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RESEARCH OF BUILDING MATERIALS

FEATURES OF HEAT TREATMENT OF HIGHLY POROUS LAYERED MATERIALS

Vestnik MGSU 5/2013
  • Zhukov Aleksey Dmitrievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Composite Materials Technology and Applied Chemistry, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Smirnova Tat’yana Viktorovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate student, Department of Technology of Finishing and Insulation Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
  • Chugunkov Aleksandr Viktorovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate student, Department of Technolo- gy of Finishing and Insulation Materials, Director, Department of Inspection of Buildings, Com- prehensive Research Laboratory of Geotechnical Engineering, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
  • Khimich Anastasiya Olegovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) student, Institute of Construction and Architecture, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.

Pages 97-102

Effectiveness of thermal insulation products is determined by a set of criteria that can be expressed in terms of energy costs: reduction of the cost of heating (the main criterion), energy consumption in the course of construction, energy consumption in the course of production of materials having pre-set properties, and service durability of the material.On the one hand, service durability (as a property) is generated in the course of material production, and on the other hand, it depends on the conditions that the material is exposed to in the course of any construction process. The same parameter affects energy-related criteria. Insulation replacement or unplanned repairs add supplementary energy costs.The manufacturing process of thermal insulation materials contemplates processing of a significant amount of non-renewable natural resources, namely, fuel combustion. Optimization of these costs is necessary and possible through appropriate organization of processes, including the process of heat treatment of products.Layered materials can improve the product performance and durability. Production and heat treatment of mineral fibers are the most energy-consuming steps of the mineral wool production. Optimization of these processes can involve significant economic effects.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.5.97-102

References
  1. Gagarin V.G. Teplozashchita i energeticheskaya effektivnost’ v proekte aktualizirovannoy redaktsii SNIP «Teplovaya zashchita zdaniy» [Thermal Protection and Energy Efficiency in Draft Revised Version of Construction Norms and Rules “Thermal Protection of Buildings”]. Energoeffektivnost’ XXI vek: III Mezhdunarodnyy kongress. [3d International Congress. Energy Efficiency 21st Century]. St.Petersburg, 2011, pp. 34—39.
  2. Khlevchuk V.R., Bessonov I.V. O raschetnykh teplofizicheskikh pokazatelyakh mineralovatnykh plit. Problemy stroitel’noy teplofiziki, sistem mikroklimata i energosberezheniya v zdaniyakh [Analytical Thermophysical Parameters of Mineral Wool Panels. Problems of Thermal Physics, Climate Systems and Energy Efficiency in Buildings]. Moscow, NIISF Publ., 1998, pp. 127—135.
  3. Zhukov A.D. Tekhnologiya teploizolyatsionnykh materialov [Technology of Thermal Insulation Materials]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2011, Part 1 — 395 p., Part 2 — 195 p.
  4. Bli?d?ius R., Samajauskas R. The Peculiarities of Determining Thermal Conductivity Coefficient of Low Density Fibrous Materials. Materials Science. MED?IAGOTYRA, 2001, 345 p.
  5. Lienhard J.H. IV, Lienhard J.H. V. A Heat Transfer Text Book. Cambridge, MA, Phlogiston Press, 2003, 749 p.
  6. Zhukov A.D. Smirnova T.V. Gidrodinamika potoka teplonositelya v mineralovatnom kovre [Hydrodynamics of Heat Transfer Agent Flow inside Mineral Wool Mats]. Nauka. Stroitel’stvo. Obrazovanie. [Science. Construction. Education.] 2012, no. 1. Available at: http://www.nso-journal.ru.
  7. Zhukov A.D., Chugunkov A.V., Gudkov P.K. Modelirovanie i optimizatsiya tekhnologii gazobetona [Modeling and Optimization of the Aeroconcrete Technology]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 4, pp. 155—159.
  8. Zhukov A.D., Smirnova T.V., Khimich A.O., Eremenko A.O., Kopylov N.A. Raschet parametrov teplovoy obrabotki mineralovatnykh izdeliy s primeneniem EVM [Computer-based Analysis of Thermal Treatment Parameters Applicable to Mineral Wool Products]. Stroitel`stvo: nauka i obrazovanie [Construction: Science and Education]. 2013, no. 1. Available at: http://www.nso-journal.ru.
  9. Kurochkin V.A., Zhukov D.V., Shelepov E.P. Modelirovanie promyshlennogo rezhima konvektivnoy sushki izdeliy v protsesse eksperimenta [Modeling of Industrial Mode of Convective Drying of Products in the Course of an Experiment]. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 1979, no. 1, pp. 27—32.
  10. Okorokov A.M., Zhukov D.V. Issledovanie i raschet protsessa teplovoy obrabotki mineralovatnogo kovra metodom produvki teplonositelya [Research into and Analysis of Mineral Wool Heat Treatment by Blowing the Heat Transfer Agent]. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 1982, no. 7, pp. 32—37.
  11. Petrov-Denisov V.G., Maslennikov L.A. Protsessy teplo- i vlagoobmena v promyshlennoy teploizolyatsii [Heat and Moisture Transfer in Industrial Insulation]. Moscow, Energoizdat Publ., 1983, 192 p.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF MAGNETIC FIELD INDUCTION INSIDE A MODULE OF A MAGNETIC SEPARATOR

Vestnik MGSU 5/2013
  • Sandulyak Anna Aleksandrovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Construction Materials; 7 (499) 183-32-29, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Ershov Dmitriy Viktorovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate student, Department of Construction Materials; +7 (499) 183-32-29, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
  • Oreshkin Dmitriy Vladimirovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chair, Department of Construction Materials; +7 (499) 183-32-29, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
  • Sandulyak Aleksandr Vasil’evich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor, Department of Construction Materials; +7 (499) 183-32-29., Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.

Pages 103-111

Characteristics of magnetic separators are analyzed in the article. Magnetic separators are used to treat various construction materials. Unfortunately, the nature of the magnetic field, generated in their operating zone, is generally not taken into account by their designers. Academic publications fail to provide any detailed basic characteristics of the field induction emitted by magnetic separators in the course of their operation.Magnetic systems of any magnetic separator have a modular structure; they consist of several modules. Single and opposite magnetic elements are usually integrated into one module within a system having permanent magnets. If opposite magnetic elements are used, magnetic field intensity inside the module increases.In this study, characteristics of magnetic induction for single magnetic elements inside various modules of magnetic separators were assessed in a laboratory experiment. Similar characteristics of magnetic induction for single and twin (opposite) magnetic elements were compared. In the module consisting of two opposed magnetic elements, the magnetic field becomes stronger compared to the field of a single magnetic element. Magnetic induction in the module recedes as the distance between magnetic elements increases, because of the isolation of the field generated by the opposed magnetic elements.The authors have proven the feasibility and expediency of employment of the superposition principle used to obtain the resulting characteristics. It may be employed to substitute modeling by calculations.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.5.103-111

