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ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT. RESTRUCTURING AND RESTORATION

URBAN PLANNING IN THE SPATIOTEMPORAL DOMAIN (PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECT)

Vestnik MGSU 1/2013
  • Skvortsova Lyudmila Mikhaylovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe Shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 59-65

The author proposes a historical and philosophical approach to the problem of correlation between the life activity and the urban environment. Urban planning and development demonstrate different features in different historical epochs. Intensive growth of cities and their population cause us to use philosophical terms, such as motion, time and space. These are the basic terms of the town planning practice.In the ancient world, urban planning absorbed philosophical ideas and ideas of the nascent science. Aristotle defines motion as transition from possibility to reality. Architectural and engineering solutions integrate the notion of space into the town planning and demonstrate aspiration into the future and its desired perfection.Architecture is most philosophical constituent of the town planning practice. Architecture implements the ideas of town planning through the principles of steadiness, statics, tectonics, representation of structures in artistic figures, and constituent elements of motion as a conception of time.Motion and duration of events and phenomena are the measure of time. Mathematics concretizes the essence of space, defines spatial notions of point, line, segment, plane, and volume.The end of the 20th century brought abrupt changes in town planning. It depended on intensive advancements in science and technology, spontaneous expansion of cities and emergence of new spatial forms for the humankind. In modern architecture, there is a need for new methods of town building. Spiritual values became relevant. Now the urban environment is to embody new values. There is a need for special qualities of the urban building: the urban environment should take account of psychosocial, visual and behavioral aspects of perception of spatial objects. The most important factor is the human one. These ideas constitute the spirit of time; they must have some aesthetic content, so that people could be proud of their houses, localities and towns. The works ofEuropean architect James Frazer serve as the example of this point of view.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.1.59-65

References
  1. Kositskiy Ya.V., Blagovidova N.G. Osnovy teorii planirovki i zastroyki gorodov [Fundamentals of the Theory of Planning and Development of Cities]. Moscow, Arkhitektura-S Publ., 2007, 76 p.
  2. Nizhnikov S.A. Istoriya fi losofi i [History of Philosophy]. Moscow, INFRA-Ì Publ., 2012, 336 p.
  3. Markov V.V. Zabota o sebe v antichnoy fi losofi i. Filosofskaya antropologiya [Self-regard in Ancient Philosophy. Philosophical Anthropology]. St.Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2008, 352 p.
  4. Aristotel’. Politika. Metafi zika. Analitika [Politics. Metaphysics. Analytics]. Moscow, Eksmo Publ., St.Petersburg, Midgrad Publ., 2008, 960 p.
  5. Popov N.A. Sushchnost’ vremeni i otnositel’nost’ [The Essence of Time and Relativity]. Moscow, Knizhnyy Dom Publ., Librokom Publ., 2009, 316 p.
  6. Leon-Battista Al’berti. Desyat’ knig o zodchestve [Ten Books on Architecture]. Moscow, Vsesoyuznaya Akademiya Arkhitektury [All-Soviet Academy of Architecture]. 1935, 391 p.
  7. Azarenkova Z.V. Transportnaya sostavlyayushchaya sotsial’nykh standartov kachestva zhizni v gradostroitel’stve [Transport Constituent of Social Standards of the Quality of Life in Urban Development]. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Residential Housing Construction]. 2011, no. 8, pp. 49—50.
  8. Karabushchenko P.L. Ideya lichnosti v razvitii cheloveka [The Idea of Personality in Development of Man]. Vestnik Rossiyskogo filosofskogo obshchestva [Bulletin of the Russian Philosophical Society]. 2012, no. 2(62), pp. 60—66.
  9. Il’ichev V.A., Karimov A.M., Kolgunov V.I., Aleksashina V.V., Bakaeva N.V., Kobeleva S.A. Prilozhenie k proektu doktriny gradostroitel’stva i rasseleniya [Annex to Draft Doctrine of Urban Development and Settlement]. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Residential Housing Construction]. 2012, no. 1, pp. 2—10.
  10. Volynkov V.E. Evolyutsiya kak strategiya proektirovaniya i dizayna v nelineynoy arkhitekture [Evolution as a Strategy of Planning and Design in the Nonlinear Architecture]. Zhilishchnoe stroitel’stvo [Residential Housing Construction]. 2011, no. 10, pp. 2—6.

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PRINCIPLES OF ARRANGEMENT OF MAIN STREETSIN THE PRESENT-DAY URBAN ENVIRONMENT

Vestnik MGSU 6/2013
  • Kuznetsova Yana Agzamovna - Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SGASU) 194 Molodogvardeyskaya st., Samara, 443001, Russian Federation; +7 (846) 242-52-21., Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SGASU), ; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 29-34

The author focuses on the issues of arrangement and positioning of main streets in the urban structure. Principles of organization of main streets, identified on the basis of Russian and foreign examples and differentiated with respect to central, middle and peripheral areas of the city, are analyzed in detail. The aforementioned principles, specified by the author, are considered as a means for (1) the revival of the urban social activity, and (2) the increase of the attractiveness of near-highway areas for pedestrians. Each of the above principles is implemented in varied areas of cities; however the most frequently used principles are: pedestrian accessibility, urban space unity, priority of pedestrians, subordination of new structures to the architectural heritage in the central areas of cities;easy transport accessibility, anthropocentricity, functional intensity, comfortable urban environment in the middle areas of cities;traffic safety, aesthetic quality of the urban environment, intensive use of the underground space in peripheral areas of cities.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.6.29-34

