"Вестник МГСУ"

The paper presents pile strip foundations in the areas with karst risk. The analysis of karst hole formation mechanism shows the lateral soil pressure on the piles caused by the downfallen soil on the hole rims, which transfers around the hole edges during karst hole formation. In this case, the horizontal pressure of the pile reactive force in the area of the pile connection with the raft is transferred to the raft. Pile failure at the hole boundaries will lead to the increase of the raft bearing distance above the karst hole. The inadequate raft bearing capacity can provoke the emergency situation. The existing Codes on karst protective foundations design do not contain the analysis of pile and raft horizontal pressure under the downfallen soil.The goal of this work is to develop the method of pile strip foundations analysis in the areas with karst risk in case of karst hole formation. The analysis of stress-strain state of the system “foundation soil — pile foundation” was carried out using numerical modeling in geotechnical program MIDAS GTS. As a result of numerical investigations, the diagrams of lateral soil pressure onto the piles and the raft are plotted. The pile pressure is approximated with the linear or bilinear function in dependence on geometrical dimensions of the karst hole and strength characteristics of soil that generates the horizontal pressure.In the Codes, the analysis of a pile under lateral soil pressure is given for a pile with the free end. In the problem examined, the pile head has the hinged bearing in place of the connection with the raft. In view of the given boundary data, the pile design scheme is plotted. The inner forces and displacements of the pile are determined by integrating the differential equation of a pile bending. The consistent integrations are evaluated out of the boundary conditions. The boundary values of inner forces and displacements are evaluated from the equality conditions of displacements and inner forces in the pile at the level of the hole bottom that are evaluated in turn for the upward and downward pile section. The method of pile analysis is developed in case of lateral soil pressure approximation with the linear function.The method worked out allows recalculating a pile being at the edge of the karst hole and accepting the lateral pressure of the downfallen soil on the hole edges.

The article deals with research results of the sealing of pores in drainage filters by organic particles. Permeability tests were carried out with the constant gradient 1.5. The water flow through the sample of soil was top-down.The tests were carried out with 2 types of samples: the first part of samples had layers (from up to down) 300 mm peat and 2 layers of geotextile, the second part consisted of 250 mm peat, 200 mm fine sand and 2 layers of geotextile. Well decomposed peatsamples were used. Peat had the following characteristics: density is 1,05...1,06 g/cm3, specific density — 1,53...1,56 g/cm3, void ratio — 12,0...12,5. The duration of each test was 15 days. During testing the hydraulic conductivity of samples was decreased by 1.3...1.9.After completing the tests the hydraulic conductivity of sand and geotextile were measured. The content of organic matter in geotextile and fine sand was determined as well. Dry mass of organic matter in the first layer of geotextile in the first type of samples were 1,0…1,3 g per 75 cm2. The organic matter in the second layer of geotextile in the first type of samples and in the first layer of geotextile in the second type wasn’t exposed. Fine sands protected the drainage geotextile as a result of sealing of pore space of sands by organic matter.

The authors analyze the Hardening Soil Model possibilities for describing the soil behavior under the load, using numerical simulation of the stabilometric tests for varied density sand.According to the study, the assumption that dilatancy angle stays constant is correct only for the dense soil. On the other hand, for the loose or medium density soil this assumption is unacceptable. For the loose and medium density sands, the calculation error in volumetric strain analysis may exceed 50 %.In order to assess the adequacy of soil behavior description in the calculations using the model of "Hardening Soil" numerical simulations were performed using Plaxis triaxial testing of soil. In deviatoric loading the loose soil consolidants, the dilatancy development in the sand of average density has an alternating pattern, the dense sand deconsolodates. The values parameters of the model "Hardening Soil" were determined by the results of experimental data obtained in the AO «NIIES» in triaxial tests the «Liuberetskii» sand and on the recommendations of the program Plaxis. As the results of numerical studies, the soil model "Hardening Soil" describes quite well the development of volumetric strain with the full compressing the soil and the development of shear deformations in the deviatoric loading.In the case of deviatoric loading the relationship between the centerline and the volume deformation is essentially non-linear (Fig. 3a), in contrast to the theoretical assumption of constancy of the angle of dilatancy. In the dense sand at the approach to the limiting value the increment of volume strain (by absolute value) increases, and in the loose sand decreases.

