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Molokova Tat'yana Alekseevna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE)
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Chair, Department of History and Culturology,
+7 (499) 183-21-29, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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.
considered in the article. The author analyzes the influence of the 1812 Patriotic War on the political and cultural life of Russia, as there had been a rise of national consciousness in Russia in the first decades of the 19th century related to the victory over Napoleon. The author drives particular attention to the historic fact that Moscow suffered a lot more than other Russian cities in the War of 1812; the city was completely destroyed by the fire. The author provides statistical data related to the city as of the autumn of 1812. Moscow reconstruction plan proposed by Mr. Gestle, architect, and the procedure of "Commissioning of Structures", drafted under the guidance of O.I. Bove, architect, are analyzed in detail. The author also covers the personal contribution made by O.I. Bove, his associates D.I. Zhilyardi and A.G. Grigor'ev, into the reconstruction of the city centre.
The article features the town-planning policy of 1820-1830 and patterns of late classicism in the Moscow architecture.
The article is dedicated to the year of the Russian history and one of its major events, the anniversary of the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.6.17 - 22
References
- Gol’denberg P.I. Staraya Moskva [Old Moscow]. Moscow, Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Architecture, 1947, p. 57.
- Pokrovskaya Z.K. Osip Bove [Osip Bove]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1999, p. 103.
- Almazova N.M., Molokova T.A., Frolov V.P., Pavlinov V.V. Pamyatniki arkhitektury. Inzhenernye obsledovaniya [Architectural Monuments. Engineering Examinations]. Moscow, ASV Publ., no. 1, 2003, p. 89.
- Sytin P.V. Iz istorii moskovskikh ulits [Abstracts from the History of Moscow Streets]. Moskovskiy Rabochiy Publ., 1958, p. 110.
- Budylina M.V. Planirovka i zastroyka Moskvy posle pozhara 1812 goda [Planning and Building of Moscow after the Fire of 1812]. Moscow, Arhitekturnoe Nasledstvo [Architectural Heritage]. Gosstroyizdat Publ., 1951, no. 1, p. 157.
- Ikonnikov A.V. Tysyacha let russkoy arkhitektury [One Thousand Years of Russian Architecture]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1990, p. 311.
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Frolov Vladimir Pavlovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Philosophy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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.
The article covers a relevant historical and cultural problem of elaboration and maintenance of monuments of the military glory of 1812. The author considers various architectural and sculptural monuments illustrating heroic events of Patriotic war of 1812, built in the two Russian capitals - Moscow and Saint Petersburg in different historical periods, and also in primordial Russian towns, such as Smolensk, Vyazma, and Maloyaroslavets. Architectural and composition-related features of this or that monument erected against the background of historic events of the war of 1812 are analyzed in detail. The author demonstrates the links between architecture and sculpture within the framework of town-planning solutions implemented in the pieces that have found their places in the towns enlisted above.
The value of symbols of the Victory and Glory of the Russian army and the Russian people is marked. The names of the most famous heroes of this war, starting from a field marshal and ending with a soldier are inscribed.
By addressing the historical and cultural heritage of Russia, the author informs readers about the most significant events of the war. The author mentions an acute problem of the modernity, that is, preservation and restoration of monuments, and shares his view point.
The value of the historic and cultural heritage of Russia for military and patriotic education is emphasized. The article is prepared within the framework of the year of the Russian history.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.6.23 - 28
References
- Smirnov A.A. Moskva – geroyam 1812 goda [Moscow Contribution Addressed to the Heroes of 1812]. Moscow, Moskovskiy Rabochiy Publ., 1977, p. 148.
- Molokova T.A., Frolov V.P. Pamyatniki kul’tury Moskvy: iz proshlogo v budushchee [Monuments of Culture of Moscow: from the Past into the Future]. Moscow, ASV Publ., p. 85.
- Ashik V.A. Pamyatniki i medali v pamjyat’ boevyh podvigov russkoy armii 1812 g. [Monuments and Medals Commemorating the Fighting Feats of the Russian Army in 1812]. St.Petersburg, 1913, p. 144.
- Piliyavskiy V.I. Russkie triumfal’nye pamyatniki [Monuments to the Russian Triumph]. Leningrad, Stroyizdat Publ., 1960, p. 56.
