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PROBLEMS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Creative aspects of architectural education on the example of low-rise house course project. Part 1. Design methods

Vestnik MGSU 7/2015
  • Balakina Alevtina Evgen’evna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Architecture, Professor, chair, Department of Building Design and Urban Development, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Tesler Kirill Igorevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Architectural Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Department of Design of Buildings, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Tesler Nadezhda Dmitrievna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) assistant, Department of Design of Buildings, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Kovalev Yuriy Germanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Senior Lecturer, Department of Building Design and Urban Development, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 147-157

One of the main aspects of architectural education is development of the sequence, an algorithm of design, generation of space and planning solution with account for all the limiting factors and requirements. In different periods of society and science development the process of architectural design, its aims and methods have been changed. For example in the 20th century the most important thing was correspondence of buildings and structures to everyday and industrial requirements. At the present time in general the architectural society came to the conclusion that the form and the function are closely related and influence each other. The article highlights the following aspects of current architectural design process: the initial data and design task influence on the method selection, the problem of form and function relation, contemporary trends in searching the form. Two basic methods are exposed: “from the form to the function” and “from the function to the form”. The article uncovers the design phases and shows different elements’ impact on each phase.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.7.147-157

References
  1. Barkhin B.G. Metodika arkhitekturnogo proektirovaniya [Architectural Design Methodology]. 2nd edition, revised. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1982, 225 p. (In Russian)
  2. Molchanov V.M. Osnovy arkhitekturnogo proektirovaniya: sotsial’no-funktsional’nye aspekty [Basics of Architectural Design: Socio-Functional Aspects.]. Rostov-on-Don, Feniks Publ., 2004, 160 p. (In Russian)
  3. Cannon P.F. Louis Sullivan: Creating a New American Architecture. Pomegranate, 2011, 192 p.
  4. Kuleshova A.A. Funktsionalizm kak khudozhestvennoe yavlenie [Functionalism as an Artistic Phenomenon]. Kul’tura i obrazovanie [Culture and Education]. September 2013, no. 1. Available at: http://vestnik-rzi.ru/2013/09/876. Date of access: 29.11.2014. (In Russian)
  5. Ikonnikov A.V. Funktsiya, forma, obraz v arkhitekture [Function, Form and Image in Architecture]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1986, 288 p. (In Russian)
  6. Jones J.C. Design methods, 2nd Edition. David Fulton Publishers, London, 1992, 472 p.
  7. Kandinskiy V. Tochka i liniya na ploskosti [Point and Line to Plane]. Translated from German. Saint Petersburg, Azbuka Publ., 2005, 240 p. (Azbuka-Klassika Series)(In Russian)
  8. Mamoshin M.A. Sovremennaya teoriya formoobrazovaniya v arkhitekture. Opyt analiza i prakticheskogo voploshcheniya [The Modern Theory of Form Making in Architecture. Experience in Analysis and Practical Implementation]. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov [Bulletin of Civil Engineers]. March 2006, no. 1 (6), pp. 9—15. (In Russian)
  9. Stepanov A.V., Mal’gin V.I. Ob”emno-prostranstvennaya kompozitsiya [Volume-Spatial Composition]. Moscow, Arkhitektura-S Publ., 2007, 256 p. (In Russian)
  10. Ikonnikov A.V., Stepanov G.P. Osnovy arkhitekturnoy kompozitsii [Fundamentals of Architectural Composition]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1971, 225 p. (In Russian)
  11. Jenks C. The Language of Post-Modern Architecture. Rizzoli; 6th edition, 204 p.
  12. Sergeychuk P.S. Metafora kak mekhanizm obraznogo vospriyatiya arkhitekturnoy formy [Metaphor as a Mechanism of Image Perception of Architectural Form] Prospekt Svobodnyy-2015 : materialy nauchnoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 70-letiyu Velikoy Pobedy (15—25 aprelya 2015 g.) [Materials of the International Scientific Conference Dedicated to the 70th Anniversary of the Victory “Free Prospect-2015” (April 15—25 2015). Krasnoyarsk, Sibirskiy federal’nyy universitet Publ., 2015. Available at: http://conf.sfu-kras.ru/825. Date of access: 08.05.2015. (In Russian)
  13. Khan-Magomedov S.O. Suprematizm i arkhitektura (problemy formoobrazovaniya) [Suprematism and Architecture (the Problem of Formation)]. Moscow, Arkhitektura-S Publ., 2007, 520 p. (In Russian)
  14. Nikol’skiy A.S. Vtoroe sobesedovanie [The Second Interview]. Mastera sovetskoy arkhitektury ob arkhitekture : v 2 tomakh [Masters of Soviet Architecture about the Architecture: In 2 volumes]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1975, vol. 1, p. 497. (In Russian)
  15. Andrews J. Architectural Visions — Contemporary Sketches, Perspectives, Drawings. Braun, 2009, 368 p.
  16. Jones W. Architect’s Sketchbooks. Thames & Hudson, 2011, 351 p.
  17. Markuzon V.F., Mikhaylov B.P., editors. Vseobshchaya istoriya arkhitektury : v 12-ti tomakh [Universal History of Architecture : in 12 volumes]. 2nd edition, revised. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1973, vol. 2: Arkhitektura antichnogo mira (Gretsiya i Rim) [Architecture of the Ancient World. Greece and Rome]. 712 p. (In Russian)
  18. Melodinskiy D.L. Arkhitekturnaya masshtabnost’ kak sistema: evolyutsiya ponyatiya [Architectural Scale as the System: the Evolution of the Concept]. Arkhitekton: izvestiya vuzov [Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education]. Mart 2015, no. 49. Available at: http://archvuz.ru/2015_1/2. Date of access: 05.05.2015. (In Russian)
  19. Demina A.V., El’chishcheva T.F. Maloetazhnoe zhiloe zdanie. Ch. I. Nesushchie i ograzhdayushchie konstruktsii [Low-rise Residential Building. Part I. Bearing and Enclosing Constructions]. Tambov, TGTU Publ., 2009, 52 p. (In Russian)
  20. Tomina T.S. Osnovnye funktsii voobrazheniya dizaynerov [The Main Functions of Designer’s Imagination]. Arkhitekton: izvestiya vuzov [Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education]. September 2013, no. 42. Sopplement. Available at: http://archvuz.ru/2013_22/82. Date of access: 05.05.2015. (In Russian)