At present, while evaluating bored piles load capacity in clay soils by CPT data, the depth of active area below the end face plane, within which the averaging of CPT values takes place, is taken as different in different Codes. Thus, for instance, in native Codes and Recommendations the depth of active area is taken from 2 to 4 pile diameters. In foreign Codes such as Belorussian, the depth of active area is taken up to 4 pile diameters and in European Codes - within 0,8-4 pile diameters. In order to specify the regularities of active area forming at different stages of loading, in-situ experimental investigations of large scale models have been carried out. At the test site, two small scale bored piles with the diameter of 130 mm were penetrated into the soil to the depth of 1100 m. The investigations were carried out in two stages: the first - pile static test with measuring of soil vertical displacements with the help of deep marks; the second - digging out soil around the pile and soil sampling at different depths. According to the results of the investigations carried out, the depth of the active area while reaching the limit state was determined to be about two pile diameters. With significant pile settlements (more than 0,58 d), the dimensions of this area do not exceed three pile diameters below the end face plane, and two diameters to the side from the pile axis. Within the lateral surface the significant variation of soil physical characteristics appears to be at the distance not less than 0,4 pile diameter from the lateral surface. Due to investigations’ results, it can be noted that in case of bored pile load less than the limit one, the depth of the active area is about two pile diameters. When the pile reaches its limit state, that provokes significant settlements, zone of compaction does not exceed three diameters to the depth and two diameters to the side from the pile axis.

The authors modified classical dummy-unit load method by adding elastic pliable foundation in the computation scheme. System attributes (internal force and foundation settlements) were obtained in symbolic form. Sensitivity functions were computed as direct system attributes differential with respect to a specific parameter. The developed method analyzes the structures’ properties with pliable foundation with sensitivity functions on the entire set of parameters. Using the above method, we observed the properties of the three-bay single-storey flat frame, computed sensitivity coefficients of a relative difference foundation settlements and the maximum bending moment of design frame parameters. Structural analysis without considering pliable base corresponds to a model with incompressible foundation. Practically such grounds are rare. Pliable base leads to displacement of the foundations, which in turn changes the stress-strain state of structures. Calculation of foundation settlements as freestanding unrelated elements also leads to errors. In general, settlement of any foundation leads to additional forces in the elements of the entire system, and hence to additional settlement of the remaining foundations. This issue is especially important for frame structures with freestanding foundations, such as joint foundation settlements caused by the stiffness of the structural elements of the frame. Thus, the analysis of foundation and frame elements collaboration based on sensitivity functions helps to assess the impact of system parameters on its properties. Purposeful reduction of the design parameters of the frame elements reduced the relative differential foundation settlements from 0.00213 to 0.00197 and the maximum bending moment from 781.2 kN∙m to 738.6 kN∙m.

A lot of papers have been dedicated to simulation of dynamic processes in soil and underground structures. For example, some authors considered wave distribution in underground water pipes for creation of vibration monitoring system, others considered theoretical and algorithm aspects of efficient implementation of realistic seismic wave attenuation due to viscosity development with the help of Finite Difference Method, etc. The paper describes the numerical simulation, designed for simulation of the stress-strain state in the ground subjected to wave processes. We consider the ground with a concrete structure immersed in. The purpose of the work is the description of small vibrations in hard soil, which can nevertheless make undesirable impact on the objects in the ground or on the surface. Explicit Wilkins type scheme is used for time integration. It has proven to be successful, including the use in a well-known LS-DYNA code. As a result we created our own computer code based on the finite element method (FEM). An example of its practical usage is given.

In the article the problem of calculation of a construction basis system in case of earthquake is considered taking into account casual properties of basis soil in various points of the soil body. As a stochastic function in the calculation of linearly deformable basis, the deformation module, which accepts different values in the direction
x,
y,
z, was chosen. In the calculation of the system on non-linearly deformable basis as incidentally distributed sizes the following parameters were accepted: deformation module, shear modulus, specific adhesion, angle of internal friction. The authors of the article offer to consider initial seismic influence in the form of casual stationary process. In order to solve such problems modern software systems are proposed that solve differential equations of motion via direct integration with explicit schemes. The calculation in this case will be held on the synthesized accelerograms. A short review of the task solution of the beam lying on elastic basis, which was received by D.N. Sobolev at casual distribution of pastel coefficient in the direction
x, is provided in article. In order to define the objective, D.N. Sobolev gives expressions for a population mean and correlation function of stochastic function. As a result of the task solution population means and dispersions of function of movements and its derivatives were received. The problem formulation considered in the article is more complicated, but at the same time important from a practical standpoint.

