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DESIGNING AND DETAILING OF BUILDING SYSTEMS. MECHANICS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

RESPONSE OF STRUCTURES TO HIGH VELOCITY IMPACTS: A GENERALIZED ALGORITHM

Vestnik MGSU 7/2012
  • Aversh'ev Anatoliy Sergeevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) master student, Institute of Fundamental Educatio, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Loktev Alexey Alexeevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associated Professor, Department of Theoretical Mechanics and Aerodynamics, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 51 - 59

In this paper, a high velocity impact produced by a spherical striker and a target are considered; different stages of loading and unloading, target deformations and propagation of non-stationary wave surfaces within the target are analyzed. The problem of the strike modeling and subsequent deformations is solved by using not only the equations of mechanics of deformable rigid bodies, but also fluid mechanics equations. The target material is simulated by means of an ideal "plastic gas". Modeling results and theoretical calculations are compared to the experimental results. The crater depth, its correlation with the striker diameter, values of the pressure and deformations of the target underneath the contact area are determined as the main characteristics of dynamic interaction.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.7.51 - 59

References
  1. Mamadaliev N., Moginov R.G. O rasprostranenii i vzaimodeystvii uprugo-plasticheskikh voln pri udare o zhestkuyu pregradu [About the Diffusion and Interaction of Elasto-plastic Waves in the Event of an Impact into a Rigid Target]. Sovremennye problemy mekhaniki mnogofaznykh sred i rasprostranenie voln v sploshnoy sfere [Modern Problems of Mechanics of Multiphase Media and Propagation of Waves in the Continuous Media], a Conference. Collected works. Tashkent, 1999, pp. 83—86.
  2. Timoshenko S.P., Gud’er Dzh. Teoriya uprugosti [Theory of Elasticity]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1979, 560 p.
  3. Loktev A.A. Udarnoe vzaimodeystevie tverdogo tela i uprugoy ortotropnoy plastinki [Impact-Driven Interaction of a Rigid Body and an Elastic Orthotropic Plate]. Mekhanika kompozitsionnykh materialov i konstruktsiy [Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures]. 2005, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 478—492.
  4. Loktev A.A. Dinamicheskiy kontakt udarnika i uprugoy ortotropnoy plastinki pri nalichii rasprostranyayushchikhsya termouprugikh voln [Dynamic Contact between a Striker and an Orthotropic Plate in the Presence of Propagating Thermo-elastic Waves]. Prikladnaya matematika i mekhanika [Applied Mathematics and Mechanics]. 2008, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 652—658.
  5. Filippov A.P. Poperechnyy uprugiy udar tyazhelym telom po krugloy plite [Lateral Elastic Impact Produced by a Heavy Body onto a Circular Plate]. Izv. AN SSSR. Mekhanika tverdogo tela. [Bulletin of Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Rigid Body Mechanics]. 1971, no. 6, pp. 102—109.
  6. Veklich N.A. O rasprostranenii i vzaimodeystviy uprugo-plasticheskikh voln v sterzhne pri udare o pregradu [About the Propagation and Interaction of Elasto-Plastic Waves in a Rod Under the Impact against an Obstacle]. Izv. AN SSSR. Mekhanika tverdogo tela. [Bulletin of Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Rigid Body Mechanics]. 1970, no. 4, pp. 182—185.
  7. Kil’chevskiy N.A. Teoriya soudareniya tverdykh tel [Theory of Collision of Rigid Bodies]. Kiev, Naukova Dumka Publ., 1969, 246 p.
  8. Loktev A.A. Uprugoplasticheskaya model’ vzaimodeystviya tsilindricheskogo udarnika i plastinki [Elasto-plastic Model of Interaction of a Cylinder-shaped Striker and a Plate]. Pis’ma v zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki [Letters to the Journal of Applied Physics]. 2007, vol. 33, no. 16, pp. 72—77.
  9. Schonberg W.P., Williamsen J.E. RCS-based Ballistic Limit Curves for Non-Spherical Projectiles Impacting Dual-Wall Spacecraft Systems. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2006, vol. 33, pp. 763—770.
  10. Fujii K., Yasuda E., Akatsu T., Tanabe YA. Effect of Characteristics of Materials on Fracture Behavior and Modeling Using Graphite-Related Materials with a High-Velocity Steel Sphere. International Journal of Impact Engineering. 2003, vol. 28, pp. 985—999.
  11. Malama Yu.G. Chislennoe modelirovanie vysokoskorostnogo udara po polubeskonechnoy misheni [Numerical Modeling of a High-velocity Impact onto a Semi-Infinite Target]. Preprint no. 495 IKI AN SSSR [Institute of Airspace Research of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR]. Moscow, 1979, 36 p.
  12. Rakhmatulin Kh.A., Sagomonyan A.Ya., Alekseev N.A. Voprosy dinamiki gruntov [Soil Dynamics Issues]. Moscow, Moscow State University Publ., 1964, 239 p.
  13. Skalkin A.S., Suntsov G.N., Shokolov A.G., Yakhlakov Yu.V. Issledovanie protsessa krateroobrazovaniya pri vysokoskorostnom vozdeystvii alyuminievoy chastitsy na massivnuyu pregradu iz splava AMg-6 [Research of the Process of Crater Formation against a High Velocity Impact Produced by an Aluminium Particle onto a Big Obstace Made of AMg-6 Alloy]. Kosmonavtika i raketostroenie [Cosmonautics and Rocket Engineering]. 2011, no. 1(62), pp. 65—73.
  14. Sapozhnikov A.T., Mironova E.E., Shakhova L.N. Uravnenie sostoyaniya alyuminiya s opisaniem plavleniya, ispareniya i ionizatsii [Aluminium State Equation with a Description of Smelting, Evaporation and Ionization]. 8th Session of Zababakhinskie Scientific Readings. Chelyabinsk, 2005, pp. 1—12.