References
  1. Glazychev V.L. Urbanistika [City Studies]. Moscow, Evropa Publ., 2008, 200 p.
  2. James M. Daisa ITE Committee Report. Summary Context Sensitive Solutions in Designing Major Urban Thoroughfares for Walkable Communities: an ITE proposed recommended practice. West Washington, DC, 2005, 215 p.
  3. Bunin A.V., Savarenskaya T.F. Istoriya gradostroitel’nogo iskusstva [History of Art of Urban Planning]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1979, 412 p.
  4. Babkov V.F. Sovremennye avtomobil’nye magistrali [Contemporary Highways]. Transport Publ., 1974, 208 p.
  5. Baranova T.V., Kosenkova N.A. Synthetic image of orthodox architecture in the Middle Volga. Sacred architecture in shaping the identity of place. Politechnika Lubelska. Lublin, 2006. Pð. 149—157.
  6. Saryev M.B., Koval’ M.V., Lakhmanyuk V.B., Satyshev S.N. Proektirovanie v sfere organizatsii dorozhnogo dvizheniya — zarubezhnyy opyt [Road Traffic Design: International Experience]. Molodoy uchenyy [Young scientist] 2011, no. 4, vol. 3, pp. 107—109.
  7. Vuchik V.R. Transport v gorodakh udobnykh dlya zhizni [Transports in the Cities That Are Comfortable for Living]. Moscow, Territoriya budushchego publ., 2011, 576 p.
  8. Community Design Collaborative. Commercial Corridors. Revitalizing urban neighborhoods through innovative design. Philadelphia LISC. Available at http://cdesignc.org/p_4119c.htm. Date of access: April 6, 2013.
  9. Ikonnikov A.V. Formirovanie gorodskoy sredy [Formation of the Urban Environment]. Moscow, Znanie Publ., 1973, 64 p., 16 p. (Exhibit).
  10. Design Walkable Urban Thoroughfares: A Context Sensitive Approach. Institute of Transportation Engineers, West Washington, DC 20005, 215 p.

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Wood in the modern architectureof small forms

Vestnik MGSU 5/2015
  • Samol’kina Elena Grigor’evna - Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNGASU) postgraduate student, Depart- ment of Architectural Design, Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNGASU), 65 Il’inskaya str., Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 7-18

The modern world dictates severe conditions, involving people in a continuous process of changes in the environment. Active building and construction work, urban densification are rapidly transforming environment, creating a new architectural space with intense impact on people. In this regard, there is much tension around the issue of provision of urban amenities, forming comfortable environment for a full human life. The comfort of the urban environment is determined by a set of visual perception of the constituent elements of this environment: architecture, design, landscape and their harmonious unity with nature. A remarkable component of visual perception, making urban space aesthetically appealing, is small architecture.Small architecture in Russia has always played a special role. Being perceived in the context of space, creating at the same time a certain mood and emotions, small forms diversified architectural environment, making it aesthetically appealing. The question about the direction of urban policy in the field of provision of urban amenities was made in 1921, when the first Congress on improvement of populated areas took place. With this legislation originated overall urban development approach as inseparable system layout of the city, its architectural appearance and landscaping. Architectural workshops developed model projects of small forms with recommendations for improvement, which helped to inexpensively create individual features in urban development. At present, the provision of urban amenities have moved to a new level, becoming more grandscale, capital-intensive.The main requirements for small architectural forms are to create a harmonious space, the fusion of architecture with the natural elements. The most harmonious perception of small architectural forms in the environment is achieved through the use of natural building materials. The use of natural materials in urban environment represents nature, creates a comfortable environment psychologically close to a person. Wood, among other natural materials, has an undoubted advantage. Absolute compatibility, unique design quality, expressive possibilities of the material and its ability to form a comfortable living environment, harmoniously combined with other materials, provide greater demand for wood in modern architecture.In the architecture of small forms wood is used everywhere: on the territories of residential quarters, parks and recreation areas, areas of office and commercial development, road environment, etc. A leading role in shaping the public space belongs to small structures for various functional purposes, such as benches, gazebos, sheds, sports facilities, children’s playgrounds.In the modern wooden architecture of small forms two directions are clearly traced. In the first one there is the desire to escape from the boring similar forms, transforming small architectural forms in art objects representing not only material, but also artistic value. The second direction is based on the centuries-old practice of folk art. Having been formed for centuries folk culture and national traditions fully meet the artistic tastes of the modern society. Summing up, it should be noted that the use of wood in architecture of small forms is a universal solution to shape the ecological framework of the urban environment, which is especially important in solving the problems of the modern city.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.5.7-18