References
  1. Sandulyak A.V., Sandulyak A.A., Ershov D.V., Sandulyak D.A., Ershova V.A. Magnitnaya separatsiya syr’ya dlya proizvodstva stekla i keramiki. Problemy kontrolya zhelezistykh primesey [Magnetic Separation of Raw Materials for Glass and Ceramics Production. Problems of Control over Ferrous Admixtures]. Steklo i keramika [Glass and Ceramics]. 2012, no. 6, pp. 29—34.
  2. Konev N.N., Salo I.P., Mel’nik N.F., Gordiychuk V.N. Magnitnoe doobogashchenie kvartsevogo peska na stekol’nykh zavodakh [Magnetic Re-preparation of Quartz Sand at Glass Works]. Steklo i keramika [Glass and Ceramics]. 2003, no. 5, pp. 33—34.
  3. Konev N.N., Salo I.P., Lezhnev Yu.P., El’skiy V.P. Magnitnoe obogashchenie kvartsevogo peska dlya stekol’noy promyshlennosti [Magnetic Concentration of Quartz Sand for Glass Industry]. Steklo I keramika [Glass and Ceramics]. 2001, no. 2, pp. 21—22.
  4. Kotunov S.V., Vlasko A.V. Opyt obogashcheniya nerudnykh materialov s pomoshch’yu separatorov na osnove redkozemel’nykh postoyannykh magnitov [Practical Concentration of Non-metallic Materials Using Separators Based on Rare-earth Permanent Magnets]. Steklo i keramika [Glass and Ceramics]. 2007, no. 5, pp. 22—23.
  5. Zolotykh E.B., Mamina I.A., Paryushkina O.V. Izvlechenie magnitnykh mineralov iz stekol’nykh peskov Ushinskogo mestorozhdeniya [Extraction of Magnetic Minerals from Glass Sands of Ushinskiy Deposit]. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2007, no. 5, pp. 22—24.
  6. Zemlyacheva E.A., Kotunov S.V., Vlasko A.V. Magnitnoe obogashchenie syr’evykh materialov — novye tekhnologii [New Technologies for Magnetic Concentration of Raw Materials]. Steklo i keramika [Glass and Ceramics]. 2006, no. 5, pp. 34—35.
  7. Konev N.N., Salo I.P. Magnitnye separatory na postoyannykh magnitakh dlya obogashcheniya stekol’nogo i keramicheskogo syr’ya i materialov [Using Permanent Magnet Separators to Concentrate Glass and Ceramic Raw Materials]. Steklo i keramika [Glass and Ceramics]. 2003, no. 2, pp. 30—31.
  8. Bychkov E.V., Filatov V.D., Knyazev S.N., Konev N.N., Salo I.P. Ispol’zovanie magnitnoy separatsii pri proizvodstve elektroplavlenykh ogneuporov [Using Magnetic Separation to Produce Electrocast Refractories]. Steklo i keramika [Glass and Ceramics]. 2000, no. 9, pp. 42—43.
  9. Rayner J.G., Napier-Munn T.J. A Mathematical Model of Concentrate Solids Content for Wet Drum Magnetic Separator. Int. J. Miner. Process. 2003, no. 70, pp. 53—65.
  10. Todd P., Cooper R.P., Doyle J.F. Multistage Magnetic Particle Separator. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2001, no. 225, pp. 294—300.
  11. Newns A., Pascoe R.D. Influence of Path Length and Slurry Velocity on the Removal of Iron from Kaolin Using a High Gradient Magnetic Separator. Minerals Engineering. 2002, no. 15, pp. 465—467.
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  13. Sandulyak A.V., Sandulyak A.A., Ershov D.V., Ershova V.A. O novykh printsipakh aktualizatsii reglamentov magnitokontrolya ferroprimesey syr’ya stroymaterialov (na primere kvartsevogo peska) [New Principles for Revision of Standards of Magnetic Control of Ferrous Admixtures of Raw Materials (exemplified by Quartz Sand)]. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel’stvo [Industrial and Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 2, pp. 68—72.
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  18. Johnson M., Spurlock M. Best Practices: Strategic Oil Analysis: Setting the Test Slate. Tribology and Lubrication Technology. 2009, no. 65(5), pp. 20—22, 24—27.
  19. Eliaz N., Latanision R.M. Preventative Maintenance and Failure Analysis of Aircraft Components. Corrosion Reviews. 2007, no. 25(1-2), pp. 107—144.
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  27. Sandulyak A.A., Polismakova M.V., Ershov D.V., Sandulyak A.V., Ershova V.A. Razlichnye podkhody k identifikatsii passivnykh zon v rabochem ob”eme magnitnogo separatora [Various Approaches to Identification of Passive Zones in the Work Space of a Magnetic Separator]. Zakonodatel’naya i prikladnaya metrologiya [Legislative and Applied Metrology]. 2010, no. 6, pp. 23—29.

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SYSTEM SIMULATION OF TECHNOLOGY OF MINERAL WOOL PRODUCTS

Vestnik MGSU 6/2013
  • Zhukov Alexey Dmitrievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) candidate of technical science, professor, Department of Finishing and Insulating Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Smirnova Tatyana Viktorovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU); ZAO “MineralnayaVata” postgraduate student, Department Finishing and In- sulating Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU); ZAO “MineralnayaVata”, 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Erjomenko Alexander Andreevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) student, The Institute of Economics, Management and Information Systems in Civil Engineering, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Kopylov Nikita Andreevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) student, The Institute of Economics, Management and Information Systems in Civil Engineering, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 92-99

Insulation is widely used in constructions of roofs, facades and fire protection. Using of dual-density allows to obtain not only a strong thermal insulation but also has a high operational stability. Product structutre is formed in the stage of mineral wool carpet and fixed during thermal processing. Manufacturing of dual-density products is based on the technological schemes of mineral wool production. Dual density slabs technology require the special complex located in the linear process flow after press unit and heat treatment camera. Units operate on lines Rockwool (in the cities of Zheleznodorozhniy, Vyborg and Elabuga) and are focused on making the roof and facade insulation with combination structure. Studying of factors influencing the production of dual density slabs process is based on a common methodology of technological analysis and methodology. Software system is developed to study processes. The complex provides individual activity of the experimenter and processing of the experimental results with the help of special computer programs developed at MSSU: “JE-STAT-15. Calculations and analysis of the factor space”, “JE-STAT-23.Construction of nonlinear models and solution interpolation and optimization problems”, “GJ-STAT-06.Processing and analytical optimization of the results of the experiment”. The experiment and processing of the results allowed to determine the degree of influence of each factor. Founded is that the greatest influence on the results have the following factors: density, binder content, fiber diameter, fiber length, degree of compaction two layers of carpet. It results in the nomogram for solving problems of interpretation and adaptation, optimization of process parameters.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.6.92-99

References
  1. Gagarin V.G., Kozlov V.V. Matematicheskaya model’ i inzhenernyy metod rascheta vlazhnostnogo sostoyaniya ograzhdayushchikh konstruktsiy [Mathematical model and engineering method for calculating humidity condition of constructions. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo [Academia. Architecture and engineering]. 2006, no 2, pp. 60—63.
  2. Gagarin V.G. Teplozashchita i energeticheskaya effektivnost’ v proekte aktualizirovannoy redaktsii SNIP «Teplovaya zashchita zdaniy» [Thermal protection and energy efficiency in update version of SNIP “Thermal protection of buildings”]. III Mezhdunarodnyy kongress. Energoeffektivnost’ XXI vek [III International Congress. Energy efficiency XXI century]. St.Petrburg, 2011, pp. 34—39.
  3. Bessonov I.V., Starostin A.V., Os’kina V.M. O formostabil’nosti voloknistogo uteplitelya [Dimensionally stable fiber insulation]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 3, pp. 134—139.
  4. Rumyantsev B.M., Zhukov A.D. Eksperiment i modelirovanie pri sozdanii novykh izolyatsionnykh i otdelochnykh materialov. Monografiya [Experiment and simulation in creation of new insulation and finishing materials]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2012, 155 p.
  5. Efimenko A.Z. Sistemy upravleniya predpriyatiyami stroitel’noy industrii i modeli optimizatsii [Enterprise management systems in building industry and optimization models]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2011, 304 p.
  6. Zhukov A.D., Smirnova T.V., Chugunkov A.V. Perenos tepla v vysokoporistykh materialakh [Heat transfer in high porous materials]. Internet-Vestnik VolgGASU, 2012, no. 3. Available at http://vestnik.vgasu.ru/?source=4.
  7. Zhukov A.D., Bobrova E.U., Smirnova T.V., Gudkov P.K. Povyshenie effektivnosti mineralovatnykh izdeliy [Increasing of mineral wool products efficiency]. Moscow, MGSU, 2012, 160 p.
  8. Zhukov A.D., Gudkov P.K., Chugunkov A.V., Smirnova T.V., Rudnitskaya V.A. GJ-STAT-06. Obrabotka i analiticheskaya optimizatsiya rezul’tatov eksperimenta. Svidetel’stvo o gosudarstvennoy registratsii programmy dlya EVM ¹ 2012618742 ot 26 sentyabrya 2012 [“GJ-STAT-06. Processing and analytical optimization of experiment results.” Certificate of state registration of the computer # 2012618742 on September 26, 2012].
  9. Voznesenskiy V.A. Statisticheskie metody planirovaniya eksperimenta v tekhniko-ekonomicheskikh issledovaniyakh [Statistical methods of experiment planning in technical and economic studies]. Moscow, Finansy i statistika Publ., 1981, 192 p.

