"Вестник МГСУ"

The authors discuss some of the properties of linear variations of ellipticity within the framework
of planimetry. Six elliptic models were constructed through the employment of geometrography-
related methods: an ellipse interrelated with the (i) golden proportion and a (ii) focal plane
rectangle; (iii) a constant of the perimetry of the focal diamond; (iv) compression of the base circle
in the axial direction (y); (v) differential straight lines of the moving point of an ellipse; (vi) compass
incidence, a composition of transformations of the shift and homothety.
Characteristic lines that run in the neighborhood of some point of the ellipse are demonstrated.
The characteristic lines in question include those that can be employed as part of various composite
solutions related to the fragments of structures being constructed.
A set of closed polygons and curves with selected lines passing through the characteristic
points of the circle squaring - these are the geometrographic structures that can form the basis of
composite solutions to the problem of design. The authors also believe that the properties employed
by the golden mean increase the aesthetic constituent of the solution.

Methods of modification of the foamed fibre concrete technology and optimization of its parameters within the framework of methodologies of new construction materials developed by the specialists of Department of Technology of Finishing and Insulation Materials of MSUCE is considered in the paper. The methodology of highly porous materials is based on the research and modeling of their structure, and optimization of the process of their manufacturing. The core constituent of the proposed methodology is the identification of the markets for the designed products, as well as the pre-setting of their properties and assurance of their stability over the time.
The foamed fibre concrete technology represents modified procedures of preparation of the foam, the mineral component, and the basalt fiber, the blending of the components, their casting and heat treatment. The process-related parameters were subjected to double-staged analysis: Stage 1 represented an experiment encompassing the whole process. As a result of the experiment, factors of major impact (or control parameters) were identified. At Stage 2, factorial experiment was conducted to identify second-order mathematical dependencies. The results were subjected to analytical optimization, and graphical representation of dependencies was performed. Selection of the composition and optimal process parameters was performed with the help of G-BAT-2011 software programme developed at MSUCE.
It was identified that the basalt fibre consumption rate influences both the strength and the density of products made of cellular concrete. The length of the basalt fibre impacts the strength of products. A nomogram was developed to identify the consumption rate of the basalt fibre driven by the strength of products and the Portland cement consumption rate. The authors also studied the influence of the consumption rate of Portland cement and basalt fibre onto the structural quality ratio of the foamed fibre concrete.

The paper considers the method of data structure modeling. A lot of attention is driven to attributes
to be implemented in information objects. The structure is to be formed in the following way: semantic
attributes, commercial attributes, executive attributes, organizational attributes, service attributes.
Characteristics of each type of attributes are described in details.
For example, the name of the document, its content, the list of enclosures, the language of the
document represent semantic attributes.
Commercial attributes are the attributes that cannot be defined as semantic ones. For instance,
the account number, its date, sum, currency, indices reflect the degree of complexity, the
current scope of work performed, etc.
Executive attributes represent the process of the document execution, or its coordination between
the parties involved in the construction process.
Organizational attributes may indicate the registration date, the document version, privileges
of users, etc.
Service attributes are used to keep, to copy and to archive documents. For instance, file
name, file format, place of storage, etc.
The proposed data structure can be implemented in the development of integrated information
systems.

The problem of synthesis of technology-intensive constituents of an intelligent office system, implemented in advanced office buildings, is the subject matter of this article. On the basis of the proposed classification and the analysis performed by the author, the general structure of the multilevel distributed system, that has radial treelike lines of communications, is developed. The structure of the intelligent office system designated for advanced real estate facilities represents an integration of two structures, including the functional constituent and the hardware constituent. The model of optimization of the hardware constituent is proposed by the author. The article also contains an overview of the model implementation within the framework of a set of intelligent buildings in the centre of Moscow.