References
  1. Stiles R. Urban Spaces — Enhancing the Attractiveness and Quality of the Urban Environment. Vienna University of Technology, 2009, 86 p.
  2. Sviderskiy V.M. Malye arkhitekturnye formy : Ogrady, fonari, vazy, skam’i [Small Architectural Forms : Fencing, Lamps, Vases, Benches]. Kiev, Izdatel’stvo Akademii arkhitektury Ukrainskoy SSR Publ., 1953, 216 p. (In Russian)
  3. Lemytskaya D.E., Kharlantov T.V. Opyt primeneniya malykh arkhitekturnykh form v zhiloy zastroyke 1930—1950-kh godov (Na primere istoricheskikh gorodov Krasnoyarskogo kraya) [Experience in the Use of Small Architectural Forms in Residential Areas 1930—1950-Ies (On the Example of the Historical Cities of the Krasnoyarsk Territory)]. Arkhitekton : izvestiya vuzov [Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education]. 2011, no. 34 (Appendix). Available at: http://archvuz.ru/2011_22/38.Date of access: 22.10.2014. (In Russian)4. Rottle Nancy, Yocom Ken. Basics Landscape Architecture 02: Ecological Design. AVA Publishing (UK) Ltd., 2011, 178 p.
  4. Gel’fond A.L. Arkhitekturnoe proektirovanie obshchestvennykh prostranstv [Architectural Design of Public Spaces]. N. Novgorod, NNGASU Publ., 2013, 265 p. (In Russian)
  5. Sevan O. Small Forms of Wooden Architecture of the Russian North: Fences, Gates, Wicket Doors and Retaining Walls. Project Baikal. 2013, no. 36. Available at: http://www.projectbaikal.com/index.php/pb/article/view/137.Date of access: 22.10.2014.
  6. Oreshko A.N. Primenenie dereva v arkhitekture kak sposob gumanizatsii gorodskoy sredy [The Use of Wood in Architecture as a Way of Humanization of Urban Environment]. Arkhitekton : izvestiya vuzov [Architecton : Proceedings of Higher Education]. 2009, no. 26 (Appendix). Available at: http://archvuz.ru/2009_22/5.Date of access: 05.03.2015. (In Russian)
  7. Wolley H. Urban Open Spaces. London, Spon Press, 2003, 260 p.
  8. Mavlikaeva G.S. Osobennosti igrovogo prostranstva v sovremennoy urbanizirovannoy srede [Features of Player Space in Modern Urbanized Environment]. Arkhitekton : izvestiya vuzov [Architecton : Proceedings of Higher Education]. 2012, no. 38 (Appendix). Available at: http://archvuz.ru/2012_22/9.Date of access: 22.10.2014. (In Russian)
  9. Goncharova N.S. Sadovo-parkovaya semantika — klyuch dlya resheniya problem obraznosti i emotsional’noy nasyshchennosti ob”ektov landshaftnoy arkhitektury [Gardening Semantics — the Key to Solve the Problems of Imagery and Emotional Richness of Landscape Architecture]. Arkhitekton : izvestiya vuzov [Architecton : Proceedings of Higher Education]. 2004, no. 7. Available at: http://archvuz.ru/2004_2/15.Date of access: 22.10.2014. (In Russian)
  10. Novoe derevyannoe [New Wooden]. Archiwood. Available at: http://www.archiwood.ru/new_wood/.Date of access: 21.10.2014. (In Russian)
  11. ARKhIWOOD: Katalog premii 2012 [Archiwood. Award Catalogue 2012]. Ekaterinburg, Aster-Ek Publ., 2012, 128 p. (In Russian)
  12. Ivanov G.P., Voroshilin S.I., Pletnev M.V., Kokovikhin I.Yu., Fomin N.I. Sovremennye peshekhodnye mosty [Modern Footbridges]. Arkhitekton : izvestiya vuzov [Architecton : Proceedings of Higher Education]. 2009, no. 25. Available at: http://archvuz.ru/2009_1/4.Date of access: 22.10.2014. (In Russian)
  13. ARKhIWOOD: Katalog premii 2013 [Archiwood. Award Catalogue 2013]. Ekaterinburg, OAO IPP «Ural’skiy rabochiy» Publ., 2013, 128 p. (In Russian)
  14. Kurochkin V.A. Ekologicheskaya tematika v gorodskom art-dizayne [Ecological Theme in City Art Design]. Arkhitekton : izvestiya vuzov [Architecton : Proceedings of Higher Education]. 2013, no. 42. Available at: http://archvuz.ru/2013_2/16. Date of access: 22.10.2014. (In Russian)
  15. Konkurs dlya molodykh khudozhnikov i dizaynerov na luchshee mesto dlya potseluev ot Martini Art Club [Competition for Young Artists and Designers for the Best Place for Kisses from Martini Art Club]. Arhimir web site. Available at: http://www.arhimir.ru/blog/3246.html.Date of access: 21.10.2014. (In Russian)
  16. Kikot’ D.V., Kozyrenko N.E. Dizayn gorodskoy infrastruktury [Design of Urban Infrastructure]. Novye idei novogo veka : materialy Odinnadtsatoy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii IAS TOGU: v 2-kh tomakh [New Ideas of the New Century : the International Scientific Conference Proceedings of FAD PNU: in Two Volumes]. Khabarovsk, Izdatel’stvo Tikhookeanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Publ., 2011, vol. 1, pp. 490—492. (In Russian)
  17. McHarg Ian L. Design with Nature. Garden City, New York, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1992, 198 p.
  18. Lakhtin K.I., Simonova I.N., Simonov S.I. Osnovnye printsipy proektirovaniya ostanovok obshchestvennogo transporta [The Basic Principles of Public Transport Stops Designing]. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Donbasskogo gosudarstvennogo tehnicheskogo universiteta [DonSTU Scientific Works Collection]. 2013, no. 41, pp. 206—213. (In Russian)
  19. Dutsev M.V. Arkhitekturno-khudozhestvennoe formirovanie otkrytykh gorodskikh prostranstv (na primere evropeyskikh gorodov) [Architectural and Artistic Formation of Urban Open Spaces (on the Example European cities)]. Arkhitekton : izvestiya vuzov [Architecton : Proceedings of Higher Education]. 2012, no. 40. Available at: http://archvuz.ru/2012_4/4.Date of access: 22.10.2014. (In Russian)

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Preserving urban objects of historicaland architectural heritage

Vestnik MGSU 1/2014
  • Bal'zannikova Ekaterina Mikhailovna - Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SGASU) аssistant, Depart- ment of Architecture, Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SGASU), 194 Molodogvardeyskaya St., Samara, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 15-24

