"Вестник МГСУ"

Presently, no uniform methodology of identification of optimal costs of construction of gas distribution networks is available. The amount of work, and, hence, its cost, are identified empirically; therefore, they are insufficiently substantiated by feasibility studies. At best, the problem of optimization is reduced to simple examination of various options.
The problem to be resolved by the method of search optimization may be stated in the following manner:
Two consumers are to obtain access to the gas supply. Their positions in the arbitrary coordinate system are available (; ). The high pressure gas distribution line of a gas distribution network is located at some distance from the aforementioned consumers. It can be represented as follows: = +. Gas control unit installation is required to assure gas pressure reduction.
Goal 1: positioning of a gas control unit to assure the lowest possible cost of the gas distribution network construction.
Goal 2: solution to the above problem turns more complicated, if the line of the gas distribution network required to connect the designed gas pipeline extension is long. In this case, besides the identification of the optimal coordinates of a gas control unit, it is also necessary to find the point of connection to the gas control unit, for the cost of the gas distribution network to be as low as possible.
Goal 3: some sections of gas distribution networks pass through or over natural or artificial barriers. In the event of such restrictions, the search for the optimal point of connection to the gas control unit turns more labor-intensive and challenging.
To sum up the above statements, the authors demonstrate that rational design of gas distribution networks brings essential economic benefits.

Materials consumption rate is used by many authors as the criterion for the assessment of the economic efficiency of gas distribution networks in the course of their design. No doubt that control over the materials consumption rate is of particular importance. However, we believe that it represents one of several constituents of the overall cost of a gas network piping project. Labour expenditures and earth works that are, to some extent, dependent on the diameter of a pipeline, should also be taken into account. Presently, metal and polyethylene pipes of standard diameters are used in gas network development projects. Diameters of pipes of external gas distribution networks are rounded up to the closest standard diameter of pipes as a result of a hydraulic calculation.
The cost of construction of a gas pipeline has multiple constituents that may be clustered into three principle groups:
1) earth works,
2) piping;
3) cost of materials.
Calculation of the cost of construction of low and medium pressure pipelines to be made of steel and cross-linked polyethylene was performed to find out the cost of a pipeline.
The calculations were made in the basic prices of the year 2000 adjusted to the figures of April 2011, given the standard piping conditions in a settlement within central Russia. The data were interpolated by means of a quadratic function.
On the basis of the above data, a comparative analysis of capital expenditures in respect of steel and polyethylene piping may be performed.
The research also contemplates the structure of expenses associated with the piping of gas distribution networks. Mathematical equations have been derived to perform sufficiently accurate calculations of costs of construction of various types and various lengths of gas pipelines.

The article covers the methodology of calculation of the costs of maintenance and repair of
state-owned items of real estate. Currently, a duly organized system designated for the calculation
of operational costs and for the optimization of the cost of extensive repairs and maintenance, is
a prerequisite for the effective use of financial resources and, above all, the budget. This rule is of
particular importance for state-owned budget-funded facilities.
Having analyzed the concept of the real estate operation and the operating costs of maintenance
of state-owned items of real property, available in multiple sources, the authors identify
the following basic breakdown of costs: the cost of maintenance of facilities, costs associated with
regular preventive maintenance, and maintenance of facilities, utilities and construction sites. The
authors propose specific guidelines designated for the calculation of the cost of maintenance and
repair of items of real estate. In this paper, the authors present their algorithm of calculation of the
cost of maintenance of state-owned items of real estate.
Thus, the proposed system may serve as the instrument of effective management of stateowned
property within the framework of the government policy.

The management of construction companies’ development is rarely aimed at harmonization of business and at the development of the ways of its sustainable development. Case studies and the application scope for harmonization as an approach allowing systematic and balanced development of business showed its practical relevance. The use of this approach allows not only correlating the objectives, clarifying the mission, structuring the problems, or determining the optimal salary of employees, but also correlating the costs to each other, which is particularly important in light of the need for rapid transformation of the building production methods. They are based on competent use of system properties of the systems. The properties of emergence, resonance, measurability, and others are of particular importance. Their accounting allows achieving the optimal cost outlay required in the process of investment and construction activities. It complies with the requirements and conditions of the market economy. The mentioned advantages of the use of harmonization technologies to ensure the stability and sustainability of investment and construction activities enable to confirm the hypothesis of the impossibility to achieve the optimum cost, for example, for the implementation of an investment and construction project without implementation of the system properties of a harmonious approach.

Introduction. Consider the system of organization and implementation of risk management in the building enterprise. The introduction and management of risks in an industrial enterprise is an actual problem due to the occurrence of the following list of factors: incomplete information, elements of randomness, unpredictability of actions of a partner or competitor, among others. Risk management is a process that must begin at the development stage of a industrial company’s strategy, and necessarily with the participation of its owners, since it is the owners who, when developing a strategy, should determine the maximum level of total risk that the industry company will be ready to accept in the course of its activities. Risk management in industrial enterprises should be implemented within the framework of the system and process approaches, taking into account the specifics of the industry using modern effective management methods and production organizations, as well as using risk management tools. Materials and methods. The methodology of the continuous risk management process was used to study the industry organization and implementation of risk management, and systems analysis, modeling and synthesis methods were used. Results. It was determined that the creation of a risk management department is appropriate for effective risk management at the industry enterprise. The main responsibilities of this unit, including for staff and other users (including employees, consultants and contractors), in order to successfully implement the management strategy, require unconditional implementation to minimize risks and eliminate costs in implementing risk management. It was revealed that as a result of introducing risk management in industry enterprises of various industries, a set of measures should be developed to evaluate the operational risks of an enterprise, integral risk, quantitative assessment of which is based on a comprehensive analysis of financial and accounting reports, and conducting an integrated risk assessment based on all levels of responsibility within the industrial enterprise. Conclusions. Risk management at industrial enterprises should be carried out within the framework of the system and process approaches, taking into account the specifics of the industry using modern effective management methods and production industrial organizations, as well as using risk management tools.