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ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO IDENTIFICATION OF PARAMETERS OF BLAST EFFECTS

Vestnik MGSU 5/2012
  • Mkrtychev Oleg Vartanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Strength of Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Dorozhinskiy Vladimir Bogdanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) postgraduate student, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 45 - 49

Currently, building structures are mainly analyzed through the application of simplified methods of structural dynamics. Towards this end, analysis of an equivalent static load which causes the same effects in respect of structural elements as the dynamic load, is performed. However blast effects represent galloping and extremely nonlinear processes. In this regard, analysis of a blast load is to be performed through the application of methods of nonlinear dynamics to take account of physical, geometrical and structural nonlinearities. The problem is to be solved by motion equations in the pre-set time domain.
The authors propose deterministic methods of analysis of parameters of blast effects and results of simulations generated through the employment of LS-DYNA software. Gas dynamics equations employed to solve the aforementioned problems are provided in the most convenient Eulerian formulation. The modeling of blast effects is performed in the Lagrangian - Eulerian formulation.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.5.45 - 49

References
  1. Orlenko L.P., Andreev S.G., Babkin A.V., Baum F.A., Imhovik N.A., Kobylkin I.F., Kolpakov V.I., Ladov S.V., Odintsov V.A., Ohitin V.N., Selivanov V.V., Soloviev V.S., Stanyukovich K.P., Chelyshev V.P., Shehter B.I. Fizika vzryva [Physics of a Blast]. Moscow, Fizmatlit Publ., 2004, vol. 2, 832 p.
  2. Rastorguev B.S., Plotnikov A.I., Khusnutdinov D.Z. Proektirovanie zdaniy i sooruzheniy pri avariynykh vzryvnykh vozdeystviyakh [Design of Buildings and Structures Exposed to Emergency Blast Effects]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2007,152 p.
  3. Baker W.E., P.A. Cox, Westine P.S., Kulesz J.J., Strehlow. Vzryvnye yavleniya. Otsenka i posledstviya [Blasts. Assessment and Consequences]. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam — Oxford — New York, 1983.
  4. Mkrtychev O.V., Dorozhinskiy V.B. Bezopasnost’ zdaniy i sooruzheniy pri vzryvnykh vozdeystviyakh [Safety of Buildings and Structures Exposed to Blast Effects]. Vestnik NITs «Stroitel’stvo». Issledovaniya po teorii sooruzheniy [Proceedings of Construction Scientific and Research Center. Structural Theory Research], collected papers edited by I.I. Vedyakov, G.S. Vardanyan. Moscow, 2011, no. 3-4 (XXVIII), 21 p.