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PECULIAR RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-STRENGTH LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETES HAVING HOLLOW MICROSPHERES

Vestnik MGSU 6/2013
  • Inozemtsev Aleksandr Sergeevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate student, Department of Technology of Binders and Concretes; test engineer, Research and Educational Centre for Nanotechnologies; +7 (499) 188-04-00, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Korolev Evgeniy Valer’evich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Advisor of RAACS, Director, Research and Educational Center “Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies”, Prorector, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 100-108

The most important characteristics of any concrete that determine its operational properties are the process conditions of its formation and rheological properties of the concrete mix. The authors present the findings of a study of rheological properties of a high-strength lightweight concrete having hollow microspheres. The authors demonstrate that the concrete mix containing hollow aluminosilicate microspheres have a high water demand; therefore, they need highly efficient super- and hyper-plasticizers. The nature of the influence produced by the brand and concentration of plasticizers on the mobility of the concrete mix, as well as on the density and strength of the concrete having hollow aluminosilicate microspheres is identified. Polycarboxylate plasticizers have an additional water content reduction effect. Their application has the highest plasticizing effect and assures moderate mobility of the concrete mix and density of the cement stone. The authors have also identified the regularities in the changes of physical and mechanical properties of high-strength lightweight concretes caused by the mobility of the concrete mix. The authors have proven the feasibility of production of high-strength lightweight concretes having the compressive strength equal to 70 MPa (10,000 psi). Multi-criteria optimization proves that Melflux plasticizers have the best performance based on the cone test (the diameter of the mix spread), and they also have a high density if added to the mixtures under research. Therefore, improvement of the quality of high-strength lightweight concretes and development of high-performance structural concretes having an average density of 1,300...1,500 kg/m
3 (10.8…12.5 lb/gal) require certain technological prerequisites.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.6.100-108

References
  1. Kalashnikov V.I. Cherez ratsional’nuyu reologiyu v budushchee betonov. Ch. 1: Vidy reologicheskikh matrits v betonnoy smesi i strategiya povysheniya prochnosti betona i ekonomii ego v konstruktsiyakh [Via Rational Rheology into the Future of Concretes. Part 1. Types of Rheological Matrixes in Concrete Mixes and Strategy for Improvement of the Concrete Strength and Lower Consumption of Concretes by Structures]. Tekhnologii betonov [Technologies of Concretes]. 2007, no. 5, pp. 8—10.
  2. Kalashnikov V.I. Cherez ratsional’nuyu reologiyu v budushchee betonov. Ch. 2: Tonkodispersnye reologicheskie matritsy i poroshkovye betony novogo pokoleniyakh [Via Rational Rheology into the Future of Concretes. Part 2. Fine-dispersed Rheological Matrixes and Powder Concretes of the New Generation]. Tekhnologii betonov [Technologies of Concretes]. 2007, no. 6, pp. 8—11.
  3. Kalashnikov V.I. Cherez ratsional’nuyu reologiyu v budushchee betonov. Ch. 3: Ot vysokoprochnykh i osobo vysokoprochnykh betonov budushchego k superplastifitsirovannym betonam obshchego naznacheniya nastoyashchego [Via Rational Rheology into the Future of Concretes. Part 3. From High-strength and Super-high-strength Concretes of the Future to Super-plasticized General Concretes of the Present]. Tekhnologii betonov [Technologies of Concretes]. 2008, no. 1, pp. 22—26.
  4. Kalashnikov V.I., Gulyaeva E.V., Valiev D.M. Vliyanie vida super- i giperplastifikatorov na reotekhnologicheskie svoystva tsementno-mineral’nykh suspenziy, poroshkovykh betonnykh smesey i prochnostnye svoystva betonov [Influence of the Type of Super- and Hyperplasticizers on Rheological Properties of Cement-mineral Suspensions, Powder Concrete Mixes and Strength Properties of Concretes]. Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy. Stroitel’stvo. [News of Higher Education Institutions. Construction.] 2011, no.12, pp. 40—45.
  5. Kirillov K.I., Oreshkin D.V., Lyapidevskaya O.B., Pervushin E.G. Reologicheskie svoystva tamponazhnykh rastvorov s polymi steklyannymi mikrosferami [Rheological Properties of Grouting Mortars Having Hollow Glass Microspheres]. Stroitel’stvo neftyanykh i gazovykh skvazhin na sushe i na more [Construction of Onshore and Offshore Oil and Gas Wells]. 2006, no.11, pp. 42—45.
  6. Pustovgar A.P., Bur’yanov A.F., Vasilik P.G. Osobennosti primeneniya giper-plastifikatorov v sukhikh stroitel’nykh smesyakh [Adding Hyper-plasticizers to Dry Construction Mixtures]. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010, no. 12, pp. 62—65.
  7. Bazhenov Yu.M. Vysokokachestvennye tonkozernistye betony [High-quality Fine-grain Concretes]. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2000, no. 2, pp. 24—25.
  8. Kiski S.S., Ageev I.V., Ponomarev A.N., Kozeev A.A., Yudovich M.E. Issledovanie vozmozhnosti modifikatsii karboksilatnykh plastifikatorov v sostave modifitsirovannykh melkozernistykh betonnykh smesey [Research into Options for Modifying Carboxylated Plasticizers as Part of Modified Fine-grain Concrete Mixes]. Inzhenerno-stroitel’nyy zhurnal [Journal of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 8, pp. 42—46.
  9. Bukharova S.V., Kulik S.G., Chalykh T.I., Shevchenko V.G. Napolniteli dlya polimernykh kompozitsionnykh materialov: Spravochnoe posobie [Fillers for Polymeric Compound Materials. Reference Book]. Moscow, Khimiya Publ., 1981, 736 p.
  10. Oreshkin D.V., Belyaev K.V., Semenov V.S. Polye steklyannye mikrosfery i prochnost’ tsementnogo kamnya stroitel’stva [Hollow Glass Microspheres and Strength of Cement Stone for Construction Purposes]. Stroitel’stvo neftyanykh i gazovykh skvazhin na sushe i na more [Construction of Onshore and Offshore Oil and Gas Wells]. 2010, no.11, pp. 45—47.
  11. McBride S. P., Shukla A., Bose A. Processing and Characterization of a Lightweight Concrete Using Cenospheres. Journal of Materials Science. 2002, vol. 37, pp. 4217—4225.
  12. Inozemtsev A.S., Korolev E.V. Prochnost’ nanomodifitsirovannykh vysoko-prochnykh legkikh betonov [Strength of Nano-modified High-strength Lightweight Concretes]. Nanotekhnologii v stroitel’stve [Nanotechnologies in Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 1, pp. 24—39.
  13. Barbare N., Shukla A., Bose A. Uptake and Loss of Water in a Cenosphere-concrete Composite Material. Cement and Concrete Research. 2003, vol. 33, pp. 1681—1686.
  14. Rebinder P.A. Novye materialy v tekhnike i nauke: Izbrannye trudy [New Materials in Science and Engineering]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1966, pp. 17—37.
  15. Korolev E.V., Bazhenov Yu.M., Al’bakasov A.I. Radiatsionno-zashchitnye i khimicheski stoykie sernye stroitel’nye materialy [Radiation Shielding and Chemically Stable Sulfur-based Construction Materials]. Penza, Orenburg, IPK OGU Publ., 2010, 364 p.
  16. Inozemtsev A.S., Korolev E.V. Ekonomicheskie predposylki primeneniya vysokoprochnykh legkikh betonov [Economic Prerequisites for Application of High-strength Lightweight Concretes]. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Povolzh’ya [Scientific and Technical News Bulletin of the Volga Region]. 2012, no. 5, pp. 198—205.

