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ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT. RESTRUCTURING AND RESTORATION

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF URBAN PLANNING

Vestnik MGSU 8/2012
  • Mezentsev Sergey Dmitrievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor, Department of Philosophy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 26 - 33

The author considers one of the most relevant theoretical problems of urban planning - philosophical
and scientifi c methodology of research. The tasks of research involve the analysis and
identifi cation of the essence of systematic, synergistic, socio-humanistic, ecological and cybernetic
approaches and their general academic signifi cance, particularly, in the fi eld of urban planning.
The systematic approach. The unity of the technological system, the strategy of the system
behavior, and the design consistency, etc. - these are the core constituents of new methods of
technical thinking. If resolution of minor technological problems and development of small systems
lead to differentiation of knowledge and to growing specialization of research, development of major
systems leads to integration and synthesis of knowledge. This integration may be illustrated by the
urban planning which incorporates design development, implementation, testing and operation of
multi-component systems.
The synergеtic approach. The synergеtic approach is employed to study the urban environment
and culture as well as their development. It encompasses the phenomena which are considered
by the systematic approach as unimportant or minor facts, namely, random connections,
volatile relationships, brevity of their existence, spontaneity, etc. These phenomena are based on
the fact that the urban community is heterogeneous; it is composed of multiple separate individuals
and social groups.
The socio-humanistic approach. Modern scientifi c theories are not not only to contribute to
the analysis of the current situation, but also to contribute to the process of formation of the technical
activity on the basis of the principle of humanism. Contemporary engineers fi nd a connection
between technical components and processes with non-technical ones, including human factors,
organizational structures, socio-cultural processes, etc.
The ecological approach. Further development of technologies, namely, construction-related
technologies, should be based on the understanding of their nature as self-suffi cient values and follow
the laws of the social ecology to improve the environment and to avoid numerous anthropogenic
and environmental disasters. Therefore, before any urban planning project is implemented, each
environmental consequence is to be considered in relation to man and society.
The cybernetic approach. Any contemporary activity in the fi eld of technology, including urban
planning, should be based on the management principles developed within the framework of sociology,
including social foresight, social prediction, social planning and social technologies.
In contrast to many other sciences, which succeed in the sphere of methodology of research,
urban planning does not always meet up-to-date requirements. The author believes that there is a
need of adherence to the above methods in urban planning. The author argues that the result of
their application at the stage of urban design will substantially reduce any negative effects at the
stage of construction and operation of technical facilities.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.8.26 - 33