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PROBABILISTIC MODELING OF EXPLOSIVE LOADING

Vestnik MGSU 11/2012
  • Mkrtychev Oleg Vartanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, head, Scientific Laboratory of Reliability and Seismic Resistance of Structures, Professor, Department of Strength of Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), ; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Dorozhinskiy Vladimir Bogdanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Lecturer, Department of Strength of Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 278 - 282

According to existing design standards, explosive loading represents a special type of loading.
Explosive loading is, in most cases, local in nature, although it can exceed the loads for which
buildings are designed by a dozen of times.
The analysis of terrorist attacks with explosives employed demonstrates that charges have
a great power and, consequently, a substantial shock wave pressure. Blast effects are predictable
with a certain probability. Therefore, we cannot discuss the no-failure operation of individual structures.
The estimated reliability of buildings is a more important problem. That's how we can save
lives of those people who are outside of the area impacted by an explosion.
Explosive loading is a variable random process influenced by a variety of factors, including the
charge geometry, weight, etc. A shock wave can be reflected from surfaces and objects. Reference
data concerning physical properties of models of explosives are provided in various sources. That's
why we can talk about the blast load value with some probability.
The article deals with the probability modeling of the shock wave pressure. The charge weight
is chosen as a random parameter that has a normal Gauss distribution.
Any structural design must be backed by reliable and verified calculations and mathematical
models based on advanced high-speed PCs and software. The finite element software package
ANSYS/LS-DYNA was employed to complete this research. The problem was solved in the time
domain through the employment of the fourth integration of equations of motion.
We can assess the reliability of structures and buildings if we know the parameters of random
explosive effects. Numerical simulation helps identify random explosive impacts. This problem is
relevant in connection with the construction of unique high-rise buildings and extensive sports facilities
that accommodate dozens of thousands of viewers.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.11.278 - 282

