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SAFETY OF BUILDING SYSTEMS. ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS.GEOECOLOGY

Evaluation system of ecological safety on life cycle of inorganic fibrousheat-insulating materials

Vestnik MGSU 12/2013
  • Zhuk Petr Mikhaylovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 118-122

In the article the author develops uniform integrated criterion of fibrous heat-insulating materials assessment, which reflects all the aspects of their life cycle. When developing such criterion both computational and expert methods of assessment are used. The uniform ecological safety assessment system will allow to carry out assessment of materials of heat-insulating application adequately beginning with the scientific point of view at all levels and stages of the life cycle from specifying competitive strength of the uppliers in the market and to an ecological situation in the given area.When developing the uniform criterion the author uses the approach offered by Charles A.S. Hall (State University of New York) for efficiency assessment of fuel production (energy return on investment — EROI). The offered criterion provides the analysis of thermal energy quantity, which allows to keep a heat-insulating material throughout the year, the energy referred to expenses on life cycle of a considered heater. As a methodical base for calculations the methods of the theory of risks can be used (Elmeri, Fine-Kinney methods, etc.), an important role is played by quality management methods (for example, creation of charts of Walter Andrew Shewhart). Besides, there already exist acknowledged methods of building materials assessment: methods of parameters grid generation, ecological sieves, ecological trace, backpacks with impacts on environment, etc. The most important factor of the analysis of an offered indicator is discounting of the indicators connected with economy or expenses of energy resources as it allows to increase objectivity of an assessment. Besides, the article offers the way of analyzing emissions of greenhouse gases throughout life cycle of heat-insulating materials. In particular, it is offered to count the decrease of greenhouse gases emissions by reducingenergy consumption taking account for the number of emissions of COlife cycle.on the whole

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.12.118-122

References
  1. Buschmann R. Umweltvertr?glichkeit von Geb?uded?mmstoffen. Schleswig-Holstein, Ministerium f?r Umwelt, Natur und Forsten, Kiel, 2003.
  2. Luenser H. Auswahl und Bewertung von D?mmstoffen. Wirtschaftsministerium Baden-W?rttemberg, Referat 64, Stuttgart.
  3. Ovcharenko E.G. Tendentsii v razvitii proizvodstva utepliteley v Rossii [Tendencies of the Development of Heaters Production in Russia]. Uralstroyinfo Publ., Moscow, 2002. Available at: www.uralstroyinfo.ru. Date of access: 31.08.13.
  4. Rumyantsev B.M., Zhukov A.D. Printsipy sozdaniya novykh stroitel'nykh materialov [Principles New Building Materials Development] Internet-vestnik VolgGASU. Seriya Politematicheskaya [Internet Bulletin of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Series: Polythematic]. 2012, vol. 3 (23). Available at: http://www.vestnik.vgasu.ru.
  5. Buyantuev S.L., Damdinova D.R., Sul'timova V.D. Tekhnologiya polucheniya effektivnoy bazal'tovoy teploizolyatsii s pomoshch'yu nizkotemperaturnoy plazmy [Technology of Producing Effective Basalt Thermal Insulation by Means of Low-temperature Plasma]. Stroitel'nye materialy, oborudovanie, tekhnologii XXI veka [Construction Materials, Equipment, Technologies of the 21st Century]. 2006, no. 12, pp. 30—31.
  6. Hall C.A. Introduction to Special Issue on New Studies in EROI (Energy Return on Investment). Sustainability 2011, 3 (10), pp. 1773—1777. Available at: www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/3/10/1773.
  7. Inmen M. Istinnaya tsena iskopaemogo topliva [True Price of Fossil Fuel]. V mire nauki [The World of Science]. I.E. Satsevich, Translator. 2013, no. 6, pp. 68—71.

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Culture in ecology — a part of the noosphere theory, the ideological base in reconstruction

Vestnik MGSU 12/2013
  • Chernyshev Sergey Nikolaevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Geologo-Mineralogical Sciences, Professor, Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 123-130