Large cities of central Russia were built under the influence of the factors that played an important role in protecting their population; natural resources and opportunities for trading were also essential. The industrial development and construction of large industrial facilities were significant for the formation of urban environment. As a result architectural monuments of great historical value that have a significant influence on the formation of the modern city image were preserved.Nowadays, a great number of buildings of historical and architectural heritage turned out to be in poor condition. Funding and its efficient use are rational means of saving the most valuable objects of historical and cultural heritage. In order to do this it is necessary to solve the problems of developing complex and effective measures for preserving these objectsThe existing method of preserving urban objects does not focus on urban architectural objects of historical and architectural value. It does not cover the study of urban development features in architectural and town-planning environment surrounding this object, it does not determine the historical and architectural value of the object and it does not identify the relationship of the object and the surrounding objects as well as architectural frame of the total area. That is why the existing method cannot be considered an appropriate system for preserving the objects of historical and architectural heritage.In order to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above and to increase tourist interest to the architecturally valuable buildings in urban areas, the author has proposed a complex approach to improve the method of reconstructing urban objects of great historical and architectural significance.The existing method of preserving historical objects includes the preparatory period of studying the degree of historical and architectural heritage wear and decay, developing the techniques for strengthening structural elements, delivering building materials, preparing the construction site and the basic period when condemned structures are demolished, new design elements are formed and assembled, interior finishing work is performed and the object facade is restored. In contrast to it, our method includes additional periods and a performance list. In particular, it is proposed to carry out a research period prior to the preparatory period, and after the basic period there should be the ending period.Thus, during the research period it is necessary to study urban development fea- tures in architectural and town-planning environment, to identify the historical and archi- tectural value of the object, to estimate its ramshackle state and whether it is habitable, to determine the relationship of the object with the architectural and aesthetic image of sur- rounding objects and to develop a conservation program; and during the ending period it is proposed to assess the historical and architectural significance of the reconstructed object in relation to the aesthetic and architectural image of the surrounding area. The proposed complex method will increase the attractiveness of a historical and architectural heritage object and its surrounding area for tourists and, consequently, raise the cultural level of the visitors. Furthermore, the method will ensure the construction of recreation zones, their more frequent usage and visiting surrounding objects of social infrastructure, because more opportunities for cultural and aesthetic pastime will be offered. The method will also provide a more reasonable and effective use of available funding due to the careful analysis and proper choice of the methods to preserve objects of historical and architectural heritage.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.1.15-24

References
  1. Rybal'chenko Yu.D., Samogorov V.A. Gradostroitel'nye preobrazovaniya v provintsial'nykh gorodakh Rossii XVIII — nachala XX vv. [Urban Development in Provincial Cities of Russia in 18th — 20th Centuries]. Privolzhskiy nauchnyy zhurnal [Volga Scientific Journal]. 2009, no. 2, pp. 65—71.
  2. Bal'zannikova E.M. Gradostroitel'noe formirovanie Samary i razvitie promyshlennosti goroda v kontse XIX — nachale XX v. [Urban and Industrial Development of Samara in the Late 19th — early 20th Century]. Vestnik SGASU. Gradostroitel'stvo i arkhitektura [Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Urban Planning and Architecture]. 2011, no. 1, pp. 44—48.
  3. Samogorov V.A., Ivanov M.O. Arkhitektura Aleksandra i Petra Shcherbachevykh v Samare [Architecture of Alexander and Peter Shcherbachevs in Samara]. Samara, 2004, 119 p.
  4. Vavilonskaya T.V. Zadachi sistemnogo planirovaniya v usloviyakh arkhitekturno-istoricheskoy sredy [Issues of System Planning in the Architectural and Historical Environment]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2009, no. 2, pp. 14—17.
  5. Vavilonskaya T.V. Strategiya obnovleniya arkhitekturno-istoricheskoy sredy: monografiya [Strategy of Renewing Architectural and Historical Environment]. Samara, SGASU Publ., 2008, 368 p.
  6. Karkar'yan V.G. Derevyannoe zodchestvo Samary, ili Osen' patriarkhov [Wooden Architecture of Samara or Patriarchs's Autumn]. Samara, Agni Publ., 2002, 152 p.
  7. Baranova T.V., Kosenkova N.A. Synthetic Image of Orthodox Architecture in the Middle Volga. Sacred Architecture in Shaping the Identity of Place. Politechnika Lubelska, Lublin, 2006, pp. 149—157.
  8. Cevat Erder. Our Architectural Heritage: from Consciousness to Conversation. UNESCO, United Kingdom, 1986, 236 p.
  9. Bal'zannikov M.I., Privorotskiy D.S. Reshenie voprosov zritel'nogo vospriyatiya pri stroitel'stve khrama sv. Georgiya Pobedonostsa v Samare [Issues of Visual Perception when Constructing the Church of St. George the Victory-bearer in Samara]. Architektura sakralna w ksztaltovaniu tozsamosci kulturowej miejsca. Lublin, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Lubelskiej, 2006, pp. 345—357.
  10. Bernard Feilden, Perek Linstrum. A European View. New Uses for Old Buildings. Architectural Conservation in Europe. Edited by Sherban Cantacuzino. Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1975, pp. 127—130.
  11. Bernard Feilden. Conservation of Historical Buildings. London, Butterworth and Co (Publishers) Ltd., 1982, pp. 6—12.
  12. Dennis Rodwell. Conversation legislation. New Uses for Old Buildings. Architectural Conservation in Europe. Edited by Sherban Cantacuzino. Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1975, pp. 127—136.
  13. Rybacheva O.S., Samogorov V.A. Ponyatie «Samarskiy dvor» v sisteme pravoustanavlivayushchikh i gradoreguliruyushchikh dokumentov [The Concept of "Samara Yard" in the System of Title and Town-development Documents]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universitetata [Proceedings of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building]. 2012, no. 4 (37), pp. 65—74.
  14. Samogorov V.A., Bal'zannikova E.M. Predpriyatiya po proizvodstvu stroitel'nykh materialov v Samarskom krae v kontse XIX — nachale XX vekov [Enterprises Producing Building Materials in the Samara Region in the Late XIX Early XX Centuries]. Vestnik Volzhskogo regional'nogo otdeleniya RAASN [Proceedings of Volga Regional Division of Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences]. 2013, no. 16, pp. 122—126.
  15. Bal'zannikova E.M. Istoriya razvitiya predpriyatiy mukomol'noy promyshlennosti v Samare v kontse XIX — nachale XX vekov [The History of Flour Milling Enterprises Development in Samara in the late 19th — Early 20th Centuries]. Vestnik SGASU. Gradostroitel'stvo i arkhitektura [Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Urban Planning and Architecture]. 2012, no. 3, pp. 6—10.
  16. Bal'zannikova E.M. Rekonstruktsiya promyshlennoy zastroyki po printsipu organizatsii loftov [Reconstruction of Industrial Development on the Principle of Loft Organization]. Traditsii i innovatsii v stroitel'stve i arkhitekture: Materialy 69-y Vserossiyskoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [Traditions and Innovations: Materials of the 69th All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference]. Samara, SGASU Publ., 2012, Part 1, pp. 401—404.
  17. Khimunina S.D., editor. Ukazaniya po tekhnologii remontno-stroitel'nogo proizvodstva i tekhnologicheskie karty na raboty pri kapital'nom remonte zhilykh domov. Kn. 1. Obshchestvennye raboty [Instructions for Repair and Construction Technology of and Technological Maps for Major Repairing of Residential Housing. Book 1. Public Work]. 2nd edition. Leningrad, Stroyizdat Publ., 1977, 432 p.
  18. Samogorov V.A., Rybacheva O.S. Rekonstruktsiya istoricheskoy chasti Samary s uchetom slozhivshikhsya granits uchastkov zemlepol'zovaniya (dvorovykh prostranstv) [Reconstruction of the Historical Part of Samara Considering the Existing Boundaries of Land Lots (Courtyard Spaces)]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitelnogo universitetata. Seriya: Stroitel'stvovo i arkhitektura [Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 31 (50), Part. 1. Goroda Rossii. Problemy proektirovaniya i realizatsii [Cities of Russia. Problems of Design and Implementation]. Pp. 300—304.
  19. Samogorov V.A., Rybacheva O.S. Novoe stroitel'stvo v usloviyakh istoricheski slozhivsheysya zastroyki Samary s uchetom granits dvorovladeniy [New Construction Work in the Conditions of Historical Development of Samara Considering the Boundaries of Tenancy]. Vestnik SGASU. Gradostroitel'stvo i arkhitektura [Proceedings of Samara State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Urban Planning and Architecture]. 2011, no. 3, pp. 70—72.
  20. Vavilonskaya T.V. Strategiya obnovleniya arkhitekturno-istoricheskoy sredy (na primere g. Samary) [Strategy of Renewing Architectural and Historical Environment (on the Example of Samara City]. Izvestiya OrelGTU. Seriya: Stroitel'stvo i transport [News of State University — Education-Science-Production Complex of Orel. Series: Construction and Transport]. 2009, no. 3/23, pp. 68—72.

