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HYDRAULICS. ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY.HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

The coefficientof hydraulic friction of laminar open flows in smooth channels

Vestnik MGSU 5/2015
  • Medzveliya Manana Levanovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sci- ences, Associate Professor, Department of Hydraulics, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Borovkov Valeriy Stepanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Hydraulics, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; mgsu-hydraulic@ yandex.ru; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 86-92

The article examines the dependence of the hydraulic friction coefficient of open laminar uniform streams on the relative width of channels with smooth bottom. The article presents the functional dependence that describes the hydraulic resistance in open channels with smooth bottoms.The experiments were carried out in a rectangular tray (6000×100×200). Aqueous solutions of glycerol were used as working fluids. The superficial tension and liquid density for the used liquids changed a little. The article declares that the coefficient of hydraulic friction λ in the zone of the laminar flow depends on the relative width of the channels with smooth bottom. In the article it is also shown that the Charny formula satisfactorily agrees with the theoretical formula and with the experimental data.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.5.86-92

References
  1. Orellana J., Chang P. Limitations of Chézy’s Equation in River Hydraulics as It Relates to Channel Geometry and Flow Properties. Proceedings, Annual Conference — Canadian Society for Civil Engineering. 2012, vol. 1, pp. 318—324.
  2. Dolgopolova E.N. Energy Losses and Hydraulic Friction of Open and Ice-Covered River Flow. Power Technology and Engineering. 2011, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 17—24. DOI: http://dx.doi.org.10.1007/s10749-011-0218-4.
  3. Di Cristo C., Iervolino M., Vacca A., Zanuttigh B. Influence of Relative Roughness and Reynolds Number on the Roll-Waves Spatial Evolution. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 2010, vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 24—33. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000139.
  4. Zhang K., Wang G., Sun X., Yang F., Lü H. Experiment on Hydraulic Characteristics of Shallow Open Channel Flow on Slope. Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. 2014, vol. 30, no. 15, pp. 182—189. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.15.024.
  5. Roche N., Daïan J.-F., Lawrence D.S.L. Hydraulic Modeling of Runoff over a Rough Surface under Partial Inundation. Water Resources Research. 2007, vol. 43, no. 8. Available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2006WR005484/full#publication-history/. Date of access: 20.02.2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005484.
  6. Al’tshul’ A.D., Pulyaevskiy A.M. O gidravlicheskikh soprotivleniyakh v ruslakh s usilennoy sherokhovatost’yu [On Hydraulic Resistance in Channels with Increased Unevenness]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydraulic Engineering]. 1974, no. 7, pp. 27—29. (In Russian)
  7. Reinius R. Steady Uniform Flow in Open Channel. Division of Hydraulics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, 1961, bulletin 60, 46 p.
  8. Tracy H.J., Lester C.M. Resistance Coefficient and Velocity Distribution in Smooth Rectangular Channel. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1592-A. Washington, US Government printing office, 1961, 18 p.
  9. Al’tshul’ A.D. Gazogidravlicheskaya analogiya N.E. Zhukovskogo i ee znachenie dlya gidrotekhniki [Hydraulic Analogy of N.E. Zhukovsky and its Role in Hydraulic Engineering]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydraulic Engineering]. 1948, no. 8, pp. 14—19. (In Russian)
  10. Medzveliya M.L., Pipiya V.V. Faktory, vliyayushchie na koeffitsient gidravlicheskogo treniya ravnomernykh otkrytykh potokov [The Factors Influencing the Pipe Friction Number of Uniform Open Channels]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 8, pp. 398—402. (In Russian)
  11. Al’tshul’ A.D., Lyapin V.Yu., Medzveliya M.L. Vliyanie chisla Fruda na koeffitsient gidravlicheskogo treniya ravnomernykh otkrytykh potokov [The Influence of Froude Number on the Pipe Friction Number of Uniform Open Channels]. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Stroitel’stvo [News of the Institutions of Higher Education. Construction]. 1991, no. 11, pp. 102—105. (In Russian)
  12. Medzveliya M.L., Pipiya V.V. Gidravlicheskoe soprotivlenie lotkov s sherokhovatym dnom [Hydraulic Resistance in Channels Having Rough Bottoms]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 9, pp. 95—100. (In Russian)
  13. Straub L.G., Silberman E., Nelson H.C. Some Observations on Open Channel Flow at Small Reynolds Numbers. J. eng. mech. div ASCE. 1956, vol. 82, no. 3, pp. 1—28.
  14. Al’tshul’ A.D., Lyapin V.Yu., Al Heder B. O vliyanii formy secheniya rusla na gidrodinamicheskie kharakteristiki turbulentnykh potokov [On the Influence of the Shape of the Channel Section on Hydro-dynamic Characteristics of Turbulent Flows]. Izvestiya vuzov. Energetika [News of Institutions of Higher Education. Power Engineering]. 1992, no. 4, pp. 91—94. (In Russian)
  15. Kruger F. Der Einfluss der Querschnittsform auf den Fliesswiderstand offener Rechteckgerinne. Wasserwirtschaft-Wassertechnik. 1989, Jg. 39, Nr. 1, S. 19—20.
  16. Rabinovich E.Z. Gidravlika [Hydraulics]. 2nd edition. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1977, 266 p. (In Russian)