- Kirichenko E.I. Hram Hrista Spasitelya v Moskve [Church of the Christ the Savior in Moscow]. Moscow, Planeta Publ., 1992, p. 260.
- Pamyatniki arhitektury Leningrady [Architectural Monuments of Leningrad]. Leningrad, Stroyizdat Publ., 1976, p. 150.
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Frolov Vladimir Pavlovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Philosophy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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.
Monasteries, their activity and lifestyle have always played an important role in the culture of various nations. Monasteries are objects of cultural heritage. Their architecture is connected with national features on a nation, particular canons of Christian (orthodox, catholic), Buddhistic or other religion. The article describes ancient monasteries in Russia amid the global development, historical national characteristics monasteries are analyzed, as well as architectural ensembles, reflecting the function and role of monasteries in public life, showing their spiritual and cultural heritage, monastic tradition, the historical value of the monastic landscape and its conservation conditions, the inclusion of the monasteries in the world cultural heritage is noted.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.6.35-43
References
- Bol'shaya illyustrirovannaya entsiklopediya [Big Illustrated Encyclopedia]. In 32 volumes. Moscow, AST, Astrel' Publ., 2010, vol. 18, p. 143.
- Komech A.I. Russkie monastyri. Istoriya i kul'tura X—XVII stoletiya [Russian Monasteries. History and Culture of X—XVII Centuries]. Moscow, Art-BMB Publ., 2001, p. 21.
- Klyuchevskiy V.O. Skazanie inostrantsev o Moskovskom gosudarstve [Legend of Foreigners about Muscovy]. Moscow, Prometey Publ., 1991, p. 167.
- Antonova L.V., Titova T.V. Arkhitekturnye shedevry Rossii [Architectural Masterpieces of Russia]. Moscow, Dom Slavyanskoy Knigi Publ., 2009, p. 44.
- Bryusova V.G. Ipat'evskiy monastyr' [Ipatiev Monastery]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1981, p. 27.
- Likhachev D.S., Savitskaya O.D. Arkhitekturno-khudozhestvennye pamyatniki [Solovetskikh ostrovov [Architectural and Artistic Monuments of the Solovetsky Islands]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1980, p. 32.
- Skopin V.V., Shchennikova L.A. Arkhitekturno-khudozhestvennyy ansambl' Solovetskogo monastyrya [Architectural Ensemble of the Solovetsky Monastery]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1981, p. 53.
- Molokova T.A. Svyatitel' Filipp — patriot i stroitel' pravoslavnoy Rossii [St Philip — Patriot and Builder of Russian Orthodox]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2006, pp. 18, 20.
- Burov V.A. Istoriya keleynoy zastroyki Solovetskogo monastyrya XV—XIX vekov: monografiya [Exclusionary Story Building Solovetsky Monastery XV—XIX Centuries]. Institute of Archeology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Solovki State Historical, Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve, Arkhangel'sk, 2011, p. 26.
- Maksakovskiy V.P. Vsemirnoe kul'turnoe nasledie [World Cultural Heritage]. Moscow, Eko-pros Publ., 2000, p. 381.
- Arenkova Yu.I., Mekhova G.I. Donskoy monastyr' [Don Monastery]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1970, p. 67.
- Petrova E.N. Russkie monastyri. Iskusstvo i traditsii [Russian Monasteries. Art and Traditions]. Saint Petersburg, Palace Edition, 1997, p. 112.
- Chelnokov A. Pokrovskiy stavropigial'nyy zhenskiy monastyr' u Pokrovskoy zastavy [Intercession Pokrovsky Monastery]. Moscow, Pokrovskiy stavropigial'nyy zhenskiy monastyr' Publ., 2010, p. 57.
- Shchenkov A.S., editor. Arkhitekturnoe nasledie na rubezhe XX—XXI vekov: Problemy restavratsii i okhrany naslediya [Architectural Heritage in 20—21st Centuries. Moscow, KRASAND Publ., 2010, p. 51.
- Pokrovskaya E.N., Koval'chuk Yu.L. Biokorroziya, sokhranenie pamyatnikov istorii i arkhitektury [Biocorrosion, Preservation of Historical Monuments and Architecture. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2013, p. 28, 57.