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Factors affecting formation of space planning solutions as part of reconstruction of multifunctional medical facilities

Vestnik MGSU 9/2012
  • Tesler Nadezhda Dmitrievna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) assistant, Department of Design of Buildings, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Malykha Galina Gennadevna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chair, Department of Construction Informatics 8 (495) 781-80-07, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Petrunin Vadim Viktorovich - Giprokon L-D Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy General Director in charge of Medical Facilities 8 (495) 933-87-21, Giprokon L-D, 7 Gilyarovskogo St., Moscow, 129090, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 48 - 54

The article deals with the problems that accompany reconstruction of multifunctional medical
facilities (MMF). This subject is highly relevant in Russia, as the majority of these institutions need
modernization and refurbishment. There is a need to develop an optimal algorithm of reconstruction
design development and to identify the factors that affect the formation of space-planning solutions
associated with the reconstruction.
The first step of the algorithm may be the analysis of the current condition of the facility, or the
medical technological survey (MTS). Its objective is to obtain the data concerning the structure of
the facility: its realistic unit structure, its occupied work areas, specialization of its units, exact names
and location of all rooms, regular staffing. The second step is the formation of medical technological
objectives (MTO). At this step, the post-reconstruction structure of the medical facility may be
determined, including the identification of the main functional zones, qualitative and quantitative
characteristics and types of basic technological and engineering items of equipment to be installed
there. An integral part of the MTO is the programme of useful floor area of the MMF. This document
is to enlist all premises of the facility, including their normative dimensions. This programme may
be used to find out the preliminary total area of the construction facility. The next step is formation of space-planning solutions. As an example, the authors describe the reconstruction of the
N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Centre in Moscow. Based on the research performed by the authors,
the following factors affecting the formation of space planning solutions are identified:
1. Deficiency of useful space in the existing functional units of the MMF, determined on the
basis of the MTO.
2. Need for the future development of the MMF identified jointly with the management of the
health facility and based on the analysis of the situation and identification of top-priority development
objectives.
3. Functional zoning of the MMF.
4. Size, shape and topography of the territory to be restructured.
5. Alternative urban planning solutions for consideration.
6. Regulatory requirements applicable to the design of medical facilities.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.9.48 - 54

References
  1. Kas’yanov V.F., Tabakov N.A. Opyt zarubezhnykh stran v oblasti rekonstruktsii gorodskoy zastroyki [International Experience in Reconstruction of the Urban Built Environment] Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 8, pp. 21—27.
  2. Bokov A.V. Sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya material’no-tekhnicheskoy bazy zdravookhraneniya [Status and Prospects for Development of the Material and Technical Base of the Healthcare]. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo [Industrial and Civil Engineering]. 2008, no. 8, pp. 13—15.
  3. Annex to the Resolution of Moscow Government of October 4, 2011, no. 461-PP “Moscow State Programme for the Mid-term Period (2012-2016). Development of Healthcare in Moscow (Healthcare in the Capital)”. Available at: http://www.government.ru. Date of access: 15.06.2012.
  4. Chand S., Architecture and the Hospital. Architecture Australia. 2002, vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 64—65.
  5. Yas’kova N.Yu., Karasik D.M. Programmno-tselevye metody razvitiya stroitel’stva. Sovremennyy format gorodskikh tselevykh programm [Programme-oriented Methods of Construction Development. Contemporary Format of Target-Oriented Urban Development Programmes]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 3, pp. 182—186.
  6. Reference materials designated for the meeting of the Russian Federation Government of September 23, 2010, concerning the main priorities of the social and economic development of the Russian Federation in 2011—2013. Available at: http://www.government.ru. Date of access: 06.06.2012.
  7. Federal target investment program for 2012 and for the period of 2013 and 2014. Available at: http://www.government.ru. Date of access: 06.06.2012.
  8. Gel’fond A.L. Arkhitekturnoe proektirovanie obshchestvennykh zdaniy i sooruzheniy [Architectural Design of Public Buildings and Structures]. Ìoscow, Arkhitektura-S Publ., 2006, 241 p.
  9. Chebereva O.N. Printsipy strukturirovaniya ob”emno-prostranstvennogo resheniya meditsinskikh statsionarov v svete predstoyashchey modernizatsii [Principles of Structuring of Space Planning Solutions for Hospitals Awaiting Reconstruction]. Privolzhskiy nauchnyy zhurnal [Privolzhskiy Scientific Journal]. 2007, no.1, pp. 78—82.
  10. Genova B.T. Printsipy sistemnogo formirovaniya gibkoy planirovochnoy struktury i ee primeneniya pri rekonstruktsii bol’nichnykh kompleksov (na primere okruzhnykh bol’nits v NRB) [Principles of Systemic Formation of the Flexible Planning Structure and Its Application to Reconstruction of Hospital Facilities (Exemplified by District Hospitals in the Republic of Bulgaria)]. Ìoscow, 1981.

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