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Developmentof the safety monitoring system of hydraulic structuresof the Moscow canal

Vestnik MGSU 5/2015
  • Levachev Stanislav Nikolaevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Hydraulic Engineering Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Fedorova Tat’yana Sergeevna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate Student, Department of Hydraulic Engineering Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 73-85

The basis of the enterprise “Moscow Canal” in its present state is the canal Moscow - Volga constructed in 1937. Today “Moscow Canal” is the biggest water transport and water industry complex. It has 10 filiations and solves a substantial complex of tasks. One of the most important part of hydraulic structures operation is their observation or monitoring of their safety, which gives us timely and adequate picture of their work and helps to forecast and prevent emergency situations.The article is devoted to the development of the monitoring system of the waterworks of the Moscow canal beginning with the moment of its construction to the present time, the observation analysis of the condition of the walls of canal locks chambers, lock no. 2 where destructive processes in the operation of the walls were first discovered and different methods of liquidation of their development were made. The main problems in the field of monitoring of hydrotechnical structures of the Moscow canal are identified basing on the analysis of the observations.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.5.73-85

References
  1. Shankin P.A., Rumyantsev A.M. Obshchaya instruktsiya po issledovaniyam i nablyudeniyam za gidrotekhnicheskimi sooruzheniyami kanala Moskva-Volga [General Instructions for Research and Observations of the Hydraulic Structures of the Canal Moscow-Volga]. Moscow, Leningrad, Gosudarstvennoe energeticheskoe izdatel’stvo, 1943, 60 p. (In Russian)
  2. Ni V.E. Rezul’taty nablyudeniy za sostoyaniem gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy kanala imeni Moskvy [The Results of Observations of the Hydraulic Structures State of the Moscow Canal]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydrotechnical Construction]. 1977, no. 12, pp. 28—33. (In Russian)
  3. Bocharov V.V., Ni V.E. Povyshenie nadezhnosti shlyuzov [Improving the Reliability Gateways]. Rechnoy transport [River Transport]. 1982, no. 3, pp. 35—36. (In Russian)
  4. Ni V.E. O prochnosti sten kamer shlyuzov [On the Strength of the Walls of the Chambers Gateways]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydrotechnical Construction]. 1982, no. 9, pp. 35—38. (In Russian)
  5. Ni V.E. Nadzor za nadezhnost’yu i bezopasnost’yu gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy kanala imeni Moskvy [Oversight of the Reliability and Safety of Hydraulic Structures of the Moscow Canal]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydrotechnical Construction]. 1987, no. 6, pp. 11—17. (In Russian)