Masonry is a complex multicomponent composite composed of dissimilar materials (brick / stone and mortar). The process of masonry deformation under load depends on the mechanical characteristics of the basic composite materials, as well as of the parameters belonging to the elements, which define the link between brick and mortar being the structural elements. The paper provides an analysis of the experimental study results of masonry behaviour in two-dimensional stress state at primary stresses of opposite signs; identifies the mechanisms of masonry failure that are in compliance with the conditions of stress state. The work shows the key role that structural elements play in the formation of masonry failure processes. On the basis of failure mechanisms educed from the experiments, there was developed a discrete model of masonry. The processes and the corresponding strength criteria, which play a key role in the implementation of plastic deformation phase, have been detected. It has been shown that the plastic deformation of masonry under biaxial stresses occurs in case of the physical linear behavior of the basic materials (brick and mortar). It has been also substantiated that the plastic properties of masonry under biaxial stresses are determined by the processes occurring at the contact interaction nodes between brick and mortar in bed and cross joints. The values of the plasticity coefficients for masonry depending on the mechanical properties of a brick, a mortar and adhesive strength in their interaction have been obtained basing on the results of the performed numerical investigations.

The authors demonstrate that the foam concrete performance can be improved by dispersed reinforcement, including methods that involve basalt fibres. They address the results of the foam concrete modeling technology and assess the importance of technology-related parameters. Reinforcement efficiency criteria are also provided in the article.
Dispersed reinforcement improves the plasticity of the concrete mix and reduces the settlement crack formation rate. Conventional reinforcement that involves metal laths and rods demonstrates its limited application in the production of concrete used for thermal insulation and structural purposes. Dispersed reinforcement is preferable. This technology contemplates the infusion of fibres into porous mixes. Metal, polymeric, basalt and glass fibres are used as reinforcing components.
It has been identified that products reinforced by polypropylene fibres demonstrate substantial abradability and deformability rates even under the influence of minor tensile stresses due to the low adhesion strength of polypropylene in the cement matrix.
The objective of the research was to develop the type of polypropylene of D500 grade that would demonstrate the operating properties similar to those of Hebel and Ytong polypropylenes. Dispersed reinforcement was performed by the basalt fibre. This project contemplates an autoclave-free technology to optimize the consumption of electricity. Dispersed reinforcement is aimed at the reduction of the block settlement in the course of hardening at early stages of their operation, the improvement of their strength and other operating properties. Reduction in the humidity rate of the mix is based on the plasticizing properties of fibres, as well as the application of the dry mineralization method.
Selection of optimal parameters of the process-related technology was performed with the help of G-BAT-2011 Software, developed at Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. The authors also provide their overview of intellectual property rights and an economic efficiency assessment.

In large cities, fuel consumption is growing rapidly, and therefore the number of filling stations. And they are a source of anthropogenic impact on the environment and represent current scientific and practical task, because recently no research was conducted into the optimization of monitoring systems in the construction of gas station storage tanks, and no activity on replacing the obsolete design with new storage tanks. In this regard, much attention should be paid to the creation of geo-environmental systems integrated assessment of the environment, as well as modeling and forecasting various negative situations. In the modern world, the creation of such systems is possible with the help of modern computer tools such as geographic information systems.

The author offers an original concept designated for the generation of the model designated to simulate interaction between the enterprises comprising one major construction company within the framework of the production and logistics chain, comprising production facilities, transport enterprises, construction and assembly companies. The author has identified the factors that may produce an adverse effect on construction operations or cause untimely commissioning of a construction facility. The author employed methods of mathematics to describe the operations performed by each constituent enterprise. A graphic model describing each operation was compiled through the integration of mathematical functions. The model binds specific operations, performed by constituent companies, to deadlines, drives attention to interaction bottlenecks, and makes adjustments to assure reliable attainment of the main goal, that is, the timely commissioning of a construction facility.

The article contains summarized results of the research into developed software programme capable of processing findings of hydraulic experiments held at pressure pipelines (protective coatings). The authors describe the algorithm of the analysis procedure, sequential analysis, mathematical and hydro-mechanical modeling of the process of transformation of hydraulic values. The authors provide their concept of the dialog box and description of input and output information, as well as functions of the software programme at intermediate stages of the hydraulic analysis. Basic input information supplied into the hydraulic analysis software programme includes the pipeline, its inner diameter, length, and acceptable roughness error.Whenever a user presses the “display result” button, interim information is displayed on the screen and, if necessary, a set of output information is provided in the form of tables and graphs. The choice for the optimal solution is made on the basis of the minimum margin of error between experimental and analytical values of the pipe roughness.The findings may be useful to researchers involved in the study of hydraulic characteristics of pipelines made of various materials and to designers and builders engaged in renovation of sections of pipelines.