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INFLUENCE PRODUCED BY THE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT ON THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT

Vestnik MGSU 4/2012
  • Giyasov Botir Iminzhonovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, chair, Department of Architectural and Construction Design, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (495) 287-49-14; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 17 - 21

The article drives attention to factors of influence produced on the living environment and the humans. The factors in question originate from development of the urban infrastructure. Analysis of actions aimed at improving the ecological conditions of urban environments is provided in the article.
The living environment represents a complex facility in the course of its continuous development. It has a natural and anthropogenic origin. Its origin makes it possible for researchers to ifn links between the physical urban space and its social and hygienic properties. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the living environment not as a densely build structural constituent of a city, but as the environment designated for living that is shaped up by a variety of factors.
The comprehensive impact produced by the environment on humans makes it necessary to develop new methodologies that will assure the complex hygienic assessment of the environment. The assessment will make it possible to research the link between the quality of the environment and the level of health of the population and to identify the number and the sequence of actions aimed at optimizing the environment and the mode of life of inhabitants of present-day megalopolises. The methodology of the per-property assessment of the quality of the urban environment, namely, the microclimate, the lighting, the air quality, must be complemented by its comprehensive assessment.
Local social links must be developed alongside with the urban infrastructure. However, replanning of well-established residential areas, that demonstrate well-established social links and territoriality, reveals strong stressors. Therefore, the recommendation is to retain the areas of psychological invariance in the older sections of big cities to retain well-established and easy-to-recognize planning solutions and social links.
An inhabitant of a big city is subjected both to the impact of anthropogenic factors that are the outcome of the urbanization, and to the impact of psychological factors. Intensive development of megalopolises and growth of cities contribute to formation of anthropogenic factors and produce a negative impact on the ecosystem of the environment. Therefore, the residential housing must be considered as a complex environment that set up special claims. Contemporary housing must be designed with account for the urban environment, including its polluted air, water and soil, limited and transformed city-to-nature links. Development of transportation networks and urban noises require particular attention.
There is an urgent need to improve the architectural and planning patterns of urban territories that need hygienic regulations applicable both to residential and industrial areas, highways, parks, office buildings, leisure and community service buildings, schools, hospitals, convalescence houses, kindergartens, etc.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.4.17 - 21

References
  1. Giyasov A. Rol' mnogoetazhnoy zastroyki v regulirovanii teplovogo rezhima gorodov s zharkoshtilevym profilem klimata (na primere g. Dushanbe) [Role of Multi-storied Buildings in Regulation of the Heat Mode of Cities in the Hot-Doldrum Climate (exemplified by the town of Dushanbe). Moscow, 1983.
  2. Gubernskiy Yu.D., Litskevich V.K. Zhilische dlya cheloveka [Dwelling for the Man]. Мoscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1991.
  3. Goromosov M.S. Mikroklimat zhilisch i ego gigienicheskoe normirovanie [Microclimate of Dwellings and Its Hygienic Regulation]. Moscow, Medgiz Publ., 1963.