The interaction process of a power plant building with the soil base is studied basing on mathematical modeling of the construction process of Kambarata-2 HPP, taking into account the excavation of foundation pit, the concreting schedule of the building construction, the HPP units putting into operation and territory planning. Mathematical modeling of stress-strain state of the system “power plant - soil base” in the process of construction was performed by using the computer program “Zemlya” (the Earth), which implements the method of finite elements. Such a behavior of soil was described using elastoplastic soil model, the parameters of which were determined from the results of the triaxial tests. As shown by the results of the research, the continuous change of settlement, slope, deflection and torsion of the bottom plate and accordingly change of stressed-strained state of power plant are noted during the construction process. The installed HPP construction schedule, starting from the construction of the first block and the adjacent mounting platform, is leading to the formation of initial roll of bottom plate to the path of the mounting pad. In the process of further construction of powerhouse, up to the 29th phase of construction (out of 40), a steady increase in its subsidence (maximum values of about 4.5 cm) is noted. Filling of foundation pit hollows and territorial planning of the construction area lead to drastic situation. In this case, as a territory planning points exceeded the relief, the plastic deformation in the soil evolves, resulting in significant subsidence of the bottom plate under the first block (up to 7.4 cm). As a result, the additional subsidence of the soil of bottom plate edges lead to the large vertical movement in relation to its central part and it is bent around the X axis, resulting in a large horizontal tensile stress values of Sz (up to 2.17 MPa) in the constructive elements of the upper part of the powerhouse. At the same time, the calculations performed on the assumption of instantaneous power plant construction forecast only a uniform slope of bottom plate in the direction of the headwater and do not allow us to track the process of stress-strain state of the power plant for adequate reinforcement of its elements.

Initial and boundary conditions are always given for solving the problem of calculating the interaction of tunnels and other underground structures with soil and rocks. The same conditions are set for calculating the surface buildings. These initial data for calculation are divided into three groups: 1) the geometrical shape of the layers of rocks (geological structure); 2) the parameters of the strength and compressibility of rocks; 3) compressive stresses in the array. These data all over the world are set with engineering surveys. In engineering surveys there are good methods of determining the source of the data 1 and 2. But there is no available methodology for determining the natural stress state. Therefore, compressive and tensile stresses are usually determined by mathematical modeling. The calculation of the compressive stresses is done on the basis of the following hypotheses: compressive stresses are created by the weight of rocks; they go down in proportion to the density of rocks; the main normal stress is has a vertical direction; normal stress in horizontal direction is smaller. The value of the horizontal stress is was calculated using Poisson’s ratio. This hypothesis of the nineteenth century was used another 50 years ago, when it was not known exactly about the movement of the continents and when compressive stresses in the earth’s crust have not yet been measured. Today a universal application of this hypothesis is not correct. Now the application of this hypothesis in many cases is not correct. In this research paper an attempt is made to specify the area, in which the above hypothesis can be used. This is done on the basis of current scientific evidence. Abroad this way of calculating tunnels and other underground structures and bases of buildings should be done taking into account the real field of natural stresses. The geological characteristics of the location of the axes of stresses in soil body are based on the study of fractures. Also the article shows the influence of the surface topography of the territory on stress in soil. In order to draw conclusions the author uses his observations of the construction in Siberia and Mongolia, as well as publications of other scientists. The author notes that in engineering surveys for construction of tunnels, high-rise dams, high rise buildings there is no good method of determining the natural stresses in rocks and soils, which is equal in accuracy to the methods of construction of geological sections and methods for determining the estimated characteristics of the soil. This gap needs to be filled. The possible direction of work is: to combine the methods of direct measurements of compressive stresses with indirect geophysical methods and computer modeling.

More than 20 years ago, Rostov-based Promstroyniiproekt Institute (Research and Development Institute for Industrial Engineering), backed by Geotechnika group of companies and other organizations, commenced using cement grouting to stabilize soil as part of foundation soils of buildings. It has turned out that consolidation of water saturated by clay accelerates grouting and assures higher strength than the silicification method. The article describes a new method of grouting and a case study of grouting stabilization of the foundation soil of a five-storey residential house, made by subsiding soils and subjacent fluid-plastic clay loams.The work was complicated by the fact that clay was displaced by the cement-sand mortar injected at the pressure insufficient for formation of discontinuous cavities. In these circumstances, the team of researchers developed and implemented an integrated solution to avoid clay clustering under the influence of the injected grout.The authors consider problems arising in the course of operation of buildings in the above geotechnical environment and describe the sequence of grouting operations. The article includes the work performance pattern and patterns of building control.