The author explores the main principles of modeling the energy performance of residential buildings using WUFI®plus software. The author also assesses and analyzes images generated using WUFI+ software within the framework of the simulation of energy parameters of residential buildings. The article also has an experimental analysis of expensive and time-consuming factors that can be avoided thanks to the WUFI®plus software which allows for (1) easy and quick changes in the structure and its design, (2) input of different boundary conditions as well as (3) various values of parameters like material characteristics.

At all stages of the construction design, from conceptual searches to approving the project documentation development, images are important as monoprojections on which the construction basic forms are effectively and expressively shown. Studying the construction of such monoprojections is began even in the first year of higher education, and then they are used to perform term papers and the thesis design. Purpose of study is the choice of the preferred algorithm for solving the problem of constructing monometric projections of trimetric axonometries in the context of the mapping processe computerization, taking into account the form of the object and the conditions for its presentation. In the article, the methodology of the trimetric axonometry monoprojection formation is considered in conditions of the mapping processe computerization. The methods of the metric object point fixation can be selected under the following conditions: orthogonal coordination in the reference point planes; oblique dependence; mixed, i.e., ortho-oblique-angled coordination; they can also contain intermediate transformations for various simplifications. Problems of constructing trimetric axonometry monoprojections at the mapping processe computerization are considered. Since in such cases the number of parameters of the necessary geometrical transformation increases, it becomes possible to use various algorithms for solving the problem. Based on the undertaken studies, conclusions were drawn on possible transformations for obtaining a trimetric monoprojection model and greatly simplifying the solution of problems in the construction object design.

A lot of papers have been dedicated to simulation of dynamic processes in soil and underground structures. For example, some authors considered wave distribution in underground water pipes for creation of vibration monitoring system, others considered theoretical and algorithm aspects of efficient implementation of realistic seismic wave attenuation due to viscosity development with the help of Finite Difference Method, etc. The paper describes the numerical simulation, designed for simulation of the stress-strain state in the ground subjected to wave processes. We consider the ground with a concrete structure immersed in. The purpose of the work is the description of small vibrations in hard soil, which can nevertheless make undesirable impact on the objects in the ground or on the surface. Explicit Wilkins type scheme is used for time integration. It has proven to be successful, including the use in a well-known LS-DYNA code. As a result we created our own computer code based on the finite element method (FEM). An example of its practical usage is given.

In urban areas it is impossible to hold credible generalized field observations of climate due to the vastness and diversity of the territories. Therefore, the most acceptable way to resolve problems should be considered as the application of thermophysical modeling.