  6. Pukhov I.E. Fiziko-mekhanicheskie svoystva betona shlyuzov kanala imeni Moskvy [Physical and Mechanical properties of Concrete Gateway of the Moscow Canal]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydraulic Engineering]. 1988, no. 8, pp. 44—46. (In Russian)
  7. Rubin O.D., Umnova R.V., Ni V.E. Analiz raboty i usilenie sten dokovykh shlyuzov [Work Analysis of and Strengthening the Walls of Dock Gateways]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydrotechnical Construction]. 1988, no. 8, pp. 47—79. (In Russian)
  8. Rubin O.D., Umnova R.V., Ni V.E. Usilenie ekspluatiruemykh podpornykh sooruzheniy [Strengthening the Operating Retaining Structures]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydrotechnical Construction]. 1989, no. 12, pp. 42—45. (In Russian)
  9. Volkov V.I., Kaganov G.M. O terminologii normativno-pravovykh dokumentov, svyazannykh s obespecheniem bezopasnosti gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy [On the Terminology of Legal Documents Related to the Safety of Hydraulic Structures]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydrotechnical Construction]. 2010, no. 3, pp. 44—48. (In Russian)
  10. Federal’nyy zakon ot 21 iyulya 1997 g. № 117-FZ. O bezopasnosti gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy (s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami) [Federal Law no. 177-FZ from July 21, 1997 on Safety of Hydraulic Structures]. Internet Portal GARANT.RU. Available at: http://base.garant.ru/12100061/#help#ixzz3YUsxcr7F/. Date of access: 25.03.2015. (In Russian)
  11. Vasilevskiy A.G., Serkov V.S. O nekotorykh rezul’tatakh primeneniya Federal’nogo zakona «O bezopasnosti gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy» [Some Results of the Application of the Federal Law on Safety of Hydraulic Structures]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydrotechnical Construction]. 2009, no. 9, pp. 34—38. (In Russian)
  12. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po kontrolyu tekhnicheskogo sostoyaniya i otsenke bezopasnosti sudokhodnykh gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy [Methodical Recommendations on the Control of Technical Condition and Safety Assessment of Shipping Waterworks]. Utverzhdeno zamestitelem rukovoditelya Federal’nogo agentstva morskogo i rechnogo transporta V.N. Vovk 15.04.2011 g. [Approved by the Deputy Director of Federal Agency of See and River Transport V.N. Vovk on 25.04.2011]. Moscow, ROSMORREChFLOT Publ., 2011, 136 p. (In Russian)
  13. Volosukhin V.A., Volosukhin Ya.V. O problemnykh voprosakh v oblasti bezopasnosti gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy. Opyt proektirovaniya i ekspluatatsii ob'ektovykh sistem monitoringa. Normativno-metodicheskoe obespechenie: sostoyanie i perspektivy razvitiya : nauchno-prakticheskaya konferentsiya (FGBU VNII GOChS 26 oktyabrya 2011 g.) [On Problematic Issues in the Field of Safety of Hydraulic Structures. Design and Operation Experience of Object Monitoring Systems. Normative and Methodological Support: State and Development Prospects : Science and Practice Conference (FGBU VNII GOChS October 26, 2011)]. Monitoring. Nauka i bezopasnost’. 2011. Spetsial’nyy vypusk [Monitoring. Science and Safety. Special Edition]. Pp. 84—97. (In Russian)