This paper covers the technology of stabilization of loose soils through the employment of silt-cement piles, or the so-called deep soil stabilization technology. It is applicable to various types of loose soils, including clay, sapropel, silt and peat. However, geotechnical and chemical properties of soils surely affect the stabilization efficiency and the choice for the stabilization material.The authors provide a brief overview of the soil stabilization technology employing silt-cement piles and based on the principle of dry mixing of water-saturated natural soil with cement. Thus, dry powder enters into the chemical reaction with the stream of water to reduce the content of water in the soil. The research into the bearing capacity of siltcement piles and the stabilized territory of moorings was performed in the Temryuk port.The co-objective of the research was to identify the operating conditions of cargo moorings in the Temryuk port constructed on loose soils. All conclusions were based on the field data, seismometric and laboratory tests. The analysis of and research into the operating conditions of moorings demonstrate the efficiency of the long-term operation of berthing facilities constructed on the soils stabilized by silt-cement piles. This methodology can be used to stabilize port territories, road beds of railways and highways constructed on loose soils.The authors also elaborate on the potential upgrade of categories of cargo moorings constructed on loose soils and stabilized by silt-cement piles. Calculation results and researches demonstrate that it is quite difficult to significantly upgrade loading categories in respect of open warehouse spaces, as silt-cement piles of the pre-set diameter cannot provide for the bearing capacity corresponding to the first category loading. The solution may consist in the change of the stabilization design with account for the thixotropic properties of clay soils. Structural solutions may consist in the selection of the pile foot designs that may stabilize loose clay soils, on the one hand, and meet the loading requirements, on the other hand.

The article deals with the results of the numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of a 50 m high earthfill cofferdam. A geocomposite membrane (geo-membrane and geotextile layers) in its upper part (20 m) serves as a seepage control element. The grout curtain is installed in the lower part of the cofferdam and in the foundation. The cofferdam design implements the idea of using riprap to reduce the weight of the geocomposite membrane.The analysis proves that the high weight of the membrane considerably worsens the stress state of both the membrane and the whole dam. First of all, the load causes additional deflection of the membrane and consequently increases tensile stresses inside it. Second, due to the low value of the friction coefficient (approximately 0.3 0.4) in the point of contact between the geocomposite membrane and soil the dam upstream shell may slide down along the geocomposite membrane. Additional dam displacements may cause considerable tensile forces in the geomembrane. Their maximum values are comparable to the strength of the polymer material used for the manufacturing of the membrane. Any rupture of the membrane and geotextile layers may be expected. The analysis proves that it is necessary to get compensators in the polymer membrane allowing for the extension of the membrane absent of any tensile forces.The analysis proves that the geocomposite membrane does not affect the stressstrain state of the earth fill due to its small thickness. Non-linear effects of “earth – geomembrane” contacts are to be taken into account, because tensile forces appear inside geo-membranes due to the presence of friction forces.

The author proposes original grounds for the classification of the full range of soil masses as a supplement to the classification of soils provided in GOST 25100—2011. The author proposes four classes of soil masses, each class having several types and sub-types of soils. The classification will improve the accuracy of engineering and geological surveys and computer models of the geological environment developed for the purpose of design of buildings and structures. The author offers a classification of soils to identify the geological environment comprising one or more types of soil which are genetically and structurally distinct. Any soil mass type differs by its origin, and, as a consequence, its internal geological structure, stress-strain state and inherent geological processes. Any genetically isolated type of soils a specific program of research, both in terms of methods and in terms of density testing in the point of sampling. The behavior of rock masses together with the engineering structure is pre-determined by the properties of the rock, its relative position (geological structure), a network of cracks and other weakening factors, and the natural state of stress. The fracture network is of paramount importance. Cracks are characterized by direction, length, width, surface roughness of walls, and a distance between parallel cracks.