The authors argue that optimization of monitoring systems is a complicated task, as multiple
factors need to be taken account of at one and the same time. The authors consider a monitoring
system as a system of "supervision" that incorporates a set of tools, as well as registration,
archiving, classification, and analysis of inspection results, inclusive of their comparison with the
projected data, development and implementation of engineering solutions.
The basic goal of any geomechanical monitoring project consists in development of a methodology
of rational arrangement of items of monitoring equipment that employ GIS technologies. The
objective of this research is to apply advanced numerical methods in combination with geographic
information systems with a view to the optimization of a system of monitoring applicable to subterranean
structures. Should the proven methodological and scientific validity of the research findings
be in place, long-term geomechanical projections of the structural behaviour will be feasible. The
proposed methodology may be introduced as a standard method of structural behaviour monitoring
in the course of construction and operation of structures for engineering solutions to be made in the
real-time mode. The principal goal of a monitoring system is the identification of the rock nature,
processes initiated in the medium, their development pattern, and the identification of technical and
economic factors of impact onto the engineering solutions to be made at each stage of engineering
surveys, design, construction and operation of major subterranean structures.
The analysis of calculations made for various loading scenarios have proven that any further
research should take account of a lateral load that is equal to doubled vertical loads.
The research was performed at a subterranean structure composed of two parallel chamber pits.
The analysis of GIS modeling methods has proven that development of GIS projects requires
the employment of statistical methods of the multidimensional analysis. Employment of multidimensional
analysis methods makes it possible to examine the geological features that demonstrate a
high degree of complexity. Terrain modeling requires the employment of models of formal characterization
and differentiation. Identification of positions of geological strata and tectonic dislocations
may be reduced to interpolation and extrapolation.
The model of a subterranean structure is implemented in the GIS and databases, and it incorporates
the data banks entitled "Rock", "Massif", "Structure and Massif", as well as the data banks.
that contain surveying, geological and supplementary information. The GIS also comprises a topographic
site plan, a geologic description of a massif (stratifi cation, lamination, as well as a complete
assessment of each major massif crack).
The subterranean structure of a radioactive waste storage site was the subject of a 3D numerical
experiment. Its results were entered into the GIS project database. Positions and lengths
of extensometers were optimized on the basis of the simulation performed in furtherance of the
methodology developed by the authors. Positions of extensometers were registered in the GIS as
reference points.

This paper suggests that building information modeling is predominantly aimed at deriving certain economic benefits. The construction schedule is prepared without considering the proper balance in the environment. Due to their complex and diverse nature, construction operations cannot be ideally modeled in terms of environmental sustainability. Still, a reduction of some hazardous impacts is manageable. This paper primarily focuses on the methodology that can be used to calculate the volume of polluting substances emitted during machinery operation. It highlights that during construction of large residential and environmental complexes, when several objects and linear facilities of tens or hundreds kilometers are being built simultaneously, it is especially dangerous to use a fleet of machines and mechanisms. The originality of this paper is underpinned by the conceptually new approach to the environmental basis of the construction processes during building construction. Hazardous emissions are suggested to be calculated using the generally known methodology for determining the maximum amount of technical resources required per shift. Given a known machinery brand, engine capacity and the number of operating shifts of a machine or mechanism, the maximum emission volume can be derived. By comparing the calculation results with the maximum allowable concentrations, the final conclusion can be made regarding the conformity of the construction schedule with the applicable environmental standards.

Subject: a technique for optimizing parameters of the soft soil model with account for creep (soft Soil Creep model) using the PLAXIS 3D geotechnical software package is presented. The results of laboratory tests of soils are compared with the results of modeling in the software package, the process of optimizing the parameters obtained in the laboratory for use in software systems is described, and description of the process of testing the obtained parameters for adequacy (approximation to the behavior in the process of testing) is given. The obtained technique is relevant for application in geotechnical calculations. Research objectives: description of the technique for optimizing parameters of the soft soil model with creep taken into account using the PLAXIS 3D geotechnical software package; comparative analysis of the obtained results of laboratory tests of soils with simulation results in the software package. Materials and methods: when describing the technique for optimizing parameters of the soft soil model, taking into account the creep, numerical methods of solution were used. Laboratory studies of soils were carried out on certified equipment in accordance with the current set of regulations, and the numerical calculations were performed on a certified PLAXIS 3D software package. Results: the technique presented in the article on optimization of parameters of the soft soil model, taking into account the creep, allows us to estimate the degree of correctness of the soil massif behavior simulation in the software package relative to the behavior of the real soil in laboratory setup. This is necessary when this technique is used in geotechnical calculations, since it is very important for designers and analysists to know how well the soil behavior modeled with the software system can approximate the behavior of the soil during actual testing. Conclusions: the conducted comparative analysis and the proposed technique for optimizing parameters of the soft soil model with allowance for creep are obtained from the practical experience of works carried out for determining parameters of the described soil model and applying this model for geotechnical analysis of the stress-strain state of the bases of buildings and structures, being designed and under construction.