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IDENTIFICATIONOF ALKALI-SILICA REACTION OUTCOMES

Vestnik MGSU 6/2013
  • Korolev Evgeniy Valer’evich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Advisor of RAACS, Prorector, Director of the “Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies” Research and Educational Center, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Smirnov Vladimir Alekseevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate professor, leading research worker, Research and Educational Center “Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies”, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Zemlyakov Andrey Nikolaevich - Administration of Civil Airports (Airfields) (AGA(A)) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Vice-director on Technology, chief engineer, Administration of Civil Airports (Airfields) (AGA(A)), 28, 5 Voykovskiy proezd, 125171, Moscow, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 109-116

Portland cement-based concrete is widely used in civil engineering. Therefore, it is very important to determine the preconditions of corrosion of the cement concrete. The service life of concrete structures can be substantially reduced by the alkali-silica reaction. It is well known that this reaction causes formation of the sodium silicate hydrogel. Thus, by identifying this gel, a researcher can make an assumption about the reasons for the corrosion. Obviously, macroscopic quantities of sodium salts can be discerned using analytical chemistry methods. Unfortunately, determinant values of such salts in the concrete structure are usually very small. Thus, there is a need for special research methods.Raman spectroscopy is an advanced method based on the analysis of instantaneous two-photon non-elastic light scattering. This method is applicable even in case of small quantities of chemicals under research. The first successful study of silicates using Raman spectroscopy methods was performed in the 20ies of the 20th century. In this work the authors have proven that sodium hydrogels can be easily identified in the concrete using the Raman spectroscopy. In the course of the analysis of the interphase boundary between the cement stone and the aggregates, the authors observed, at least, one spectral peak which did not belong to cement or to the disperse phases of the concrete. At the same time, this peak can be classified as a peak of the sodium silicate. Thus, sodium silicate gel is generated during the service life of the structure under research, and this research has revealed the presence of the alkali-silica reaction.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.6.109-116

References
  1. Swamy R.N. Alkali-silica Reaction in Concrete. New York, Blackie and Son, 1992, 348 p.
  2. Lewis L., Edwards H. Handbook of Raman Spectroscopy. New York, Taylor & Francis, 2001, 1049 p.
  3. Shukshin V.E. Spektroskopiya kombinatsionnogo rasseyaniya sveta kak instrument izucheniya stroeniya i fazovykh perekhodov veshchestva v kondensirovannom sostoyanii [Raman Spectroscopy as a Tool for Research into the Structure and Phase Transition of the Condensed Matter]. Physics and Chemistry of New Materials. 2009. no. 1. Available at: http://phch.mrsu.ru/2009-1/pdf/1-Shukshin.pdf. Date of access: May 15, 2013.
  4. McMillan P. Structural Studies of Silicate Glasses and Melts — Applications and Limitations of Raman Spectroscopy. Amer. Mineralogist. 1984, vol. 69, pp. 622—644.
  5. Vuks M.F., Ioffe V.A. Byull. akad. nauk USSR, tekhn. nauki [Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Engineering Sciences]. 1938, vol. 61, no. 3.
  6. Wilmot G.B. The Raman Spectra and Structure of Silica and Soda-silica Glasses. Massachusetts, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1954.
  7. OPUS Spectroscopy Software. Manual. Ettlingen, Bruker Optik, 2006, 456 p.
  8. Kingma K, Hemley R. Raman Spectroscopic Study of Microcrystalline Silica. Amer. Mineralogist. 1994, vol. 79, pp. 269—273.

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INFLUENCE OF THERMAL TREATMENT ON MECHANICALPROPERTIES OF IRON-BASED CERAMIC-METAL COMPOSITES

Vestnik MGSU 6/2013
  • Lyudagovskii Andrei Vasil’evich - Moscow State University of Railway Transport (МIIT) Doctor of Technical Scienc- es, Professor, Department «Construction mechanics, machines and equipment»; (495) 799-95-63, Moscow State University of Railway Transport (МIIT), 125993, Moscow, Chasovaya ul., 22/2; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Kosmodianskii Andrei Sergeevich - Moscow State University of Railway Transport (МIIT) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of Department «Traction rolling stock», Moscow state university of railway transport (МIIT); (495) 799-95-38, Moscow State University of Railway Transport (МIIT), 125993, Moscow, Chasovaya ul., 22/2; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Polyakova Marina Aleksandrovna - Moscow State University of Railway Transport (МIIT) , Moscow State University of Railway Transport (МIIT), 125993, Moscow, Chasovaya ul., 22/2; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Krasnov Yurii Ivanovich - Moscow State University of Railway Transport (МIIT) , Moscow State University of Railway Transport (МIIT), 125993, Moscow, Chasovaya ul., 22/2; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 117-122

In this paper, the authors study the influence of the drawback temperature of metal-ceramics composites on their mechanical properties, if composites are produced using the iron-graphite powder method. The authors have studied the microstructure of the materials and the influence that the thermal treatment produces on their strength, plastic properties and toughness. The authors have also identified specific thermal treatment parameters aimed at the improvement of mechanical properties of parts of machines and mechanisms made of the above composites. The analysis of the authors’ findings is applied to find the ways of improving the mechanical properties of machine parts produced using powder metallurgy methods.The analysis of the microstructure confirms the presence of changes in the mechanical properties of materials, namely, their plastic properties and toughness. The combination of the most efficient sintering regime (using double pre-pressing) and subsequent thermal treatment in the form of hardening and tempering can improve the mechanical properties of machine parts. The authors performed experiments to identify the best sintering conditions and improve the mechanical properties of the Fe-C composition, including its tensile and flexural strength, as well as compressive and impact strength using the above process parameters and other data obtained from the reference literature. The authors have discovered that if the sintering speed and the shrinkage ratio are maximal and vary insignificantly at the temperature near the Ac3 value and slightly above it, the mechanical properties after sintering, for example, at 870 °C and 1100°C will differ slightly.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.6.117-122

References
  1. Harizanov O.A., Stefchev P.L., Iossifova A. Måtal-coated Alumina Powder for Metalloceramics. Materials Letters, 1998, vol. 33, pp. 297—299.
  2. Saiz E., Foppiano S., Moberly Chan W., Tomsia A.P. Synthesis and Processing of Ceramic-metal Composites by Reactive Metal Penetration. Composites Part A. Applied Science and Manufacturing. 1999, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 399—403.
  3. Rybnikov A.I., Tchizhik A.A., Ogurtsov A.P., Malashenko I.S., Yakovchuk K.Yu. The Structure and Properties of Metal and Metal-ceramic Coating Produced by Physical Vapour Deposition. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 1995, vol. 55, no. 3-4, pp. 234—241.
  4. Popp A., Engstler J., Schneider J.J. Porous Carbon Nanotube-reinforced Metals and Ceramics via a Double Templating Approach. Carbon, 2009, vol. 47, no. 14, pp. 3208—3214.
  5. Colombo P., Degischer H.P. Highly Porous Metals and Ceramics. Materials Science and Technology. 2010, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 1145—1158.
  6. Ovid’ko I.A., Sheinerman A.G. Grain Boundary Sliding and Nanocrack Generation near Crack Tips in Nanocrystalline Metals and Ceramics. Materials Physics and Mechanics. 2010, vol. 10, no. 1-2, pp. 37—46.
  7. Zhou X.B., De Hosson J.T.M. Reactive Wetting of Liquid Metals on Ceramic Substrates. Acta Materialia. 1996, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 421—426.
  8. Loktev A.A. Dinamicheskiy kontakt udarnika i uprugoy ortotropnoy plastinki pri nalichii rasprostranyayushchikhsya termouprugikh voln [Dynamic Contact of the Striker and the Elastic Orthotropic Plate with Account for Propagating Thermoelastic Waves]. Prikladnaya matematika i mekhanika [Applied Mathematics and Mechanics]. 2008, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 652—658.
  9. Singh R.K., Moudgil B.M., Behl S., Bhattacharya D. Method for Increasing the Surface Area of Ceramics, Metals and Components. Composites. Part A. Applied Science and Manufacturing. 1996, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 672.
  10. Nunogaki M., Inoue M., Yamamoto T. Ceramic Layers Formed on Metals by Reactive Plasma Processing. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2002, vol. 22, no. 14-15, pp. 2537—2541.
  11. Padmanabhan K.A., Gleiter H. Optimal Structural Superplasticity in Metals and Ceramics of Microcrystalline- and Nanocrystalline-grain Sizes. Materials Science and Engineering. A. 2004, vol. 381, no. 1-2, pp. 28—38.