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PARADIGM OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF URBAN ECONOMY AND ECOLOGY

Vestnik MGSU 5/2013
  • Fokina Zoya Titovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 126-132

The author considers the issues of management of the urban environment in light of the paradigm of noospheric and co-evolutional development of social and natural networks. The analysis of different aspects of the urban environment substantiates the inefficiency of existing norms regulating maximal permissible concentrations of harmful agents in the aquatic medium, air, soil and food. The inefficiency is witnessed by the rise of so-called maladies of the age: oncologic, cardiovascular, allergic, endocrine and other diseases that the residents of industrial and post-industrial countries suffer from.The author proposes to undertake a fundamental reconsideration of the criteria to be applied to evaluate the urban environment based on the assumption that the morbidity of citizens should not increase and that the protection of the population shall be the top priority of environmental and economic activities. Therefore, scientists should develop new norms for maximal permissible concentrations of polluting substances. The efficiency of new regulations can be confirmed by medical statistics to witness the decrease in the morbidity of the urban population.The author also points out the new regulations to be developed by scientists and to be legally adopted as environmental protection regulations binding for industrial enterprises. The author insists on the manifold increase in the penalties for the breach of the environmental legislation, so it would not be profitable for economical entities to violate the environmental laws in the market conditions.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.5.126-132

References
  1. Demidenko E.S., Dergacheva E.A. Tekhnogennoe razvitie obshchestva I transformatsiya biosphery [Technology-intensive Development of Society and Transformation of Biosphere]. Moscow, KRASAND Publ., 2010, 288 p.
  2. Tendentsii I perspectivy of sociotehnoprirodnoy globalizatsii [Trends and Prospects for Social, Technology-intensive and Natural Globalization]. Moscow, Librocom Publ., 2009, 232 p.
  3. Popkova N.V. Antropologiya tekhniki: stanovlenie [Anthropology of Machinery: Nurture Stage]. Moscow, Librocom/URSS Publ., 2009, 344 p.
  4. Popkova N.V. Philosophia technosphery [Philosophy of Technology–intensive Environment]. Moscow, Librocom/URSS Publ., 2009, 344 p.
  5. Bityukova V.P. Sotsal’no-ecologicheskie problemy razvitya gorodov Rossii [Social and Environmental Problems of Development of Russian Cities]. Moscow, URSS Publ., 2012, 448 p.
  6. Telichenko V.I., Potapov A.D., Slesarev M.U., Shcherbina E.V. Problemy obsepecheniya ecologicheskoy bezopasnosti stroitelstva [Problems of Environmental Safety of Ñonstruction]. Moscow, Arikhitektura-S Publ., 2009, 311 p.
  7. Tavrizyan G.M. Philosophy XX veka o tekhnike I tekhnicheskoy tsivilizatsii [Philosophers of the XXth Century about Machinery and Technology-intensive Civilization]. Moscow, ROSSPEN Publ., 2009, 216 p.
  8. Toffler E., Toffler H. Revolutsionnoe bogatstvo [Revolutionary Wealth]. Moscow, AST Publ., Profizdat Publ., 2008, 569 p.
  9. Meadows D., Randers J. Predely rosta: 30 let spustya [Growth Limits: 30 Years Later]. Moscow, BINOM Publ., 2012, 357 p.
  10. Popkova N.V. Philosophskaya ecologia [Philosophic Ecology]. Moscow, URSS Publ., 2012, 351 p.

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Real estate space-territorial development

Vestnik MGSU 1/2015
  • Sarchenko Vladimir Ivanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Economic Sciences, Doctoral student, Department of Economy and Management in Construction Water Supply, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (495) 287-49-19; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 103-111

Urbanization is one of the main sustainable tendencies of modern development. The contemporary state of real estate structure is characterized by high level of heterogeneity. In general, the consolidated design document of Moscow urban development, reconstruction and other forms of developing city territories doesn’t take into account the main tendencies of social and economic development, change of scales and structure of city production capacities, priorities of national economy development, or demand particularities, traditional and perspective preferences of citizens of different categories. The article focuses on systematization of basics of real estate space-territorial development strategic analysis. The author analyses the essence of analytical methods, their purpose, levels and analysis projections. The article emphasizes the estimation of economic effectiveness and revelation of urban environment development reserves.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.1.103-111