Subject: transport of fluid containing suspended solid particles significantly affects the strength and stability of underground storage facilities, tunnels and hydraulic structures. The process of suspension filtration and displacement of suspension by a flow of fluid is considered in this article. Research background: filtration problems have been intensively studied for the last half-century. During this period, filtration models have become much more advanced. When modeling long-term deep bed filtration, modern researchers have to take into account the numerous factors that influence the transport and deposition of microscopic particles in the porous media. A number of models are being constructed on the basis of balance relationship between suspended and retained particles. Stochastic approaches to filtration problems using the Boltzmann model, network models and random walk equations are also successfully being developed. Research objectives: the study of an advanced one-dimensional model of suspension filtration in a solid porous medium when the suspension is being displaced with pure water. Materials and methods: we consider the process of displacement of suspension with pure water in a porous medium at which the transfer of fine particles and the accumulation of a deposit occur. The mechanical and geometric interaction of particles with a porous medium is the basis of our mathematical model: the solid particles freely pass through the large pores and get stuck in the pores whose size is smaller than the particle diameter. It is assumed that the fluid flow or other particles cannot knock out the retained particles. Deep bed filtration model is described by the equation of mass balance of suspended and retained particles of suspension and the kinetic equation for growth of deposit. When deep bed filtration process is long, the number of free small pores is significantly reduced, which leads to the changes in permeability and porosity of the porous medium. In order to account for this phenomenon, in contrast to the classical filtration equations, the dependence of the coefficients of mass balance equation on deposit concentration is introduced. In this problem at the initial moment a porous medium is filled with a suspension of retained and suspended particles at given concentrations. At filter inlet the pure water starts flowing, which displaces the suspension and gradually fills the porous medium. In the porous medium with pure water the filtering of suspension is terminated, the suspended particles concentration becomes zero, and the retained particles concentration is constant. The numerical calculation is performed by the method of finite differences. Results: for the deep bed filtration problem with variable porosity and permeability, a moving boundary between two phases has been identified, i.e., the front of the moving water flow, and its graph is constructed. Three-dimensional plots of retained and suspended particles concentrations and plots of their two-dimensional cross-section at a fixed time and for a prescribed distance from the filter input are created. The numerical solution is compared with the exact solution for the case of constant coefficients. Conclusions: it is shown that the filtration model with constant functions of porosity and permeability for small values of time can be a linear approximation of more general nonlinear models. Practical significance: planning and development of modern technologies for wastewater and industrial waste treatment, protection of underground structures from groundwater and flood waters, strengthening of porous soil by the concrete grouting method are based on the results of mathematical modeling of filtration problems. The results of the paper allow us to reduce the amount and cost of laboratory research and optimize the cleaning technologies of filter systems.

Introduction. An approach to the development of the organizational-technological model of the life cycle of a medical facility building is presented. Buildings of medical organizations have a number of features in the design, construction and operation. The buildings of nuclear medicine are subject to particularly high requirements of radiation and fire safety. Materials and methods. To organize the design, construction and maintenance of medical buildings, it is advisable to create and develop an organizational and technological model of the medical building life cycle. Such model was created by the author in the form of a business processes sequence. Confirmation of the effectiveness of the model is carried out with the help of multi-criteria expert evaluation. Results. To solve this problem, it is proposed a number of changes in the order of the investment project carrying. A new element is the Preliminary justification of the requirements for the health facility. It should become a mandatory document when obtaining a town-planning plan of the ground area, which is in Russia a de facto permission to design. It is also proposed to prepare technical requirements of three levels. The first level requirements are used for pre-design stage procedures. The requirements of the second level are included in the medical and technical design assignment. The requirements of the third level are applied to the detailed design, as well as to the construction and maintenance of the facility. Requirements are included in the requirement system and must be checked at key stages of the project. At the preliminary project phase, it is also advisable to make a technical and economic calculation with the justification of the main technical solutions and technical and economic indicators. This document should also include a project management plan. New elements are included in organizational and technological models of different stages of the object life cycle. Conclusions. On the basis of the developed model, it is proposed to make adjustments to the normative guideline used in the construction management. For example, it is necessary to make mandatory documents of the pre-design stage. These works have to be paid by investor therefore the standard of design cost has to be increased.