References
  1. Selivanov V.V. Chislennaya otsenka vliyaniya formy VV na parametry vozdushnykh udarnykh voln [Numerical Evaluation of Explosive Effects on Parameters of Air Shock Waves]. Fizika goreniya i vzryva [Combustion and Blast Physics]. 1985, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 93—97.
  2. Adushkin V.V., Korotkov A.I. Parametry udarnoy volny vblizi ot zaryada VV pri vzryve v vozdukhe [Air Shock Wave Parameters in Proximity to an Explosive Charge, if the Blast Is Performed in the Air]. Prikladnaya mekhanika i tekhnicheskaya fi zika [Applied Mechanics and Physics]. 1961, no. 5, pp. 119—123.
  3. Orlenko L.P., Andreev S.G., Babkin A.V., Baum F.A., Imkhovik N.A., Kobylkin I.F., Kolpakov V.I., Ladov S.V., Odintsov V.A., Okhitin V.N., Selivanov V.V., Solov’ev V.S., Stanyukovich K.P., Chelyshev V.P., Shekhter B.I. Fizika vzryva [Physics of an Explosion]. Moscow, FIZMATLIT Publ., 2004, 832 p.
  4. Mkrtychev O.V. Bezopasnost’ zdaniy i sooruzheniy pri seysmicheskikh i avariynykh vozdeystviyakh [Safety of Buildings and Structures Exposed to Seismic and Accidental Loads]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2010, 152 ð.
  5. Mkrtychev O.V., Dorozhinskiy V.B.; Vedyakov I.I. and Vardanyan G.S., editors. Bezopasnost’ zdaniy i sooruzheniy pri vzryvnykh vozdeystviyakh [Safety of Buildings and Structures Exposed to Explosive Loads]. Vestnik NITs «Stroitel’stvo». Issledovaniya po teorii sooruzheniy [Proceedings of Research Centre for Construction. Structural Theory Research]. Collected works. Moscow, NITs «Stroitel’stvo» publ., 2011, pp. 21—34.
  6. Larcher M. Simulation of the Effects of an Air Blast Wave. JRC 41337. European Communities, 2007.
  7. Schwer L. A Brief Introduction to Coupling Load Blast Enhanced with Multi-Material ALE: the Best of Both Worlds for Air Blast Simulation. LS-DYNA Forum, Bamberg, 2010.
  8. Khristoforov B.D. Vliyanie svoystv istochnika na deystvie vzryva v vozdukhe i vode [Influence of the Blast Source Properties on Blast Effects in the Air and in the Water]. Fizika goreniya i vzryva [Combustion and Blast Physics]. 2004, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 115—118.
  9. Gel’fand B.E., Sil’nikov M.V. Fugasnye effekt vzryvov [Fougasse Effect of Blasts]. St.Petersburg, Poligon Publ., 2002, 272 p.
  10. Rayzer V.D. Teoriya nadezhnosti v stroitel’nom proektirovanii [Theory of Reliability in Structural Design]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 1998, 304 p.
  11. Rzhanitsyn A.R. Teoriya rascheta stroitel’nykh konstruktsiy na nadezhnost’ [Theory of Reliability Analysis of Structures]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1978, 239 p.

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Nonlinear calculation of reinforced concrete structures to the impact of the air shock wave

Vestnik MGSU 1/2019 Volume 14
  • Savenkov Anton Y. - АO «Atomenergoproyekt» Lead Engineer, АO «Atomenergoproyekt», 7 Bakuninskaya st., Moscow, 105005, Russian Federation.
  • Mkrtychev Oleg V. - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of Department of Strength of Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.

Pages 33-45

Introduction. Researched methods of accounting for the nonlinear operation of reinforced concrete structures on the example of an industrial structure, when exposed to an air shock wave using modern software systems based on the finite element method. The calculation of reinforced concrete construction to the impact of an air shock wave, if no increased requirements for tightness are presented to it, in accordance with current regulatory documents, must be carried out taking into account the elastic-plastic work, crack opening in the stretched zone of concrete and plastic deformations of reinforcement are allowed. Reviewed by new coupling approach to determining the dynamic loads of a shock wave, implemented in the LS-DYNA software package, which allows to take into account the effects of a long-range explosion and wave-wrapping around a structure. Materials and methods. The study of the stress-strain state of the structures was carried out using numerical simulation. For the nonlinear equivalent-static method, a step-by-step calculation algorithm is used, with gradual accumulation and distribution of stresses, implemented in the LIRA-SAPR software package. For the nonlinear dynamic method, the Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation is used using the methods of gas dynamics in the LS-DYNA software package. Results. As a result of numerical simulation, the following was done analysis of existing methods of nonlinear calculations; analysis of the existing loads during the flow of shock waves around the structure; analysis of the forces and movements in the bearing elements, as well as pictures of the destruction of concrete and reinforcement. Conclusions. According to the results of the comparison of the two approaches, conclusions are drawn about the advantages and disadvantages of the methods. Advantages of nonlinear dynamic calculation methods are noted compared to the equivalent-static ones. Use of the combined approach to the description of the shock wave front gives a reduction in time and allows us to describe the interaction of the wave with the structure with sufficient accuracy. The findings indicate the relevance of the study and provide an opportunity to move to more reasonable computational models.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2019.1.33-45

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