"Вестник МГСУ"

Multilayer exterior walls are wide-spread in modern civil construction. One type of such structures is a three-layer wall with insulation layer made of lightweight concrete and exterior layers made of structural concrete. It is necessary to provide durable monolithic connection of concrete layers in the process of manufacturing this structure in order to decrease the percentage of web reinforcement and increase thermal engineering homogeneity of multilayer exterior walls. Experimental research of three-layer samples with external layers made of claydite-concrete and internal layer made of polystyrene concrete were conducted in order to establish the strength of layer connections in the multilayer exterior wall. Different temporal parameters and concrete strength were assigned during manufacturing of the samples. The samples were tested under axial tension and shear in the layer contact zone. The nature of tensile rupture and shearing failure was checked after the tests. The relations between manufacturing parameters, strength of the concrete used in samples and layer connection strength were established as a result of experimental research. The climatic tests of three-layer exterior wall model made of claydite-concrete and polystyrene concrete were conducted in order to establish the reduction of the layers contact zone strength during the maintenance. The wall model was made of concrete samples of varying strength. The experimental model was exposed to 35 cycles of alternate freezing and thawing in climatic chamber. During freezing and thawing, the strength tests of external and internal layers contact zone by tearing the cylindrical samples were conducted. Consequently, the nature of contact zone strength reduction for the samples with different concrete strength of external and internal layers was established. As a result of the conducted research, the optimal temporal parameters of manufacturing and optimal concrete strength were established. It is recommended to use these parameters in the process of manufacturing multilayer concrete exterior walls in order to provide durability of the concrete layers monolithic connection during maintenance of the structure.

Subject: among the modern heat-insulating materials lightweight concrete on porous aggregates is widely used. Currently, porous aggregates are mainly represented by expanded clay gravel, which has some drawbacks in its physical and mechanical properties: high content of split grains and significant grain shape factor. The presence of split grains in expanded clay gravel leads to an increase in consumption of cement paste. Significant grain shape factor limits the use of expanded clay gravel in lightweight concrete of higher strength. Granulated foam glass is an alternative porous aggregate for lightweight concrete. It is characterized by high physical and mechanical properties and low values of thermal conductivity. Research objectives: in this article, the results of studies of physical and mechanical properties of expanded clay gravel and granulated foam glass are presented, the differences between these materials are revealed and the possibility of using granulated foam glass as a porous aggregate in lightweight concrete is studied. Materials and methods: properties of granulated foam glass and expanded clay gravel are determined according to the standards. Conclusions: according to the test results, it was found that granulated foam glass has higher values for a complex of physical and mechanical properties in comparison with expanded clay gravel, produced traditionally. However, the compressive strength test in the cylinder showed that the granulated foam glass has a significantly lower strength than the expanded clay gravel with the same value of their apparent density. Also during the tests, the possibility of using granulated foam glass to obtain a lightweight concrete corresponding to the grade class B5 and density class D1000 was established. In this case, there is a need to adjust the grain-size composition of the aggregate and component composition of concrete mixture.

Introduction. The paper presents theoretical and experimental studies of the improvement of the structure of lightweight concrete, which provides the maximum value of the attenuation of the amplitude of external air temperature fluctuations during the passage of heat flow through the walls and the reduction of thermal conductivity, the results of the 3-factor experiment on determining the rational structure of claydite concrete and the methods for their processing. To determine the purposeful structure of the composition of lightweight concrete and its thermal conductivity, a complex of research works was carried out at the Central Research Institute for Housing, applied to lightweight concrete for exterior walls. The main optimization criterion was the maximum reduction in thermal conductivity while providing the necessary strength, durability and waterproofness. The purpose of this work is theoretical research and experimental substantiation of methods for improving the structure of lightweight concrete used for a hot climate with improved functional performance. Materials and methods. As material a claydite gravel with bulk density p = 400 kg/m3 of Lianozovsky plant (Moscow) was used, at a ratio of 40 % of the fraction 5-10 mm and 60 % of the fraction 10-20 mm and a Portland cement of the brand “400” of the Voskresensky plant, not plasticized. The water flow rate was varied for 10 seconds, to ensure the mixture to be vibropacked.As a foam generating agent and plasticizer, the “Saponified wood resin” (SDO) was used in a 5 % aqueous solution. The methods were adopted in accordance with the Recommendation on the technology of factory production and quality control of lightweight concrete and large-panel constructions of residential buildings. M. CNIIEP dwelling, 1980. In the department of the lightweight concrete application at CNIIEP of dwelling, a method for the purposeful formation of the structure and composition of lightweight concrete, which provides a set of physic-technical, technological and technical-economic requirements, was developed. Results. Calculations are reduced to obtaining mathematical models of dependence of strength R, density ρ, thermai conductivity λ and other indicators of concrete characteristics from initial factors in the form of regression equations. Based on the equations obtained, it was possible to determine the expedient composition of lightweight concrete, which, in combination with the operational characteristics, provides comparable results of the technical and economic characteristics of a single-layer structure from the projected type of lightweight concrete. Conclusions. 1. An improved composition of the structural and heat insulating lightweight concrete for the load-bearing part of the structure, providing its high thermal stability by chemical additives and low consumption of porous sand, was developed. An algorithm for selecting its composition on computer is made. 2. The conducted researches in the field of design of external enclosing structures for hot climate conditions have shown that: single-layer exterior wall constructions with massiveness of D ≤ 4 provide minimum allowable values of heat flux attenuation and temperature fluctuation amplitude on the inner wall surface.