The problem of expansion of a spherical cavity is solved using models of the plasticity theory, proposed by Grigoryan S.S., Zuev V.V. and Ioselevich V.A. The theory allows us to take account of a number of significant features of the soil deformation behavior. It is shown that the solution can be reduced to the solution of the Cauchy problem for the system of three differential equations. Specific calculations were made for the loamy ground at different depths of the spherical cavity. Distribution of displacements and stresses in the soil mass as well as loading trajectories were obtained. It was found out how fully the suggested model reflects the real work of the soil in mass by comparing specific engineering solutions based on the theory, experimental and observation findings. For the same purpose, simpler problems are solved, those that axxept a solution in the presence of different hypotheses about the relation between stresses and deformations. The analysis of these solutions allow us to detect differences between commonly used schematizations and the pattern proposed by the current model.The tasks under concern are of practical use in the construction industry.

For the first time classifications of soil in the base of buildings and structures were offered in the soil classification given in All Union State standard "Soil" 25100—2011. The soil masses can consist only of dispersed soil or of rocks and dispersed soil. In the second case strong rocks alternate with the precipitates which haven't received natural hardening. Classification tables are provided for the masses consisting entirely of soil, and also for soil masses of rocks and dispersed soil. For the second class the abbreviated name "SKADI" is offered. For the class of dispersed soil masses the classification by the principle of their origin is used: sedimentary, vulkanogenic-sedimentary, eluvial (aeration products), technogenic. For the class "SKADI", in which soil and rocks come together, the classification is: magmatic, metamorphic, sedimentary, vulkanogen-sedimentary, eluvial and technogenic. Subtypes are also classified by origin. For example, in the sedimentary soil type, the subtypes are: sea origin and continental origin. In the class "SKADI" in sedimentary type we distinguish: sea locally strengthened by nature, continental locally strengthened by nature, sea locally destroyed by aeration to the state of soil, continental locally destroyed by aeration to the state of soil, and mass of rocks with crushing zones. The reasons for the offered classifications are given and discussed. The offered classifications are intended for planning engineering-geological researches for construction. The reason is that the quantity of boreholes, types and number of tests of soil and rocks depend on soil class, type and subtype. The classifications can be useful in case of choosing the method for soil masses simulation to calculate the bases and to preliminary estimate the level of the base model complexity.

In this article we propose a classification for the masses of rock and soil, located in the bases of the buildings in permafrost zone. Classifications are made for masses consisting entirely of rock and soil with negative temperature, as well as for masses, including thawed soils and rocks. Updated in 2011 the Russian All-Union State Standard«Soil», which came into force in 2013, includes a classification of frozen soils, which are distinguished in a separate class. This is one of the differences of our inter-state standard, issued by the Eurasian Council for standardization, Metrology and certification, from the international English-language normative document (ISO). It is caused by the fact that on the territory of the European Union there is no permafrost soil, and only soils and rocks are discussed. In contrast, on the territory of Russia permafrost soil is widely distributed, in particular in the areas of extraction of exported raw materials. Permafrost is causing a significant, ongoing difficulties of construction and operation of buildings.The classification of soils in the Russian All-Union State Standard «Soil» and here is based on the type of physical and physico-chemical bonds between the particles in a soil. In frozen soils there are specific unstable bonds, due to the presence of ice. This fact calls for distinguishing the frozen soils into a separate class. In permafrost zone along with frozen soils that include ice, there are waterless soils and rocks with negative temperature. The list of soils in the permafrost zone, would be incomplete without:1) ice-soil (more than 90 % of ice), 2) chilled soil of the temperature below 0 °C, 3) soil with positive temperature. Cooled plastic or loose soils with negative temperatures lie in cryolithozone where there are soluble minerals or saline groundwater. Soils with positive temperature lie everywhere under permafrost at different depths, in summer they also arise over permafrost. In some places they occur in cryolithozone.In the classification of soils we will adhere to the principles set out in the first article of the series. In respect of the classes, we divide soils by the type of the bonds in them. Firstly, we single out frozen soils with the bonds created by ice, and, secondly, conditionally waterless soils with negative temperature, where there is no ice and bonds are physical and physico-chemical. For brevity, the second class of frozen masses is convenient to call the special soil of permafrost zone. At the level of subclasses we specify the classification by the same types of bonds in soils. In each of these two classes we detach subclasses: 1) rock mass, 2) disperse mass and 3) «skadi». Among the frozen soils there are specific fourth subclass — ice soils. The classification in respect of the types is made for masses consisting entirely of soils with negative temperatures, as well as for masses including thawed soils. The author offers justification and discussion of the proposed classifications.