Culture in ecology is a research area founded in Russia by Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev in 1979. Like any science, it has its target of research (World Culture), its purpose — the preservation of national cultures, its own generalization method related to the method of ecology. Culture in ecology is a scientific discipline. It is not a part of the environment, as it has a separate subject of study. It can be considered a part of the noosphere theory. Culture as a whole is vast human creation, which includes creative, handicraft and other skills related to agriculture, development of the planet's resources, education and training of children, the highest ideals of human being, engineering, arts, protecting the environment and cultural heritage.Culture is a means of managing material noospheric objects. Culture ecology studies the creativity, engineering, and economic interactions in the society and their impact on the human environment, because it is closely connected to ecology. Culture ecology should be developed in order to manage the biosphere or even the noosphere as rationally constructed megasystem consisting of natural and man-made objects. Noosphere as an ideal state of the environment does not exist in reality. It is far from predation and barbarism in terms of using natural resources. Today the principles of culture ecology are based on the development of projects of recreating historic landscapes, historic buildings and structures for the purposes of modern society. In the report the author focuses on two examples of such work: the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow and the Frauenkirche in Dresden. They are the examples of constructions corresponding to the requirements for ecological facilities and cultural experience. They should be considered the islands of noosphere in the modern imperfect world and science. The combination of old and new is a tricky thing. It is easy to destroy the balance between old guardian of the spirit, and new functioning elements of the statutes for the modern society needs. It is easy to upset the balance and thus give rise for objections from one side or another. The debates on inclusion old and new parts should be going in the process of rebuilding objects in new social environment.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.12.123-130

References
  1. Vernadskiy V.I. Neskol'ko slov o noosfere [A Few Words on the Noosphere]. Uspekhi biologii [Progress of Biology]. 1944, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 113—120.
  2. Potapov A.D., Ryabova S.S. Sovremennyy podkhod k kontseptsii noosfery i ee teoreticheskomu razvitiyu [A Modern Approach to the Concept of the Noosphere and Development of its Theory]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 6, pp. 139—148.
  3. Trofimov V.T., Korolev V.A. Geologicheskaya sreda kak noosfernaya kategoriya [Geological Environment as a Noospheric Category]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 11, pp. 188—193.
  4. Izbornik (Sbornik proizvedeniy literatury Drevney Rusi) [Collected Works of Ancient Russian Literature]. Content by Dmitrieva L.A., Likhacheva D.S. Moscow, Hudozhestvennaya Literatura Publ., 1969, pp. 326—327, 738—739.
  5. Chernyshev S.N. Istoricheskiy vzglyad na otechestvennuyu ekologicheskuyu kul'turu [A Historical Look at the Domestic Ecological Culture]. Velikoross Publ., 2013, no. 1 (7), pp. 15—31.
  6. Likhachev D.S. Ekologiya kul'tury [Cultural Ecology]. Moscow, 1979, no. 7, pp. 173—179.
  7. Chernyshev S.N. Ekologiya kul'tury i sovremennye zadachi sokhraneniya arkhitekturnykh kompleksov [Ecology of Culture and Modern Problems of Preservation of Architectural Complexes]. Prirodnye usloviya stroitel'stva i sokhraneniya khramov pravoslavnoy Rusi: trudy 4-go Mezhdunarodnogo nauchno-prakticheskogo. simpoziuma [Proceedings of the 4th International Scientific and Practical Symposium "Natural Conditions for the Construction and Preservation of the Orthodox Churches of Russia" ]. Sergiev Posad, 2012, pp. 406—413.
  8. Vedenin Yu.A. Formirovanie novogo kul'turno-ekologicheskogo podkhoda k sokhraneniyu naslediya [Formation of a New Cultural and Ecological Approach to the Heritage Conservation]. Ekologiya kul'tury: al'manakh [Almanac "Ecology of Culture"]. Russian Research Institute of Cultural Heritage named after D.S. Likhachev, Moscow, 2000, pp. 76—84.
  9. Volker Stoll, Carsten Leibenart. Geotechnische und Hydrogeologische Arbeiten fur den Wiederaufbau der Frauenkirche Dresden und deren Umfeld. Prirodnye usloviya stroitel'stva i sokhraneniya khramov pravoslavnoy Rusi: sbornik tezisov 5-go Mezhdunarodnogo nauchno-prakticheskogo simpoziuma [Collection of Abstracts of the 5th International Scientific and Practical Symposium "Natural Conditions for the Construction and Preservation of the Orthodox Churches of Russia"]. Nizhniy Novgorod, 2013, pp. 41—49.