  14. Instruktsiya po nablyudeniyam i issledovaniyam na sudokhodnykh gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniyakh. Chast’ I. Gidrotekhnicheskaya [Manual for Observations and Research on Navigable Hydraulic Structures. Part I. Hydrotechnical]. Moscow, Transport Publ., 1981, 95 p. (In Russian)
  15. SP 58.13330.2012. Gidrotekhnicheskie sooruzheniya. Osnovnye polozheniya. Aktualizirovannaya redaktsiya SNiP 33-01—2003 [Requirements SP 58.13330.2012. Hydraulic Engineering Structures. The Main Provisions. Revised Edition of SNiP 33-01-2003]. Moscow, Minregion Rossii Publ., 2012, 52 p. (In Russian)
  16. Mel’nikov E., Morozov V., Krasnoshchekov I. Razrabotka sistemy kontrolya sostoyaniya gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy sudokhodnogo shlyuza [Development of the System for Condition Monitoring of Hydraulic Structures Ship Lock]. STA: Sovremennye tekhnologii avtomatizatsii [CTA (Contemporary Technologies in Automation)]. 2012, no. 4, pp. 80—84. (In Russian)
  17. Levachev S.N., Mel’nik G.V., Darevskiy V.E., Fedorova T.S. Napryazhenno-deformirovannoe sostoyanie sten kamery shlyuza № 2 Kanala imeni Moskvy [The Stress-Strain State of the Walls of the Lock Chamber no. 2 of the Moscow Canal]. Gidrotekhnika [Hydrotechnics]. 2012, no. 4 (29), pp. 85—90. (In Russian)
  18. Levachev S.N., Fedorova T.S. Napryazhenno-deformirovannoe sostoyanie betona sten kamer shlyuzov kanala imeni Moskvy [Stress-strain State of Concrete in the Walls of Lock Chambers of the Moscow Channel]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 8, pp. 137—149. (In Russian)
  19. Zakreplenie sten kamer shlyuzov № 1—9 metodom kolonn [Securing the Walls of Locks no. 1—9 by Columns]. LLC «Gidrostroyremont». Moscow, 2005, 25 p. (In Russian)
  20. Rozental’ N.K., Chekhniy G.V., Bazanov V.E., Borisov T.Yu., Shurukhin L.A. Korrozionnoe sostoyanie betonnykh i zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy shlyuzov Rybinskogo gidrouzla [Corrosion State of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures of the Gateways of Rybinsk Hydroelectric Complex]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydrotechnical Construction]. 2010, no. 5, pp. 4—15. (In Russian)
  21. Rozental’ N.K., Chekhniy G.V., Bazanov V.E., Borisov T.Yu., Shurukhin L.A. Korrozionnoe sostoyanie zhelezobetonnykh i kamennykh konstruktsiy zdaniy Rybinskogo gidrouzla [Corrosion State of Reinforced Concrete and Stone Constructions of the Structures of Rybinsk Hydroelectric Complex]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydrotechnical Construction]. 2010, no. 6, pp. 19—29. (In Russian)
  22. Rozental’ N.K., Chekhniy G.V., Bazanov V.E., Borisov T.Yu., Shurukhin L.A. Sostoyanie betona gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy Rybinskogo gidrouzla [The State of Concrete Hydraulic Structures of Rybinsk Hydroelectric Complex]. Gidrotekhnicheskoe stroitel’stvo [Hydrotechnical Construction]. 2010, no. 7, pp. 22—31. (In Russian)

