Error
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering
  • Error loading Modules:Can't create/write to file '/var/lib/mysql/tmp/#sql_bd4_0.MYI' (Errcode: 30) SQL=SELECT id, title, module, position, content, showtitle, control, params FROM jos_modules AS m LEFT JOIN jos_modules_menu AS mm ON mm.moduleid = m.id WHERE m.published = 1 AND m.access <= 0 AND m.client_id = 0 AND ( mm.menuid = 8 OR mm.menuid = 0 ) ORDER BY position, ordering

GENERAL PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION-RELATED SCIENCES AND OPERATIONS. UNIFICATION AND STANDARDIZATION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

The compative analysys of reinforcement steeluse in reinforced concrete structures in Russia and abroad

Vestnik MGSU 11/2013
  • Madatyan Sergey Ashotovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Structures, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 129337, г. Москва, Ярославское шоссе, д. 26; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 7-18

Reinforced concrete is uninterruptedly developing progressive type of building materials. One of the most important advantages of reinforced concrete is the possibility of using it with reinforcing steel or composite materials of increased and high strength.As a result occurs substantial permanent growth in production, increase in strength and other service characteristics of steel rolling used for reinforcing concrete.Production and application of the modern types of reinforcement in our country started not long ago, much later, than in the USA and European countries. Until 1950 deformed reinforcement was not produced and used in our country; the production of hot-rolling reinforcement of the A400 (A-III) class started only in 1956.But already in 1960 the application of this reinforcement was 1.0 million tons a year, and in 1970 — 3.4 million tons a year.Up to the year 2012, the production and application of the deformed reinforcement of the classes A-400, A-500C and A-600C of all kinds exceeded 8.0 million tons. In order to ensure economic efficiency and competitive ability of national construction, the process of increasing the strength and workability of domestic reinforcing bar is continuously taking place. The results of this process in respect of the common untensioned reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures are discussed in the present article.We suggest to consider the mechanical and service characteristics of deformed reinforcement, which is manufactured according to the standards of our country GOST P 52544, classes A500C and B500C, GOST 5781, class A400, and Technical specifications 14-1-5596—2010, class Ан600С, grade 20Г2СФБA.For the comparative analysis we use the standard data for similar reinforcement established by EN 10080-2005 and Eurocode 2, as well as by standards ÖNORM B-420 of Austria, BC 4449/2005 of Great Britain, DIN 488 of Germany, A706M of the USA and G3142 of Japan.The standards of the above-mentioned countries slightly differ from the standardsEN 10080 and Eurocode 2, and from the Russian standards.We consider the statistical data of the real properties of hot-rolling, coldolling and thermo mechanically strengthened deformed reinforcement manufactured and certified according to GOST R 52544 and GOST 5781, produced in Russia, Byelorussia, Moldavia, Latvia, Poland, Turkey and Egypt.The fundamental difference of modern European standards from Russian standards and the standards of other countries considered in this article is that the requirements of EN 10080 and Eurocode 2 are unified for all reinforcement with the yield point of 400 to600 H/mm2 regardless of its production method.At the same time it is stated, that the actual properties of reinforcement of all groups according to EN 10080, differ essentially from those specified by this Standard and they better correspond to the Russian, Austrian and German standards.The Standard EN 10080 in the version of the year 2005 is inconvenient, because it does not determine technical classes. As a result, many European countries use their own, but not the European standards.Conclusion.The comparative analysis of our national and foreign standards of deformed rolled steel used for reinforcing concrete demonstrates that the physical and mechanical properties of the Russian and European reinforcing steel are almost the same, but for the following facts:Standard requirements established according to GOST 5781, GOST 10884 andGOST R 52544 are a bit higher than the standards of EN 10080;Reinforcement of the classes A400, A500 B500C and A600C, manufactured according to the Russian standards, can be used without recounting instead of reinforcement of the same strength classes according to EN 10080 and to the standards of other countries all over the world.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.11.7-18

References
  1. Svod pravil SP 63.13330—2012. Betonnye i zhelezobetonnye konstruktsii. Osnovnye polozheniya [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures. Fundamental Principles]. Aktualizirovannaya redaktsiya SNiP 52-01—2003 [Revised Edition of Building Requirements 52-01—2003]. Moscow, NIIZhB Publ., 2012, 153 p.
  2. GOST R 52544—2006. Prokat armaturnyy svarivaemyy periodicheskogo profilya klassov A500S i V500S dlya armirovaniya zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy. Tekhnicheskie usloviya [All-Union Standard R 52544—2006. Deformed Weld Reinforcing Bar of the Classes A500S and V500S for Reinforcing of Concrete Structures. Technical Specifications]. Moscow, Standartinform Publ., 2006, 20 p.
  3. Eurocode 2. Design of Concrete Structures — Part 1-1 General Rules and Rules for Buildings. EN 1992-1-1. December 2004, 225 p.
  4. Almazov V.O. Proektirovanie zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy po evronormam [Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures According to European Requirements]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2007, 216 p.
  5. Riskind B.Ya. Prochnost' szhatykh zhelezobetonnykh stoek s termicheski uprochnennoy armaturoy [Strength of Compressed Reinforced Concrete Columns with Thermally Strengthened Reinforcement]. Beton i zhelezobeton [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete]. 1972, no. 11, p. 31—33.
  6. Chistyakov E.A., Mulin N.M., Khait I.G. Vysokoprochnaya armatura v kolonnakh [High-tensile Reinforcement in Columns]. Beton i zhelezobeton [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete]. 1979, no. 8, pp. 20—21.
  7. Madatyan S.A. Tekhnologiya natyazheniya armatury i nesushchaya sposobnost' zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy [The Technology of Steel Tensioning and Load-bearing Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Structures]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1980, 196 p.
  8. DIN 1045. Beton und Stahlbeton. Berlin. 1988, 84 p.
  9. EN 10080. Weldable reinforcing steel — General. May 2005, 75 p.
  10. ?NORM 4200. Teil 7. Stahlbetontragwerke. Verst?rkung f?r Beton. OIB-691-002/04, 25 p.
  11. BS 4449:2005. Steel for the Reinforcement of Concrete – Weldable reinforcing Steel – Bar, Coil and Decoiled Product – Specification. 2005, 36 p.
  12. Madatyan S.A. Armatura zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy [Reinforcement of Concrete Structures]. Moscow, Voentekhlit Publ., 2000, 236 p.

Download

Results 1 - 1 of 1