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Russian energy infrastructure: present stateand prospects of development

Vestnik MGSU 12/2013
  • Shilova Lyubov’ Andreevna - Russian Energy Agency of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation Chief Specialist, Agency of Energy Security Analysis of the Department of Energy Security and Special Programs, Russian Energy Agency of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, 40/2 Shchepkina street, Moscow, 129110, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Zhukovskiy Oleg Evgen’evich - Russian Energy Agency of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation Candidate of Military Sciences, Professor, Russian Energy Agency of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, 40-1 Shchepkina st., 129110, Moscow; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 131-138

The authors analyzed energy infrastructure in Russia in 2012 and main directions of its development. They collected information about planning documents, which helped to develop the energy system and its capacity. They show the basic principles of construction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of the network infrastructure and the changes in the installed capacity.At the same time, the development of energy infrastructure in Russia is carried out with the aim of improving the Unified Energy System of Russia.The main objectives of the Unified Energy System of Russia in 2012 were to ensure safe operation, coordinated, planned construction and commissioning, decommissioning of network infrastructure and generation capacity.Construction, commissioning and decommissioning of network infrastructure and generation capacity were carried out based on the following principles:optimization of the structure of electric power facilities; advanced growth of network infrastructure compared to the development of generation, taking into account the principle of reasonable redundancy;synchronous development of large strategic power plants, including electrical networks and distributed generation;preservation of slight advance in the rate of development of coal generation as compared with the gas generation;«forced» modernization;transition from the separate production of electricity, heat and cold to their predominantly cogeneration and trigeneration;innovative development. Identifying promising technologies and creating demonstration facilities. Development of the domestic power.At the same time, the principle of "forced" modernization obviously showed that the former model of "energy superpower", which was created using raw Soviet legacy in terms of the price boom has exhausted itself. Therefore forced modernization is inevitable. The most obvious is the transition from separate production of electricity, heat and cold to their predominantly cogeneration and trigeneration

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.12.131-138

References
  1. Ivanter V.V. V.V., Ksenofontov M.Yu. Kontseptsiya konstruktivnogo prognoza rosta rossiyskoy ekonomiki v dolgosrochnoy perspektive [The Concept of Constructive Forecast of the Russian Economy Growth in the Long-term Perspective]. Problemy prognozirovaniya [Problems of Forecasting]. 2012, no. 6, pp. 4—13.
  2. Sinyak Yu.V., Nekrasov A.S., Voronina S.A., Semikashev V.V., Kolpakov A.Yu. Toplivno-energeticheskiy kompleks Rossii: vozmozhnosti i perspektivy [Fuel and Energy Complex of Russia: Opportunities and Prospects]. Problemy prognozirovaniya [Problems of Forecasting]. 2013, no. 1, pp. 4—21.
  3. Seletskis Ya.Yu. Gidroenergeticheskiy kompleks kak odin iz osnovnykh sostavlyayushchikh TEK Rossii [Hydropower Complex as One of the Main Components of the Fuel and Energy Complex Russia]. Aktual'nye problemy global'noy ekonomiki: Materialy VIII nauchnoy konferentsii molodykh uchenykh (25 maya 2006 g.) [Current Issues of the Global Economy: Proceedings of the VIIIth Scientific Conference of Young Scientists (May, 25, 2006)]. Moscow, RUDN Publ., 2006, pp. 239—242.
  4. Shkoller R.A. Energeticheskaya bezopasnost', energoeffektivnost' i razvitie otrasley TEK [Energy Security, Energy Efficiency and Development of the Fuel and Energy Complex]. Doklad RSPP o vzaimodeystvii biznesa i vlasti v 2008 godu [Report of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs on Cooperation of Business and Government in 2008]. Moscow, ART Lyudvig Publ., 2008, pp.17—19
  5. Shmarygo L.V. Osnovnye problemy formirovaniya klasterov v TEK Rossii [The Main Problems of the Cluster Formation in the Energy Industry of Russia]. Teoriya i praktika funktsionirovaniya finansovoy i denezhno-kreditnoy sistemy Rossii: Materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Theory and Practice of the Financial and Monetary System Functioning in Russia. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Voronezh, 2008, pp. 81—92.
  6. Official site of OAO «RusGidro». Available at: http://www.rushydro.ru. Date of access: 01.08.2013.
  7. Online community portal of Fuel and Energy Complex. Available at: http://www.energyland.info/news-show-tek-electro-107180. Date of access: 01.08.2013.
  8. Illarionov E.M. Praktika provedeniya energeticheskikh obsledovaniy [The Practice of Conducting Energy Inspections]. Energosvet Publ., 2013, no. 4 (29). Available at: http://www.energosovet.ru/bul_stat.php?idd=407.

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