Urban conditions are characterized by geographical and climatic features, geotechnical and hydrogeological conditions. But the main features are architecture, urban planning and engineering infrastructure solutions. This includes roads, water mains, electrical networks, sewage, heating system. Saturation of urban areas by engineering services depends on the size of the city, its population and climatic conditions. Metropoles and cities with long heating season are of particular importance in terms of this issue.The article discusses the need for full-scale investigation of the distribution of temperature field in the soil and underlying sediments during the engineering and environmental surveys in urban environment. In order to study the transfer of heat and moisture in clay soils and to assess its influence on their physical and mechanical properties the authors propose the principles of interaction simulation of the soil and the thermal field. We propose a preliminary methodology for monitoring the temperature and humidity of the soil mass under the influence of heat-conveying communications. Among these communications there are heating, water mains, hot water supply and sewerage.The location of the communications in the near-surface soil mass and the presence of sufficiently high temperature loads from mains are taken into account. To date there is no information on the monitoring of the nature of the distribution of the soils temperature field in urban areas and, accordingly, the spatial variability of the physical and mechanical properties of soils under natural conditions.The reason for it is in short term of geotechnical investigations for specified objects on the stage of project documentation development. Also in the conditions of a city it's almost impossible to place an experimental site with expensive facilities — wells and equipment and provide its safety for a long time (at last 1 year or more).The paper describes the laboratory setup and principles of equipment monitoring systems in field conditions, the basic principles of the experimental work techniques. The theoretical generalization of the results of methodological experiments and conduct large-scale field experiments is a challenge for further research.

The article presents the formulation and analytical solution to a quantification of stress strain state of a two-layer soil cylinder enclosing a long pile, interacting with the cap. The solution of the problem is considered for two cases: with and without account for the settlement of the heel and the underlying soil. In the first case, the article is offering equations for determining the stresses of pile’s body and the surrounding soil according to their hardness and the ratio of radiuses of the pile and the surrounding soil cylinder, as well as formulating for determining equivalent deformation modulus of the system “cap-pile-surrounding soil” (the system). Assessing the carrying capacity of the soil under pile’s heel is of great necessity. In the second case, the article is solving a second-order differential equation. We gave the formulas for determining the stresses of the pile at its top and heel, as well as the variation of stresses along the pile’s body. The article is also formulating for determining the settlement of the foundation cap and equivalent deformation modulus of the system. It is shown that, pushing the pile into underlying layer results in the reducing of equivalent modulus of the system.

Natural non-treated sand reinforced with randomly oriented short polypropylene fibers of 12 mm in length was tested to determine creep characteristics. This study is a part of the research aimed at encouraging fibrosand (FRS) application in subsoils, embankments and retaining wall constructions. Fiber content was accounted for 0.93 %. Twin specimens were put to creep tests (1-D compression) using the two curve method. The test results were analyzed and checked with the use of ageing, hardening and hereditary creep theories. On the basis of approximation of the test results the creep deformation equation at constant stress for tested fibrosand was obtained. The assessment of fibrosand secondary compression was carried out by the FORE method. As a result, the value of the void ratio by the end of the secondary compression had been eu=0.7041. For determination of the beginning of the secondary compression the rate equation was superimposed on the empirical curve. The point of the graph divergence is the beginning of the secondary compression process. The secondary compression had begun by the time moment being equal to 9360 min. The void ratio by the beginning of the secondary compression had amounted to 0.70574. Fibrosand is a specific type of improved soil relating to so-called pseudo-cohesive soil. This type of soil is characterized by cohesion like cohesive soils, but, at the same time, by the filtration coefficient of about 1 m per day like non-cohesive soils. Pseudo-cohesive soil testing helps to understand the distinctive features of the stress-strain state of this kind of materials. Municipal solid waste also relates to them.

The supports of a overhead wiring used in transport take up substantial loads both because of wires and constructions holding them and wind, dynamic and other extraordinary impacts. In case of using single-member piles a question about their stability appears. For this reason different sleepers constructions are used. In order to improve the bearing capacity of horizontally loaded single pile supports of the contact systems used in urban, road and rail transport, power lines, etc.., it is recommended to use sleepers as horizontally laid under the ground in the depth of support beams. The calculation methods for different support sleepers of different lengths and cross sections are not well investigated. The proposed calculation method allows determining the carrying capacity of horizontally loaded bearings with soil pieces of different structural dimensions and their location in the soil, which allows choosing the best option for cost and material consumption. The calculations offered by the authors prove the efficiency of sleepers use in order to increase the bearing capacity of horizontally loaded piles and the possibility to chose their size.