Moscow, ASV Publ, 2008, 184 p.
- Makhutov N.A., Gadenin M.M., Chernyavskiy A.O., Shatov M.M. Analiz riskov otkazov pri funktsionirovanii potentsial'no opasnykh ob"ektov [Analysis of Failure Risks in Case of Operation of Potentially Hazardous Structires]. Problemy analiza riska [The Problems of Risk Analysis]. 2012, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 8—21.
- Dolganov A.I. O nadezhnosti sooruzheniy massovogo stroitel'stva [To the Problem of Reliability of Mass Building Construction]. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo [Industrial and Civil Engineering]. 2010, no. 11, pp. 66—68.
-
Galai Vladimir Sergeevich -
Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DonNASA)
student, Department of Gas-Supplyings and Ventilation, Donbas National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DonNASA), 2 Derzhavin st., Makеyеvka, Donetsk People’s Republic, 286123.
In connection with increasing demand for providing quality medical services, the technologies and systems for safe work of personnel began actively developing in the world. Unfortunately, at the present day, physicians have to deal with the microorganisms of different danger level, therefore, for the purpose of safety of personnel and patients, the detailed analysis of air environment is needed as there can be a risk of introduction of infection for people. Currently, incidence rate conditioned by microbiological contamination of air environment of rooms remains at a high level. Prevention of disease dissemination is a basic task of the process of air discontamination. Air contamination provides the decrease of incidence of contagious diseases and complements the obligatory compliance with existing sanitary norms and rules for space planning, furnishing and maintenance, primarily medical and preventive ones. One of the ways of contagious diseases dissemination is aerogenous (respiratory), related to the main method of transmission of respiratory diseases, such as influenza virus infection, tuberculosis. It is related to the fact that airborne bacterial aerosol is constantly suspended in the air volume of rooms due to air motion (convections), that increases contamination rate.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2017.8.912-916
-
Skiba Alisa Anatol'evna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
postgraduate student, Department of Information Systems, Technologies and Automation in Civil Engineering, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
-
Ginzburg Aleksandr Vital'evich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of Department of Information Systems, Technologies and Automation in Civil Engineering, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
The authors discuss the procedure of measuring and managing risks that investment projects in the construction industry may be exposed to in the process of their implementation.
The qualitative analysis results in description of uncertainties characterizing the project as well as in the breakdown of the reasons for these uncertainties. Risks identified in the course of analysis should be ranked according to their significance and possible losses that they may involve. The main risks need research through the employment of the quantitative analysis to make assessments more accurate.
The authors compare the applied methods used in practice to perform a quantitative analysis of project risks with the new ones based on the fuzzy logic concept. All models are broken down into three groups: stochastic (probabilistic), linguistic (descriptive) and non-stochastic (behavioral).
Aims, advantages and disadvantages of methods are arranged into a table. Some methods can be implemented in combination to assure a reasonable efficiency of decisions.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.12.276 - 281
References
- Kachalov P.M. Upravlenie khozyaystvennym riskom [Business Risk Management]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2005.
- Volkov A.A. Upravlenie i logistika v stroitel’stve: sistemnyy analiz perspektivnykh napravleniy [Management and Logistics in Construction: System Analysis of Prospective Lines of Development]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2007, no. 3, pp. 124—126.
- Nedosekin A.O. Prosteyshaya otsenka riska investitsionnogo proekta [The Simplest Assessment of Investment Project Risks]. Sovremennye aspekty ekonomiki [Modern Aspects of the Economy]. No. 11, 2002.
- Stepanov I.S. Ekonomika stroitel’stva [Construction Economics]. Moscow, Yurayt Publ., 2005.
- Nedosekin A.O. Fondovyy menedzhment v rasplyvchatykh usloviyakh [Stock Management in the Uncertain Environment]. St.Petersburg, Sezam Publ., 2003.
- Tepman L.N., Shvandar V.A., editor. Riski v ekonomike [Risks in the Economy]. Moscow, YuNITI Publ., 2007.
-
Makhnatov Stanislav Anatol’evich -
OJSC Research Institute Project “Territorial Workshop no. 17” (NII PTM no. 17); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University)
head, Department of Karst Investigations; Assistant Lecturer, Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, OJSC Research Institute Project “Territorial Workshop no. 17” (NII PTM no. 17); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), 3 Kostina str., business center «Novaya ploshchad’», Nizhniy Novgorod, 603057, Russian Federation; 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
It has been known that the use of karst stability categories classified by sinking diameter and the rate of its occurrence creates contradictions between researchers and designers. These contradictions are most discernable when implementing special projects such as construction of linear objects. The article provides an example of risk management when placing linear objects on karsted territories as exemplified by trunk line submerged crossings in a valley of a large transit river. The conditions of the regional karst development were identified, as well as the features determining sink risk. The authors provide the factual material analysis using the concepts that describe the reasons for the formation sink mechanism. The risk assessment is carried out during the analysis of necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of sink mechanisms forming the karst hazard. The research results showed that the seasonal variations influence the possibility of karst risk. It is proposed to use an algorithm of karst management based on the variability approach, taking into account the changes in environmental conditions that affect the essence of the danger existence.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2016.11.32-47
-
Voronov Jurij Viktorovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Sewerage and Aquatic Ecology
8 (499) 183-27-65, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
-
Shirkova Tat'jana Nikolaevna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE)
postgraduate student, Department of Sewerage and Water Ecology
8 (495) 789-77-04, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
The article covers the development of the system of engineering protection of territories and structures from impounding. The emphasis is made on the engineering protection associated with the risk of negative impacts produced on structures and the adjacent territory by subterranean waters. The territory of Imeretinskaya Lowland, Adler District, Sochi, designated for the accommodation of Winter Olympic Games in 2014, served as an example of the technology underlying the system of engineering protection. Artificial elevation of the ground level by upfilling or inwashing of soil, having high filtration properties, and construction of drainage systems are planned to assure the admissible impounding risk level. The above actions will make it possible to assure the acceptable depth of the underground waters in the territory.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.2.121 - 124
References
- SNiP 22-02—2003. Inzhenernaja zaschita territorij, zdanij i sooruzhenij ot opasnyh geologicheskih processov. Osnovnye polozhenija [Construction Norms and Rules 22-02—2003. Engineering Protection of Territories, Buildings and Structures from Hazardous Geological Processes. Basic Provisions]. Moscow, Rosstroj, 2004.