References
  1. Bertalanfi L. fon. Obshchaya teoriya sistem — kriticheskiy obzor [General Theory of Systems: Critical Review]. Issledovaniya po obshchey teorii sistem [Research of the General Theory of Systems]. Collected translations. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1969, pp. 23—82.
  2. Blauberg I.V., Yudin E.G. Stanovlenie i sushchnost’ sistemnogo podkhoda [Formation and Essence of the Systems Approach]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1973, 270 p.
  3. Liseev I.K., Sadovskiy V.N., editors. Sistemnyy podkhod v sovremennoy nauke [The Systems Approach to Modern Science]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 2004, 560 p.
  4. Khaken G. Sinergetika: Ierarkhii neustoychivostey v samoorganizuyushchikhsya sistemakh i ustroystvakh. [Synergetics: Instability Hierarchies of Self-Organizing Systems and Devices]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1985, 423 p.
  5. Veber M. Izbrannoe. Obraz obshchestva [Selected Works. The Image of the Society]. Moscow, Yurist Publ., 1994, 704 p.
  6. Veber M. Issledovaniya po metodologii nauki [Studies of the Methodology of Science]. Moscow, INION AN SSSR Publ., 1980, 202 p.
  7. Kommoner B. Zamykayushchiysya krug: priroda, chelovek, tekhnologiya. [The Closed Circle: Nature, Man and Technology]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1974, 272 p.
  8. Viner N. Kibernetika, ili upravlenie i svyaz’ v zhivotnom i mashine [Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and in the Machine]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1983, 433 p.
  9. Lenk Kh. Razmyshleniya o sovremennoy tekhnike [Refl ections on Modern Technology]. Moscow, Aspekt Publ., 1996, p. 55—56.
  10. Gusakov A.A. Sistemotekhnika stroitel’stva [Systems Engineering of Construction]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1993, 368 p.
  11. Glazychev V.L. Gorodskaya sreda. Tekhnologiya razvitiya: nastol’naya kniga [The Urban Environment. Technology of Development: a Handbook]. Moscow, Lad’ya Publ., 1995. p. 20.
  12. Rozin V.M. Gorodskaya kul’tura, chelovek, okruzhayushchaya sreda (Filosofskometodologicheskie problemy gradostroitel’nogo proektirovaniya) [Urban Culture, Man, Environment (Philosophical and Methodological Problems of Urban Design)] Voprosy filosofi i [Issues of Philosophy]. 1980, no. 1, pp. 53—62.
  13. Pochegina L.F. Mezhdunarodnaya khartiya po arkhitekturnomu obrazovaniyu i gumanizatsiya arkhitektury [International Charter for Architectural Education and Humanization of Architecture]. International Conference. Integration, Partnership and Innovations in Civil Engineering Sciences and Education. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2011, vol. 2, pp. 750—751.
  14. Fromm E. Imet’ ili byt’? [To Have or to Be?]. Moscow, AST Publ., 2000, 448 p.
  15. Skvortsova L.M. Sotsial’noe prostranstvo goroda: ekologicheskie proekty budushchego [The Social Space of the City: Ecological Projects of the Future]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 4, pp. 414—418.
  16. Fokina Z.T. Tendentsiya urbanizatsii i izuchenie ekologii goroda [Trend for Urbanization and Study of the Urban Ecology]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 2, vol. 2, pp. 253—259.
  17. Gusakov A.A. Sistemotekhnika [Systems Engineering]. Moscow, Novoe Tysyacheletie Publ., 2002, p. 22.
  18. Voronin V.A. Dekompozitsiya metodologicheskikh osnov proektnogo upravleniya v stroitel’stve [Decomposition of Methodological Principles of Project Management in Construction]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 4, pp. 530—534.
  19. Slavgorodskaya A.N. Upravlenie tipovymi proektami pri realizatsii gorodskikh stroitel’nykh programm v Moskve [Management of Model Projects for Urban Construction Programs in Moscow]. Conference. Integration, Partnership and Innovations in Civil Engineering Sciences and Education. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2011, vol. 1, pp. 740—741.
  20. Toshchenko Zh.T. Sotsiologiya. Obshchiy kurs. [Sociology. General Course]. Moscow, Prometey: Yurayt-M Publ., 2001, 511 p.

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Synergetic scenarios of social and economic development of Russiaand construction management

Vestnik MGSU 5/2015
  • Fokina Zoya Titovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Candidate of Philosophic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Philosophy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 122-132

The author examined the variations of Russia’s social and economic development in the following years оn the basis of synergetic scenarios application method. The first scenario is related to the transformation of Russia into raw material resource base and а source of low-cost lаbоur force for the advanced nations of West and East, the loss of the country›s intellectual and cultural potential. The orientation towards innovative, scientific and technical development in the context of modern, post-industrial, information age is associated with the other scenario of social and economic development of Russia. The analysis of the successful experience of scientific and technical development of the USA and the USSR economies as а whole, and of the construction industry as оnе of the important economy directions, is а substantiation for the necessity of new industrialization in Russia, in the context of market and information age. The author advances а statement that Russia in 21st century needs to repeat the positive experience of industrialization and accelerated scientific and technical development of the Soviet Union. The problems facing Russia аrе construction of innovative industrial projects that meet the requirements of the world standards, implementation of largescale national programs, advancement towards the information society. The article emphasizes а thesis about the necessity to manage modern social and economic processes. It focuses the attention of scientists and expert managers оn I. Ansoff’s new management paradigm. The article pays special attention to the matters of modeling the changes in the construction industry complex of Russia, which is one of the most important branches of economy. Two alternative scenarios of the most general changes in construction industry аrе given in it.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.5.122-132