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Rice straw recycling problems

Vestnik MGSU 7/2013
  • Gorbunov German Ivanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Technology of Finishing and Insulation Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Rasulov Olimdzhon Rakhmonberdievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate student, Department of Technology of Finishing and Insulation Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 106-113

The authors present a fairly extensive analysis of the state of the cereal crop industry in the Republic of Tajikistan and other regions of East and South-East Asia. Problems of generation of a huge amount of waste in the course of processing of cereals, in particular, rice straw processing by-products, are raised by the authors. The authors propose their original solution to the problems in question. Besides, traditional and original methods of application of rice straw in low-rise construction and production of building materials are presented in the article. The major part of the article covers traditional methods of disposal of rice straw as a raw material used in the production of cellulose, lignin biodegradable plastic, paper, cardboard, wicker products, thermal energy, etc. Another important issue, covered in the article, is the study of the straw/husk burning process, as well as the possibility of generating ash that contains various forms of silica. The fact that the ash content of the straw, according to various sources, varies within the range of16–20 %, and its silica content may be up to 89–91 % make it possible for the authors to state that straw and husk ash can be used as an active mineral additive in the production of effective building materials. It is noteworthy that the problems raised in the article are relevant, and their practical solutions are feasible.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.7.106-113

References
  1. Shchukin A.A. Eto ne skazka pro trekh porosyat [This Is Not a Fairytale about Three Little Pigs]. Ekspert [Expert]. 2012, no. 13(796). Available at: http://expert.ru/expert/2012/13/eto-ne-skazka-pro-treh-porosyat/ Date of access: 05.04.2013.
  2. Monsef Shokri R., Khripunov A.K., Baklagin Yu.C. Issledovanie komponentnogo sostava risovoy solomy IRI i svoystv poluchaemoy iz nee tsellyulozy [Research into the Composition of Rice Straw and Properties of the Cellulose Made of It]. Novye dostizheniya v khimii i khimicheskoy tekhnologii rastitel’nogo syr’ya : materialy III Vserossiyskoy konferentsii [New advances in chemistry and chemical engineering plant materials: Materials of III All-Russian Conference]. Barnaul, ASU Publ., 2007, pp. 53—55.
  3. Adylov D.K., Bekturdiev G.M., Yusupov F.M., Kim R.N. Tekhnologiya polucheniya modifitsirovannykh volokon iz otkhodov agropromyshlennogo kompleksa dlya ispol’zovaniya pri proizvodstve asbestotsementnykh izdeliy [Technology for Generation of Modified Fivers from Agricultural Waste Used in the Production of Asbestos-cement Products]. Materialy 8-y Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii «Sotrudnichestvo dlya problemy otkhodov» [Presentation Materials. 8th International Conference “Cooperation in Waste Problems”. Khar’kov, February 23—24, 2011. Available at: http://waste.ua/cooperation/2011/theses/adylov.html. Date of access: 20.04.2013.
  4. Vurasko A.V., Minakov A.R., Gulemina N.N., Driker B.N. Fiziko-khimicheskie svoystva tsellyulozy, poluchennoy okislitel’no-organosol’ventnym sposobom iz rastitel’nogo syr’ya [Physicochemical Properties of Cellulose Generated from Plant Raw Materials Using Organo-solv Oxidation]. Materials of an Internet Conference. Available at: http://ftacademy.ru/science/internet-conference/index.php?c=1&a=66. Date of access: 15.04.2013.
  5. Vinogradov V.V., Vinogradova E.P. Sposob podgotovki risovoy shelukhi dlya polucheniya vysokochistogo dioksida kremniya [Method of Preparation of Rice Husk for the Generation of High-Purity Silicon Dioxide]. Patent Number: 2191158. Patent Class: S01V33/12. Application Number 2001113525/12 filed on 22.05.2001; publication dated 20.10.2002., Krasnodar.
  6. Dobrzhanskiy V.G. Zemnukhova L.A., Sergienko V.I. Sposob polucheniya vodorastvorimykh silikatov iz zoly risovoy shelukhi [Method of Generation of Water-soluble Silicates from Rice Husk Ash]. RF Patent no. 2106304 (Application no. 96118801 of 23.09.96).
  7. Skryabin A.A., Sidorov A.M., Puzyrev E.M., Shchurenko V.P. Sposob polucheniya dioksida kremniya i teplovoy energii iz kremniysoderzhashchikh rastitel’nykh otkhodov [Method of Generation of Silicon dioxide and Thermal energy from Siliceous Plant Waste]. Barnaul, AltGTU Publ., 2007.
  8. Rumyantsev B.M., Dang Shi Lan. Penozolobeton s aktivnym kremnezemom [Aerated Ash Concrete Containing Active Silica]. Stroitel’nye materialy i tekhnologii XXI veka [Construction Materials and Technologies of the 21st Century]. 2006, no. 6, pp. 38—39.

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Diethyldichloro-, ethyltrichlorosilanes in reactionswith cement stone minerals

Vestnik MGSU 7/2013
  • Novosel’nov Anatoliy Aleksandrovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of General Chemistry, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Myasoedov Evgeniy Mikhaylovich - Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering (MAMI); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering (MAMI); Professor, Department of General Chemistry, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering (MAMI); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 38 Bol’shaya Semenovskaya str., Moscow, 107023, Russian Federation; 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Sidorov Vyacheslav Ivanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Professor, Department of General Chemistry, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 114-120

One of the uses of organosilicon compounds (OSCs) is associated with the production of hydrophobic coatings for building materials. Water-proofing properties of hydrophobic coatings extend the service life and improve the performance properties of building materials. Some of OSCs form hydrophobic polymer films on the surface of various building materials. High stability of these coatings is associated with the possible existence of chemical bonds between the polyorganosiloxane film and the hydrophilic surface of the material. Presently, there is no clear understanding of the mechanism of interaction between the mineral substrate and the film, although OSCs are widely used as part of water-proof building materials.Towards this end, the authors have identified the conditions that facilitate the formation of protective coatings on the surface of mineral substrates, if OSCs are applied to the surface of building materials. The authors have completed a research into the nature of interaction between the coatings and the mineral substrate to determine their physical and chemical properties. The silylation of calcium hydroxide by diethyldichloro-, ethyltrichlorosilanes was studied as the model process. The products of silylation were studied using methods of gas-liquid chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, electron mi- croscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis.The authors used the method of gas-liquid chromatography to discover that the periods of fast and slow conversion of silanes corresponded to the periods of domination of hydrolysis or hemosorbtion. The authors discovered that the hydrolysis products of diethyldichloro-, ethyltrichlorosilanes do not react with calcium hydroxide.The authors used the method of the thermal analysis to discover the physical and chemical properties of oligomers and polymers formed on the surface of the mineral substrate. Comparison of the findings of the thermal analysis of poliethylpolysiloxane in the mixture and in the block (312 °С) shows that there is practically no shift of the maximum exotherm. The following components of the hydrophobic effect of silylation where identified: formation of insoluble polyorganosiloxanes on the surface and inside the mineral stone accompanied by partial hemosorbtion, and physical adsorption of monomers, oligomers and polyorganosiloxanes - hydrolyzates on the mineral stone surface.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.7.114-120