References
  1. Glazychev V.L. Strategiya razvitiya kak iskusstvo vybora prioritetov [Development Strategy as Art of Choosing Priorities]. Politiya [Polity]. 2012, no. 1 (64), pp. 147—164. (In Russian)
  2. Giffinger R. Territorial Capital — Understanding and Challenges for a Knowledge Based Strategic Approach. Territorium. 2008, no. 8, pp. 7—15.
  3. Yas’kova N.Yu. Instrumentariy obespecheniya kachestva gorodskoy sredy [Tools of Providing the Quality of City Environment]. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta [Vestnik of Irkutsk State Technical University]. 2013, no. 10 (81), pp. 380—382. (In Russian)
  4. Yas’kova N.Yu. Sovremennye formaty strategii razvitiya gorodskoy nedvizhimosti [Modern Forms of City Real Estate Development Strategies]. Nauchnoe obozrenie [Science Review]. 2014, no. 7-1, pp. 392—396. (In Russian)
  5. Gertsberg L.Ya. Kachestvo gorodskoy sredy: problemy proektirovaniya i realizatsii [Quality of City Environment: Problems of Design and Implementation]. Gradostroitel’stvo [Urban Development]. 2013, no. 2 (24), pp. 29—33. (In Russian)
  6. Ahlke B., Perner A., Schön K.P. The Future of European Spatial Development Policy II Research Review. Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development. 2010, no. 21, pp. 2—5.
  7. Riguelle F., Thomas I., Verhetsel A. Measuring Urban Polycentrism: A European Case Study and its Implications. Journal of Economic Geography. 2007, vol. 7, issue 2, pp.193—215. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbl025.
  8. Larionov A.N. Problemy formirovaniya teorii i realizatsii praktiki stroitel’stva «zhivogo doma» v Rossiyskoy Federatsii [The Problems of Theory Formation and Practice Implementation of the Construction of “Alive House” in the Russian Federation]. Ekonomika i upravlenie narodnym khozyaystvom [Economy and Management of the National Economy]. 2014, no. 1/2 (30/31), pp. 46—59. (In Russian)
  9. Larionov A.N. Metodologicheskiy podkhod k optimizatsii ekologichnogo zhilishchnogo stroitel’stva [Methodological Approach to Ecological Housing Construction Optimization]. Vestnik Instituta ekonomiki RAN [Proceedings of the Economics Institute Of RAS]. 2009, no. 34, pp. 197—210. (In Russian)
  10. Yas’kova N.Yu., Matveeva M.V. Innovatsionnyy fokus investitsionnoy deyatel’nosti v ramkakh modernizatsii natsional’noy ekonomiki [Innovational Focus of the Investment Activity in Frames of National Economy Modernization]. Ekonomichniy chasopis-XXI [Economical Journal-21]. 2014, vol. 1, no. 1—2, pp. 42—45. (In Russian)
  11. Coiacetto E. Industry Structure in Real Estate Development: Is City Building Competitive? Urban Policy and Research. 2009, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 117—135. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111140802499080.
  12. Potapov A.D., Senyushchenkova I.M., Novikova O.O., Gudkova E.A. Problema ispol’zovaniya gorodskikh narushennykh territoriy [Problem of Use of Disturbed Urban Areas]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 9, pp. 197—202. (In Russian)
  13. Sadovnikova N.P., Sanzhapov B.Kh., Gnedkova E.P. Razrabotka kontseptsii sistemy podderzhki prinyatiya resheniy po obespecheniyu ekologicheskoy bezopasnosti razvitiya gorodskikh territoriy [Concept Development of Support System of Decision Making on Ecological Safety of City Area Development]. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta [Internet Proceedings of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 25, pp. 427—432.
  14. Khaynish S.V. Menedzhment i biznes v slabostrukturirovannom mire: Aktual’nye secheniya, paradoksy, resheniya (iz opyta upravlencheskogo konsul’tirovaniya) [Management and Business in Poorly Structures World: Current Sections, Paradoxes, Solutions (According to the Experience of Management Consulting)]. Moscow, Editorial URSS, 2014, 704 p. (In Russian)
  15. Kerzner H. Project Management Metrics, KPIs, And Dashboards: A Guide to Measuring and Monitoring Project Performance. Wiley, 2011, 379 p.
  16. Pyhrr S.A., Born W.L., Webb J.R. Development of a Dynamic Investment Strategy under Alternative Inflation Cycle Scenarios. Journal of Real Estate Research. 1990, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 177—194.
  17. Krushlinskiy V.I., Sarchenko V.I. Genplan i kachestvo sredy goroda [General Layout and City Environment Quality]. Krasnoyarsk, SFU Publ., 2014, 122 p. (In Russian)
  18. Smart S.B., Gitman L.J., Joehnk M.D. Fundamentals of Investing. 12th edition. 2013, Prentice Hall, 672 p.
  19. Friedman J.P., Ordway N. Income Property Appraisal and Analysis. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice Hall, 1989, 474 p.
  20. Schmitz A., Peck S., Engebretson P. The New Shape of Suburbia. Trends in Residential Development. Washington, D.C., ULI — the Urban Land Institute, 2003, 221 p.

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Cyclic “deja vu” of real estate industry development paradigms

Vestnik MGSU 1/2015
  • Yas’kova Natal’ya Yur’evna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Department of Economy and Management in the Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 112-119

The practical projections of cyclic theories are of a great interest. Our preferences moved again from apartment houses and vertical cities to low-rise buildings. Circles set the development vector for natural, human sciences and sciences on society. The article researches the problem of cyclic development of scientific schools and their innovation ideas in the sphere of space-territory property development. The phases of the cycle were researched on the example of Bauhaus architecture school. This enables to reveal the demands and specifics of the development of new technological platforms, as well as to create the effective formats of public-private partnership. Cyclicity of business activity development under the conditions of awareness of the evolution of senses of interdisciplinary approaches utilization permits to produce the adequate development paradigm.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.1.112-119