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The coefficient of discharge in a channel with side narrowing

Vestnik MGSU 6/2015
  • Medzveliya Manana Levanovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 110-114

The author considers the influences of the forces of viscosity and superficial tension on the discharge ratio in a channel with side narrowing. In the article the equation is presented that takes into account the influence of all the factors: the pressure, the speed of the liquid, liquid density, dynamic viscosity, superficial tension, gravity acceleration, expense per unit of width, width of the course, width of narrowing. Superficial tension and liquid density for the used liquids changed a little.The narrowing in the rectangular tray was achieved by force of flowing liquid between rectangular parallelepipeds, which were attached to the wall of the tray. The dimensions of the rectangular parallelepipeds were: the length L = 200 mm, the width B = 33 mm, and the depth of the mouth b = 34 mm.The findings of the experiment proved that the increase in the Reynolds number causes the increase flow discharge ratio and it approaches the constant value at Re ? 4000.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.6.110-114

References
  1. Kabiri-Samani A.R., Shams M.-R. Discharge Coefficient of Subsurface Weirs. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. Water Management. 2014, vol. 167, no. 4, pp. 187—193. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/wama.12.00050.
  2. Ramamurthy A.S., Kai J., Han S.S. V-Shaped Multislit Weirs. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering. 2013, vol. 139, no. 7, pp. 582—585. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000574.
  3. Aydin I., Ger A.M., Hincal O. Measurement of Small Discharges in Open Channels by Slit Weir. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering. 2002, vol. 128, no. 2, pp. 234—237. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:2(234).
  4. Ranga Raju K.G., Srivastava R., Porey P.D. Scale Effects in Modelling Flow over Broad-Crested Weirs. Irrigation & Power. 1990, vol. 47, no. 30, pp. 101—106.
  5. Roche N., Daïan J.-F., Lawrence D.S.L. Hydraulic Modeling of Runoff over a Rough Surface under Partial Inundation. Water Resources Research. 2007, vol. 43, no. 8. W08410, pp. 1—11. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006wr005484.
  6. Raju R., Asawa L. Viscosity and Surface Tension Effects on Weir Flow. J. of the Hydraulics div. ASCE. 1977, vol. 103, no. 10, pp. 1227—1231.
  7. Raju R., Ali J., Ahmad J. Discharge Relationship for Suppressed and Contracted. Thin-plate Weirs. J. of the Inst. of Engnrs. India. 1972, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 286—293.
  8. Zhang K., Wang G., Sun X., Yang F., Lü H. Experiment on Hydraulic Characteristics of Shallow open Channel Flow on Slope. Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao/Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering. 2014, vol. 30, no. 15, pp. 182—189. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2014.15.024.
  9. Maxwell W., Hall C., Weggel J. Surface Tension in Froude Models. J. of Hydraulics Division. ASCE. 1969, vol. 95, no. HY2, March, pp. 677—704.
  10. Milano V. Ricerca sperimentale sull eflusse di cerenti lente au stramazzi in parete sottile a bassa soglia. Idrotecnica. 1981, no. 6, pp. 263—274.
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Featuresof velocity distribution in a turbulent flow

Vestnik MGSU 6/2015
  • Borovkov Valeriy Stepanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Hydraulics and Water Resources, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Volshanik Valeriy Valentinovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor, Department of Hydroelectric Engineering and Use of Aquatic Resource, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Rylova Irina Aleksandrovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) student, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 103-109

In this article the questions of kinematic structure of steady turbulent flow near a solid boundary are considered. It has been established that due to friction the value of the local Reynolds number decreases and always becomes smaller than the critical value of the Reynolds number, which leads to formation of viscous flow near a wall. Velocity profiles for the area of viscous flow with constant and variable shear stress are obtained. The experimental investigations of different authors showed that in this area the flow is of unsteady character, where viscous flow occurs intermittently with turbulent flow. With increasing distance from the wall the flow becomes fully turbulent. In the area where generation and dissipation of turbulence are very intensive, there is a developed turbulent flow with increasing distance from the wall. Dissipation of turbulence is an action of viscous force. The logarithmic velocity profile was obtained by L. Prandtl disregarding the viscous component and the linear variation of the shear stress in the depth flow. The profile parameters C and k were determined from Nikuradze’s experiments. The detailed investigations of Nikuradze’s experiments established the part of the flow where the logarithmic velocity profile is correctly confirmed.This part of the flow was called “Prandtl layer”. The measured velocity distribution above this layer deviates in the direction of greater values. Processing of experimental data revealed that the thickness of the “Prandtl layer”, normalized to the radius of a pipe, depend on a drag coefficient. The formula for determining the thickness of the “Prandtl layer” with the known value of the drag coefficient is obtained. It is shown that the thickness of “Prandtl layer” almost coincides with the boundary layer displacement thickness formed on the wall of the pipe.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.6.103-109

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