References
  1. Fordham S. Silicones. George Newness Limited, London, 1960, p. 12.
  2. Noll W., Weissbach H. Zement-Kalk-Gips. Journal of American Chemical Society. 1966, vol. 9, p. 476.
  3. Pashchenko A.A., Voronkov M.G. Kremneorganicheskie zashchitnye pokrytiya [Organosilicon Protective Coatings]. Kiev, Tekhnika Publ., 1969, pp. 18—39.
  4. Sidorov V.I., Novosel’nov A.A., Myasoedov E.M. Issledovanie sililirovaniya gidroksida kal’tsiya metiltrikhlorsilanom [Study of Silylation of Calcium Hydroxide by Methyltrihlorosilane]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceeding of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. Moscow, 2010, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 133—139.
  5. Sidorov V.I., Novosel’nov A.A., Myasoedov E.M. Sililirovanie mineral’nykh sostavlyayushchikh stroitel’nykh materialov [Silylation of Mineral Components of Building Materials]. Fundamental’nye nauki v sovremennom stroitel’stve. Sbornik dokladov. [Fundamental Sciences in Contemporary Civil Engineering. Collected Reports]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2001, pp. 108—116.
  6. Kiseleva A.V. Eksperimental’nye metody v adsorbtsii i molekulyarnoy khromatografii [Experimental Methods in Adsorption and Molecular Chromatography]. MGU Publ., Moscow, 1973, p. 580.
  7. Makhachek Z. Khimicheskaya promyshlennost’ [Chemical Industry]. Moscow, 1981, p. 10.
  8. Gorshkov V. S., Timashev V. V., Savel’ev V. G. Metody fiziko-khimicheskogo analiza vyazhushchikh veshchestv [Methods of Physicochemical Analysis of Binding Materials]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola publ., 1981, p. 292.
  9. Bellami L. Infrakrasnye spektry slozhnykh molekul [Infrared Spectra of Complex Molecules]. Moscow, Nauka Publ, 1963, p. 592.
  10. Vesta V. Primenenie spektroskopii v khimii [Application of Spectroscopy in Chemistry]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1959, p. 659.

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Function of the demagnetization factor in respect of a quasi-solid filtermatrix of a magnetic separator

Vestnik MGSU 7/2013
  • Sandulyak Anna Aleksandrovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Construction Materials; 7 (499) 183-32-29, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 121-130

The author presents the prospects for the use of a magnetic separator, equipped with a filter matrix, in the treatment of ceramic suspensions and minerals. Particles of ferromagnetic impurities are captured by matrix pores, when purified media is transmitted through the magnetized filter matrix. The particle capture efficiency depends on the level of the filter matrix magnetization. The intensity of demagnetization influences the filter matrix magnetization intensity. Unfortunately, many researchers frequently ignore the demagnetization factor of a filter matrix as a specific (granulated) magnet.The effect of self-demagnetization is studied in terms of homogeneous (solid) magnets. The effect of self-demagnetization means that poles emerge on the borders of magnetized “short” magnets. Thus, a strong inner demagnetization field emerges. The main parameter of this physical characteristic of sample-magnets is the coefficient of demagnetization, which relates the intensity of the demagnetization field and the magnetization intensity of a sample body. The author considers the relevant issue of influence of the demagnetization intensity on the average values of the magnetic permeability of porous (quasi-solid) magnets, for example, a filter matrix. This dependence is relevant for the calculation of magnetic permeability values.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.7.121-130

References
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  8. Meylikhov E.Z., Farzetdinova R.M. Reshetki nesfericheskikh ferromagnitnykh granul s magnitodipol’nym vzaimodeystviem – teoriya i eksperimental’nye primery [Lettices of Non-spherical Ferromagnetic Granules Demonstrating Magnetodipole Interaction: Theory and Experimental Examples]. Zhurnal eksperimental’noy i teoreticheskoy fiziki [Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics]. 2002, vol. 122, no. 5(11), pp. 1027—1043.
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  14. Bakaev V.V., Snarskiy A.A., Shamonin M.V. Magnitnaya pronitsaemost’ i ostatochnaya namagnichennost’ dvukhfaznoy sluchayno neodnorodnoy sredy [Magnetic Permeability- and Residual Magnetism of Biphase Randomly Heterogeneous Media]. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki [Journal of Applied Physics]. 2002, vol. 72, no. 1, pp. 129—131.
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  16. Meylikhov E.Z. Termoaktivnaya provodimost’ i vol’t-ampernaya kharakteristika dielektricheskoy fazy granulirovannykh metallov [Heating Conductivity and Current-voltage Characteristics of the Dielectric Phase of Granulated Metals]. Zhurnal eksperimental’noy i teoreticheskoy fiziki [Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics]. 1999, vol. 115, no. 4, pp. 1484—1496.
  17. Lutsev L.V. Spinovye vozbuzhdeniya v granulirovannykh strukturakh s ferromagnitnymi nanochastitsami [Spine Impulses in Granulated Structures Having Ferromagnetic Nanosize Particles]. Fizika tverdogo tela [Solid State Physics]. 2002, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 97—105.
  18. J.-L. Mattei, M. Le Floc’h. Percolative Behaviour and Demagnetizing Effects in Disordered Heterostructures. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2003, no. 257, pp. 335—345.
  19. Gorkunov E.S., Zakharov V.A., Chulkina A.A. and Ul’yanov A.I. Internal Demagnetization Factor for Porous Ferromagnets in Remagnetization Process. Russian Journal of Non-destructive Testing. 2004, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 1—7.
  20. Sandulyak A.V., Sandulyak A.A., Ershova V.A. Pory-«trubki» granulirovannoy sredy [Pipe-shaped Pores of the Granulated Media]. Khimicheskaya promyshlennost’ segodnya [Chemical Industry Today]. 2006, no, 1, pp. 44—50.
  21. Mozhaev A.P. Khaoticheskie gomogennye poristye sredy [Chaotic Homogeneous Porous Media]. Inzhenerno-fizicheskiy zhurnal [Journal of Engineering Physics]. 2001, vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 196—200.
  22. Sandulyak A.V., Sandulyak A.A., Ershova V.A. Funktsional’naya popravka v klassicheskoe vyrazhenie dlya sredney skorosti potoka v granulirovannoy, plotno upakovannoy srede [Functional Adjustment to the Classical Formulation of the Average Flow Velocity in the Granulated Close-packed Media]. Teoreticheskie osnovy khimicheskoy tekhnologii [Theoretical Fundamentals of the Chemical Technology]. 2008, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 231—235.
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  24. Teplitskiy Yu.S. O teploobmene v trube, zapolnennoy zernistym sloem [On Heat Exchange In the Pipe Filled by the Granulated Layer]. Inzhenerno-fizicheskiy zhurnal [Journal of Engineering Physics]. 2004, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 86—92.
  25. Dik I.G., Purevzhav D., Kilimnik D.Yu. K teorii poristosti melkozernistykh sedimentov [To the Porosity Theory of Fine-grained Sediments]. Inzhenerno-fizicheskiy zhurnal [Journal of Engineering Physics]. 2004, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 77—85.
  26. Mozhaev A.P. Khaoticheskie gomogennye poristye sredy. Teploobmen v yacheyke. [Chaotic Homogeneous Porous Media. Heat Exchange in the Cell.] Inzhenerno-fizicheskiy zhurnal [Journal of Engineering Physics]. 2004, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 69—76.
  27. Teplitskiy Yu.S. O teploobmene infil’truemogo zernistogo sloya s poverkhnost’yu [About Heat Echange between the Filtered Granulated Layer and the Surface]. Inzhenernofizicheskiy zhurnal [Journal of Engineering Physics]. 2003, vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 151—155.
  28. Beloborodov V.V. Energeticheskie kharakteristiki massoperenosa v tverdykh poristykh telakh [Energy Characteristics of the Mass Transfer in Solid Porous Bodies]. Inzhenerno-fizicheskiy zhurnal [Journal of Engineering Physics]. 2000, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 283—287.
  29. Du-Xing Chen, Brug J.A., Goldfarb R.B. Demagnetizing Factors for Cylinders. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 1991, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 3601—3619.
  30. Rostami Kh.R. Effektivnyy razmagnichivayushchiy faktor kvazimonokristallicheskikh i granulirovannykh tonkikh diskov [Effective Demagnetizing Factor for Thin Quazi-monocrystalline and Granulated Disks]. Zhurnal eksperimental’noy i teoreticheskoy fiziki [Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics]. 2005, vol. 128, no. 4 (10), pp. 760—767.
  31. Sandulyak A.A., Ershova V.A., Ershov D.V., Sandulyak A.V. O svoystvakh «korotkikh» granulirovannykh magnetikov s neuporyadochennymi tsepochkami granul: pole mezhdu granulami [About the Properties of “Short” Granulated Magnets Having Irregular Chains of Granules: the Field between the Granules]. Fizika tverdogo tela [Solid State Physics]. 2010, vol. 52, no.10, pp. 1967—1974.
  32. Sandulyak A.V., Sandulyak A.A., Ershova V.A. Razmagnichivayushchiy faktor granulirovannogo magnetika (fil’truyushchey matritsy) kak zhguta kanalov namagnichivaniya [Demagnetizing Factor of the Granulated Magnet (Filtering Matrix) as the Bunch of Magnetizing Channels.] Izvestiya MGTU «MAMI» [News of Moscow State Technical University “MAMI”]. 2011, no. 1(11), pp. 210—216.