References
  1. Budanov V.G. Metodologiya sinergetiki v postneklassicheskoy nauke i obrazovanii [Methodology of Synergetics in Post-Non-Classical Science and in Education]. Moscow, Librokom Publ., 2009, pp. 10—20. (In Russian)
  2. Stepin V.S. Samorazvivayushchiesya sistemy i filosofiya sinergetiki [Self-Developing Systems and Philosophy of Synergetics]. Put’ v budushchee — nauka, global’nye problemy, mechty i nadezhdy : materialy Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii (26—28 noyabrya 2007) [Path to the Future — Science, Global Issues, Dreams and Hopes: Materials of the International Conference, November 26—28, 2007]. Moscow, Institut prikladnoy matematiki im. M.V. Keldysha RAN Publ., 2007, pp. 15—25. (In Russian)
  3. Bevzenko L.D. Sotsiokul’turnye faktory determinatsii postneklassicheskikh praktik [Social and Cultural Factors of Post-Non-Classical Practices Determination]. Postneklassicheskie praktiki i sotsiokul’turnye transformatsii : materialy Mezhdunarodnogo mezhdistsiplinarnogo seminara [Post-Non-Classical Practices and Sociocultural Transformations :
  4. Materials of International Interdisciplinary Seminar]. Moscow, MAKS Press Publ., 2009,
  5. pp. 29—35. (In Russian)
  6. Rezhabek E.Ya. Sinergeticheskie predstavleniya i sotsial’naya real’nost’ [Synergetic Concepts and Social Reality]. Sinergeticheskaya paradigma: Sotsial’naya sinergetika : sbornik statey [Synergetic Paradigm. Social Synergeics : Collection of Articles]. Moscow, Progress-Traditsiya Publ., 2009, pp. 37—62. (In Russian)
  7. Ob utverzhdenii prioritetnykh napravleniy razvitiya nauki, tekhnologiy i tekhniki v Rossiyskoy Federatsii i perechnya kriticheskikh tekhnologiy Rossiyskoy Federatsii : Ukaz Prezidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 7 iyulya 2011 № 889 [Оn Approval of the Priority Directions of Science, Engineering and Technology Development of the Russian Federation and of Russian Federation Critically Important Technologies List : Deсrее of the President of the Russian Federation no. 889 of July 7, 2011]. Ofitsial’nyy internet-portal Prezidenta RF [Official Internet portal of the President of the RF]. Available at: http://graph.document.kremlin.ru/page.aspx?1563800. Date of access: 12.02.2015. (In Russian)
  8. Anisimova A.E., Rakitov A.I., Rusetskaya M.N., Kondrat’ev V.M., Sakharova M.V., compiling editors. Modernizatsiya Rossii: nauka, obrazovanie, vysokie tekhnologii : Tezisy vystupleniy uchastnikov II vserossiyskoy konferentsii po naukovedeniyu (15—17 noyabrya 2010 goda) [Modernization of Russia: Science, Education, Technology. Theses of the Speeches of the Participants of the 2nd AII-Russia Conference оn Science of Science. November 15—17, 2010]. Moscow, MGGU Publ., 2010, 572 p. (In Russian)
  9. Kuzyk B.N., Yakovets Yu.V. Rossiya—2050: strategiya innovatsionnogo proryva [Russia—2050: Strategy for an Innovative Breakthrough]. Moscow, Ekonomika Publ., 2004, pp. 95—112. (In Russian)
  10. Korovkin A.G., Akhundova O.V., Dolgova I.N., Klimova N.V., Korolev I.B., Podorvanova Yu.A., Polezhaev A.V. Prognoz sotsial’no-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya Rossii: programma issledovaniy [Forecast of Social and Economic Development of Russia: Investigation Program]. Institut narodnokhozyaystvennogo prognozirovaniya RAN [National Economy Forecasting Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences]. Moscow, Ekonomika Publ., 2004, pp. 13—21. (In Russian)
  11. Molokova T.A., editor. Praviteli Rossii i razvitie stroitel’stva [Rulers of Russia and Development of Construction]. Moscow, MISI—MGSU Publ., 2012, 295 p. (In Russian)
  12. Strategicheskoe planirovanie i razvitie predpriyatiy : materialy 9-go vserossiyskogo simpoziuma [Strategic Planning and Development of Enterprises. Materials of the 9th AII-Russia Symposium]. Moscow, TsEMI RAN Publ., 2008, pp. 10—25. (In Russian)
  13. Ansoff I. Strategicheskiy menedzhment. Klassicheskoe izdanie [Strategic Management. Classical Edition]. Saint Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2009, pp. 10—20. (In Russian)
  14. Ansoff I. Novaya korporativnaya strategiya [New Corporate Strategy]. Saint Petersburg, Piter Publ., 1999, pp. 15—30. (In Russian)
  15. Gorshkov R.K., Ul’yanova A.V. Organizatsionnye polozheniya po razvitiyu sistemy strategicheskogo upravleniya i planirovaniya na stroitel’nykh predpriyatiyakh malogo i srednego biznesa otrasli [Organizational Statements оn the Development of Strategic Management and Planning System аt Small and Medium Construction Industry Enterprises]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 6, pp. 146—154. (In Russian)
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