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TECHNOLOGY OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES. MECHANISMS AND EQUIPMENT

SPIRAL CHAMBERS OF COMBINED PUMP-TURBINE UNITS AND CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

Vestnik MGSU 2/2012
  • Mihajlov Ivan Evgrafovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Hydraulic Power Generation and Use of Aquatic Resources, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 112 - 116

Flow analysis and pressure loss in spiral chambers of turbines and pumps are considered in the paper. Drawbacks are also specified, and recommendations are provided in terms of the hydro-mechanical analysis and the construction of spiral chambers of combined pump-chamber units and centrifugal pumps.
Liquid flow pattern in spiral chambers of centrifugal pumps and combined pump-chamber units, when operating in the pump mode, has a diffuser character, and circulatory streams, flowing in opposite directions, evolve there; streams move clockwise in the bottom area of the cross section, and in the upper area, stream move counter clockwise (when directions of water flows inside chambers are considered).
The presence of circulatory streams and the diffuser nature of the flow inside spiral chambers of centrifugal pumps and combined pump-chamber units boost uneven distribution of velocities and the loss of pressure inside chambers and trail races.
The loss of energy (pressure) in spiral chambers and trail races of the above machines can be reduced, if the output section of the spiral has the shape of a torus with a central angle φ= 45….55, taken in-between the output section of the spiral and its tooth, while the cross sectional area is equal to the section area calculated as = const or ∙ = const (this section of the spiral is the initial section of the torus).

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.2.112 - 116

References
  1. Mihajlov I.E. Turbinnye kamery gidrojelektrostancij [Turbine Chambers of Hydraulic Power Stations]. Moscow, Jenergija, 1970.
  2. Lasenko V.E., Bulgakov V.A., Drankovskij V.Je. Formirovanie potoka v spiral'noj kamere vysokonapornoj radial'no-osevoj gidroturbiny [Flow Formation in a Spiral Chamber of a High-Pressure Radial Axial Turbine]. Gidravlicheskie mashiny [Hydraulic Machines], Har'kov, 1982, Issue # 16, pp. 51—54.
  3. Lasenko V.E. Sravnitel'nyj analiz nekotoryh opytnyh dannyh po issledovaniju techenija v spiral'nyh kamerah gidroturbin [Comparative Analysis of Some Experimental Data within the Framework of Research of Streams Inside Spiral Chambers of Hydraulic Turbines]. Gidravlicheskie mashiny [Hydraulic Machines]. Har'kov, 1983, Issue # 17, pp. 44—47.
  4. Tabakoff, Sheoran, Kroll. Izmerenija parametrov techenija v ulitke turbin. Teoreticheskie osnovy inzhenernyh raschetov [Alteration of Stream Parameters Inside Spirals of Turbines]. Moscow, Mir, 1980, Issue # 3, pp. 113—119.
  5. Hamed, Baskarope. Analiz trehmernogo techenija v ulitke turbiny. Teoreticheskie osnovy inzhenernyh raschetov [Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Stream Inside Spirals of Turbines]. Moscow, Mir, 1980, Issue # 3, pp. 119—124.
  6. Kaufmann J.P. The Dimensioning of Pump-Turbines. Water Power and Dam Constr., 1977, 29, pp. 34—37.
  7. Toyokura T., Akaike S., Kanemoto T. Study on Turbine Flow through Guide Vanes and Stay Vanes for a Reversible Pump-Turbine. 10-th IAHR Symposium, Vol.1, Tokyo, 1980, pp. 353—364; Vol. 2, Tokyo, 1980, pp. 162—164.
  8. ERH-ROHG WU, Staff Engineer (USA) Finite Element Modeling and Flow Prediction for a Spiral Case. 11-th IAHR Symposium, Vol. 3, Amsterdam, 1982.

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