- Rozanov N.N., Kuranov N.P. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po ocenke riska avarij gidrotehnicheskih sooruzhenij vodohranilisch i nakopitelej promyshlennyh othodov [Methodological Recommendations concerning the Assessment of the Risk of Accidents at Hydraulic Engineering Structures of Water Storage Bodes and Industrial Waste Tanks]. Moscow, DAR/VODGEO, 2002.
- Kuranov N.P. Metodicheskie rekomendacii po ocenke riska i uscherba pri podtoplenii territorij [Methodological Recommendations concerning the Assessment of Risk and Damage Caused by the Impoundment of Territories]. Moscow, DAR\VODGEO, 2001.
-
Filimonova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
postgraduate student, Department of Re- inforced Concrete and Masonry Structures, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
The principal mission of structural design consists in the development of economical though reliable structures. Any safety-related improvements boost the cost of a structure, while any reduction of costs involves higher risks. The objective of any structural designer is to pinpoint the optimal structural parameters among the whole variety of solutions that fall within the range of the pre-set design requirements and minimal risks. Selection of the optimality criteria applicable to reinforced concrete structures is to be based on a set of requirements, including low costs, technological efficiency, safety and observance of limits imposed onto the expenditure of material resources and the workforce.
The author suggests splitting the aforementioned parameters into the two groups, namely, natural parameters and value-related parameters that are introduced to assess the costs of development, transportation, construction and operation of a structure, as well as the costs of its potential failure. The author proposes a new improved methodology for the identification of the above parameters that ensures optimal solutions to non-linear objective functions accompanied by non-linear restrictions that are critical to the design of reinforced concrete structures. Any structural failure may be interpreted as the bounce of a random process associated with the surplus bearing capacity into the negative domain. Monte Carlo numerical methods make it possible to assess these bounces into the unacc eptable domain.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.10.128 - 133
References
- Tamrazyan A.G. K otsenke riska chrezvychaynykh situatsiy po osnovnym priznakam ego proyavleniya na sooruzhenie [Concerning the Assessment of the Risk of Emergencies on the Basis of Their Principal Features Demonstrated by the Structure]. Beton i zhelezobeton [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete]. 2001, no. 5, pp. 8—10.
- Pichugin S.F., Semko A.V., Makhin’ko A.V. K opredeleniyu koeffitsienta nadezhnosti po naznacheniyu s uchetom riskov v stroitel’stve [Identification of the Reliability Ratio with Account for Construction-related Risks]. Izv. vuzov. Stroitel’stvo. [News of Higher Education Institutions. Civil Engineering.] 2005, no. 11—12, pp. 105—109.
- Huang C., Kroplin B. Optimum Design of Composite Laminated Plates via a Multi-objective Function. International Journal of Mechanical Science. 1995, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 317—326.
- Falso S.A., Afonso S.M.B., Vaz L.E. Analysis and Optimal Design of Plates and Shells under Dynamic Loads – II: Optimization. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2004, vol. 27, no. 3, pð.197—209.
- Bezdelev V.V., Dmitrieva T.L. Ispol’zovanie mnogometodnoy strategii optimizatsii v proektirovanii stroitel’nykh konstruktsiy [Employment of the Multi-methodological Strategy for the Optimization in the Design of Building Structures]. Izv. vuzov. Stroitel’stvo. [News of Higher Education Institutions. Civil Engineering.] 2010, no. 2, pp. 90—95.
- Yarov V.A., Prasolenko E.V. Proektirovanie kruglykh monolitnykh plit perekrytiy ratsional’noy struktury s ispol’zovaniem topologicheskoy i parametricheskoy optimizatsii [Design of Circular In-situ Floor Slabs of Rational Structure through the Employment of Topological and Parametric Optimization]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta [Proceedings of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 3, pp. 89—102.
- Tamrazyan A.G., Filimonova E.A. Metod poiska rezerva nesushchey sposobnosti zhelezobetonnykh plit perekrytiy [Methodology of Identification of the Surplus Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Floor Slabs]. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo [Industrial and Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 3, pp. 23—25.