References
  1. Yas’kova N.Yu., Sergeev I.M., Polinov A.A. Nezavershennoe stroitel’stvo i virtual’nyy ekonomicheskiy rost [Construction in Progress and Virtual Economic Growth]. Ekonomika stroitel’stva [Construction Economy]. 2004, no. 8, pp. 2—13. (In Russian)
  2. Yas’kova N.Yu. Tendentsii razvitiya stroitel’nykh korporatsiy v novykh usloviyakh [Development Trends of Construction Corporations in New Environment]. Nauchnoe obozrenie [Scientific Review]. 2013, no. 6, pp. 174—178. (In Russian)
  3. Yas’kova N.Yu. Razvitie kontseptual’nykh polozheniy upravleniya protsessami investitsionno-stroitel’noy deyatel’nosti [Development of Conceptual Provisions of Process Management in Investment and Construction Activities]. Vestnik IrGTU [Bulletin of Irkutsk State Technical University]. 2012, no. 11(70), pp. 278—280. (In Russian)
  4. Droste M. Baukhauz (1919—1933). Reforma i avangard [Bauhaus Bauhaus 1919—1933. Reform and Avant-garde]. Translated from French by Yu.Yu. Kotova. Moscow, Art-Rodnik Publ., 2008, 96 p. (In Russian)
  5. Kharshak M. «Baukhaus» — mesto, gde rodilsya dizayn [Bauhaus — a Place Where Design Was Born]. Advertology.Ru. Available at: http://www.advertology.ru/article13833.html. Date of access: 15.12.2014. (In Russian)
  6. Gropius W. Granitsy arkhitektury [Boundaries of Architecture]. Translated from English by A.S. Pinsker, V.R. Aronov, V.G. Kalish. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1971, 286 p. (In Russian)
  7. Samin K.D. 100 velikikh arkhitektorov [100 Grear Architects]. Moscow, Veche Publ., 2001, 385 p. (In Russian)
  8. Rakhmanova A. Baukhauz 90 let spustya [Bauhaus 90 Years Later]. Deutsсhe Welle. 2009. Available at: http://dw.de/p/HMNP/. Date of access: 15.12.2014. (In Russian)
  9. Yakobi A., Khartman G., Dendra G. Baukhauz segodnya : lektsiya v ramkakh programmy OVERVIEWM [Bauhaus Today : a Lecture in Frames of the Program OVERVIEWM]. Vysshaya shkola arkhitektury Dessau [Higher School of Architecture DIA]. Transkated from German by O.T. Ivanova. 2008. Available at: http://archi.ru/events/1490/vysshaya-shkola-arhitektury-dessau-dia-bauhaus-segodnya-alfred-yakobi-gunnart-hartman-daniel-dendra-germaniya/. Date of access: 15.12.2014. (In Russian)
  10. Koveshnikova N.A. Dizayn: istoriya i teoriya [Design: History and Theory]. Moscow, Omega-L Publ., 2009, 224 p. (In Russian)
  11. Meyer H. Bauen und Gesellschaft. Schriften, Briefe, Projekte. Dresden, VEB Verlag der Kunst Dresden, 1980, 412 s.
  12. Semina A. Obratim remeslo na blago iskusstva [Let Us Turn Craft for the Benefit of Art]. Daydzhest nedvizhimosti [Real Estate Digest]. 2014, no. 8 (95), pp. 59—64. (In Russian)
  13. Kuznetsov O.L., Bol'shakov B.E. Ustoychivoe razvitie: universal'nyy printsip sinteza estestvennykh, tekhnicheskikh i sotsial'nykh znaniy [Sustainable Development: The Universal Principle of the Synthesis of Natural, Technical and Social Knowledge]. Ustoychivoe razvitie: nauka i praktika [Sustainable Development: Science and Practice]. 2009, no. 1 (2), pp. 1—12. (In Russian)
  14. Yas’kova N.Yu. Mekhanizmy investirovaniya v ustoychivoe razvitie [Mechanisms of Investing in Sustainable Development]. Ekonomika stroitel’stva [Construction Economy]. 2010, no. 2, pp. 40—45 (In Russian)
  15. Yas’kova N.Yu., Matveeva M.V. Innovatsionnyy fokus investitsionnoy deyatel’nosti v ramkakh modernizatsii natsional’noy ekonomiki [Innovative Focus of Investment Activity in the Framework of National Economy Modernization]. Ekonomichniy chasopis-XXI [Economy Journal-21]. 2014, vol. 1, no. 1—2, pp. 42—45. (In Russian)

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The use of porous pavements in creating the infrastructure of the urban environment

Vestnik MGSU 12/2018 Volume 13
  • Dergunova Anna V. - National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University (MRSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of Department of Construction Materials and Technologies, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University (MRSU), 68 Bolshevistskaya st., Saransk, 430005, Russian Federation.
  • Piksaykina Anna A. - National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University (MRSU) Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of Department of Construction Materials and Technologies, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University (MRSU), 68 Bolshevistskaya st., Saransk, 430005, Russian Federation.

Pages 1440-1447

Introduction. Considered green construction, which is carried out in accordance with the environmental expediency. A list of environmental problems associated with the impermeability of soil covering cities is given and measures are proposed to eliminate the negative effects of human activity on the environment. Materials and methods. Researched the use of porous pavements, as a means of combating environmental problems and creating a favorable urban environment. The definition of a porous pavement and its difference from the usual road surface is given. A description is given of the component parts of the paving system, including the base, filter cloth, filler tank and porous surface layer. The main types of porous coatings, such as porous concrete, porous asphalt and paving stones are analyzed. It is considered the environmental, aesthetic and economic benefits of porous pavements: replenishing the groundwater supply, combating floods as a result of reducing the volume of storm water, preserving plants in the urban environment, controlling the urban heat regime, cooling the surface waters of rivers and other water bodies, improving traffic safety, monitoring noise. Results. It is presented situations in which the use of porous pavements is not effective. These are, for example, highways with heavy traffic, steep slopes, areas with erosion and soil erosion, roads where chemical reagents are actively used to control ice in the winter, places of likely spills of harmful substances. It is noted that in order to effectively use porous pavements, they must be properly maintained depending on the type of porous pavement. Recommendations on the use of porous pavements are given. Conclusions. Due to their peculiarities, porous pavements cannot be applied everywhere, but this option of pavements should be considered by all capital construction participants interested in introducing green building technologies in our country.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.12.1440-1447

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