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FINE CONCRETE FOR HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING MODIFIEDBY A MULTI-COMPONENT ADDITIVE

Vestnik MGSU 8/2013
  • Aleksashin Sergey Vladimirovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate student, Department of Technology of Binders and Concretes, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe Shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Bulgakov Boris Igorevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of the Technology of Binders and Concretes, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe Shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 97-103

This article covers the design of an advanced multi-component additive and the study of its influence produced on the properties of fine-grained concrete. The authors also provide data on the earlier studies of the effect produced by domestic superplasticizers on the plasticity of fine-grained concrete mixtures and the curing behaviour of plasticized fine concretes. Russian-made superplasticizer Khimkom F1 was used to retain the plasticity of the fine concrete under consideration. Khimkom F1 produces a better effect on concrete curing than Polyplast SP-1, Cemactive SU-1, and Linomix SP 180-2. Superplasticizer Khimkom F1, as opposed to plasticizers based on lingo-sulfonate or naphthalene, for example S-3, has no bad odour; it is non-corrosive if applied to steel reinforcement inside concrete. The research has proved that the optimal amount of Khimkom F1 is 1.2% of the total amount of the binder.Metakaolin fume was used to improve the microstructure of the concrete, including its strength, waterand frost-resistance. Improvement of the above properties was proved in the course of the experiment. Its optimal content equals to 15% of the total amount of the binder. The study of the two domestically made water repellents (Sofexil40 and Sofexil 60-80) was conducted to identify and to compare their water and frost resistance. Experimental findings have proven that Sofexil 40 produces higher influence on the properties of the fine concrete, used for hydraulic engineering purposes, than Sofexil 60-80. The optimal content of the water repellent is 0.2% of the binder content. Sofexil 40 must be dissolved in the water in advance. Finally, the authors provide their experimental findings in terms of the optimal composition of the fine hydraulic concrete having pre-set properties.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.8.97-103

References
  1. Aleksashin S.V., Bulgakov B.I. Poluchenie melkozernistykh betonov s vysokimi ekspluatatsionnymi pokazatelyami [Production of Fine-grained High Performance Concrete]. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Instituta stroitel'stva i arkhitektury [Collection of Research Papers of the Institute of Construction and Architecture]. Moscow, KYuG Publ., 2012, pp. 12—13.
  2. Lukuttsova N.P., Pykin A.A., Chudakova O.A. Modifitsirovanie melkozernistogo betona mikro- i nanorazmernymi chastitsami shungita i dioksida titana [Modification of Fine-grained Concrete by Micro Particles of Schungite and Titanium Dioxide]. Vestnik BGTU im. V.G. Shukhova [News Bulletin of Belgorod Shukhov State Technical University]. 2010, no. 2, pp. 67—70
  3. Falikman V.R. New High Performance Polycarboxilate Superplasticizers Based on Derivative Copolymers of Maleinic Acid. 6th International Congress “GLOBAL CONSTRUCTION” Advances in Admixture Technology. Dundee, 2005, pp. 41—46.
  4. Lukuttsova N.P. Nanomodifitsiruyushchie dobavki v beton [Nano-modifying Additives for Concrete]. Stroitel'nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010, no. 9, pp. 101—104.
  5. Bazhenov Yu.M., Lukuttsova N.P., Matveeva E.G. Issledovanie nanomodifitsirovannogo melkozernistogo betona [Research into Nano-modified Fine Concrete]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2010, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 415—418.
  6. Shah S.P., Ahmad S.H. High Performance Concrete: Properties and Applications. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994, 403 p.
  7. Ramachandran V.S. Dobavki v beton: spravochnoe posobie [Additives for Concrete: Reference Book]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1988, 291 p.
  8. Commission 42-CEA. Properties Set Concrete at Early Ages. State-of-the-art-report. Materiaux et Constructions. 1981, vol. 14, no. 4, p. 15.
  9. Fennis S.A.A.M., Walraven J.C. Design of Ecological Concrete by Particle Packing Optimization. Delft, Delft University of Technology, 2010, pp. 115—144.
  10. Batrakov V.G. Modifitsirovannye betony. Teoriya i praktika [Modified Concretes. Theory and Practice.] Moscow, Tehnoproekt Publ., 1998, 560 p.

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Properties of lightweight products made of extruded mixtures, if exposed to deformationand fracture

Vestnik MGSU 9/2013
  • Kaptsov Petr Vladimirovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Director of Laboratory, postgraduate student, Department of Construction Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 56-61

This article covers the study of the properties of lightweight solutions and products made of extruded cement mixtures having hollow glass microspheres. The author presents data on the average density, strength, water vapour permeability, thermal conductivity, per-unit energy consumption, and crack resistance in the course of deformation and complete destruction. The author presents the findings of the studies of the microstructure of hollow glass microspheres; the conclusion is that if the extruded cement mixture has effective and active hollow glass microspheres, the water flow will be less intensive, while compressive strength, bending strength, fracture toughness go up. Analysis of the data shows that the fracture toughness of the material, having hollow glass microspheres and made of the extruded mixture, is higher. This material has a 30...40% higher fracture strength, bending strength and compressive strength, than a regular lightweight composition mixed with HGMS. This article is the fourth one in aseries of articles that discuss methods of extrusion of lightweight cement mixtures.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.9.56-61

References
  1. Oreshkin D.V., Kaptsov P.V. Nauchno-tekhnicheskie predposylki polucheniya ekstrudirovannykh oblegchennykh tsementnykh system [Scientific and Technical Preconditions for Extruded Lightweight Cement Systems]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 3, pp. 11—19.
  2. Oreshkin D.V,, Semenov V.S., Kaptsov P.V. Ekstrudirovannye oblegchennye kladochnye rastvory [Extruded Lightweight Masonry Mortars]. Vestnik Tomskogo GASU [News Bulletin of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 3, pp. 159—163.
  3. Oreshkin D.V. Oblegchennye i sverkhlegkie tsementnye rastvory dlya stroitel'stva [Lightweight and Superlight Cement Mortars for Construction Purposes]. Stroitel'nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010, no. 6, pp. 34—37.
  4. Oreshkin D.V., Belyaev K.V., Semenov V.S. Teplofizicheskie svoystva, poristost' i paropronitsaemost' oblegchennykh tsementnykh rastvorov [Thermal-physical Properties, Porosity and Vapour Permeability of Lightweight Cement Mortars]. Stroitel'nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010, no.8, pp. 51—55.
  5. Sakharov G.P., Chan Min Dyk. Povyshenie svoystv melkozernistogo betona ekstrudirovaniem iskhodnykh smesey [Improvement of Properties of Fine-grain Concrete Using Method of Extrusion of Initial Mixtures]. Beton i zhelezobeton [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete]. 2009, no. 1, pp. 6—8.
  6. Oreshkin D.V. Problemy stroitel'nogo materialovedeniya i proizvodstva stroitel'nykh materialov [Problems of the Construction Material Science and Production of Construction Materials]. Stroitel'nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2010, no. 11, pp. 6—8.
  7. Eberhardsteiner J., Zhdanok S., Khroustalev B., Batsianouski E., Samtsou P., Leonovich S. Characterization of the Influence of Nanomaterials on the Mechanical Behavior of Cement Stone. Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics. July 2011, vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 8—10.
  8. Belyaev K.V., Oreshkin D.V., Bliznyukov V.Yu., Pervushin G.N. Metody opredeleniya i povysheniya treshchinostoykosti oblegchennykh tamponazhnykh materialov [Methods of Identification and Improvement of Fracture Strength of Lightweight Backfill Materials]. Neftyanoe khozyaystvo [Oil Economy]. 2003, no. 6, pp. 42—46.
  9. Oreshkin D.V., Pervushin G.N. Parametry deformirovaniya i razrusheniya tamponazhnogo kamnya s mikrosferami posle pulevoy perforatsii [Parameters of Deformation and Destruction of Backfill Stone Having Microspheres Following Bullet Perforation]. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov [News Bulletin of Civil Engineers]. 2009, no. 4, pp. 164—166.

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Analytical description of the coefficient of demagnetization for chains of cores of granulesin the filter matrix of a magnetic separator

Vestnik MGSU 9/2013
  • Sandulyak Anna Aleksandrovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Department of Construction Materials; 7 (499) 183-32-29, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 62-69

Particle capturing efficiency inside the filter matrix of a magnetic separator used in the treatment of ceramic suspensions, minerals, condensates, other liquids and gas depends immediately on the intensity of its magnetization capacity. Chains of granules of a filter matrix represent effective magnetization channels. Demagnetization intensity influences the magnetization intensity of the whole filter matrix and its separate chains that are also considered as magnetization channels. The pattern of calculation of demagnetization factor N (coefficient of demagnetization) for such channel magnets is of utmost academic interest, and this pattern is provided in this article. The author provides values for demagnetization factor N for quasi solid cores ofchains of granules having with various lengths L and diameters d (metal concentra-tion 0.78—0.99), if magnetized by the field having the intensity of Н =18–175 kА/m. It isproven that the values of N and √ L / d have an exponential relation.Earlier, the author identified that the values of N for the porous media having a cylindrical form depend on the ratio of the length of magnet L to its diameter D . It is proven that the values of N and those of √ L / D also have an exponential relation. Therefore, this reciprocal conformity of relations in respect of the demagnetization factor for samples of the granulated medium (consisting of chains of magnets-channels) and for cores of magnets-channels (having different porosity values) has confirmed the similarity of the demagnetization factor for magnets having substantial and high concentration of the ferromagnetic material. The analytical description (the formula) of the coefficient of demagnetization of channel cores is provided in the article.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.9.62-69

References
  1. Sandulyak A.V. Model' namagnichivaniya poristoy sredy [Model of Magnetization of the Porous Medium]. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki [Journal of Applied Physics]. 1982, vol. 52, no. 11, pp. 2267—2269.
  2. Sandulyak A.V., Sandulyak A.A., Ershova V.A. Krivaya namagnichivaniya granulirovannoy sredy s pozitsiy modeli pokanal'nogo namagnichivaniya (novyy podkhod) [Granulated Media Magnetization Curve Simulated Using the Channel-by-channel Magnetization Model (a New Approach)]. Doklady Akademii nauk [Reports of the Academy of Sciences]. 2007, vol. 413, no. 4, pp. 469—471.
  3. Sandulyak A.V., Sandulyak A.A., Ershova V.A. K voprosu o modeli pokanal'nogo namagnichivaniya granulirovannoy sredy (s radial'nym profilem pronitsaemosti kvazisploshnogo kanala) [On the Issue of the Model of Channel-by-channel Magnetization of the Granulated Media (Having a Radial Profile of Permeability of the Quasi-continuous Channel)]. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki [Journal of Applied Physics]. 2009, vol. 79, no. 5, pp. 140—143.
  4. Sandulyak A.A., Ershova V.A., Ershov D.V., Sandulyak A.V. O svoystvakh «korotkikh» granulirovannykh magnetikov s neuporyadochennymi tsepochkami granul: pole mezhdu granulami [On the Properties of “Short” Granulated Magnets Having Irregular Chains of Granules: Field between Granules]. Fizika tverdogo tela [Physics of Solids]. 2010, vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 1967—1974.
  5. Meylikhov E.Z., Farzetdinova R.M. Obobshchennaya teoriya srednego polya dlya reshetochnykh magnitnykh sistem i ferromagnetizm poluprovodnikov s magnitnymi primesyami [Generalized Theory of the Mean Field for Latticed Magnetic Systems of Ferromagnetism of Semiconductors Having Magnetic Admixtures]. Fizika tverdogo tela [Physics of Solids]. 2005, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 1085—1091.
  6. Komogortsev S.V., Iskhakov R.S. Krivaya namagnichivaniya i magnitnye korreyatsii v nanotsepochke ferromagnitnykh zeren so sluchaynoy anizotropiey [Magnetization Curve and Magnetic Correlations in the Nano-scale Chain of Ferromagnetic Grains Having Random Anisotropy]. Fizika tverdogo tela [Physics of Solids]. 2005, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 480—486.
  7. Andreenko A.S., Berezovets V.A., Granovskiy A.B. Inversnoe magnitosoprotivlenie v magnitnykh granulirovannykh kompozitakh (FeCoB)-(Al2O3) [Inverse Resistance to Magnetization inside Magnetic Granulated Composites (FeCoB)-(Al2O3)]. Fizika tverdogo tela [Physics of Solids]. 2003, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1446—1449.
  8. Zubarev A.Yu. Reologicheskie svoystva polidispersnykh magnitnykh zhidkostey. Vliyanie tsepochechnykh agregatov. [Rheological Properties of Polydisperse Magnetic Liquids. Influence of Chain Aggregates]. Zhurnal eksperimental'noy i teoreticheskoy fiziki [Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics]. 2001, vol. 120, no. 1(7), pp. 94—103.
  9. Granovskiy A.B., Bykov I.V., Gan'shina E.A. Magnitorefraktivnyy effekt v magnitnykh nanokompozitakh [Magnetorefractive Effect in Magnetic Nano-scale Composites]. Zhurnal eksperimental'noy i teoreticheskoy fiziki [Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics]. 2003, vol. 123, no. 6, pp. 1256—1265.
  10. Kashevskiy B.E., Prokhorov I.V. Magnitoforeticheskiy potentsial tsepochki ferromagnitnykh sharov v odnorodnom pole [Magnitophoresis Potential of a Chain of Ferromagnetic Balls in the Homogeneous Field]. Inzhenerno-fizicheskiy zhurnal [Journal of Engineering and Physics]. 2003, vol. 76, no. 4, pp. 30—35.
  11. Meylikhov E.Z., Farzetdinova R.M. Osnovnoe sostoyanie reshetok ferromagnitnykh granul s magnitodipol'nym vzaimodeystviem [Principal State of Lattices of Ferromagnetic Granules Exposed to Magnetic Dipolar Interaction]. Zhurnal eksperimental'noy i teoreticheskoy fiziki [Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics]. 2002, vol. 121, no. 4, pp. 875—883.
  12. Zubarev A.Yu., Iskakova L.Yu. K teorii fizicheskikh svoystv magnitnykh zhidkostey s tsepochechnymi agregatami [On the Theory of Physical Properties of Magnetic Liquids Having Chain Aggregates]. Zhurnal eksperimental'noy i teoreticheskoy fiziki [Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics]. 1995, vol. 107, no. 5, pp. 1534—1551.
  13. Yurishchev M.A. Magnitnaya vospriimchivost' kvaziodnomernykh superantiferromagnetikov Izinga. Approksimatsii tsepochechnymi klasterami. [Magnetic Susceptibility of Ising Quazi-one-dimensional Super Ferrous Magnets. Approximations by Chain Clusters]. Zhurnal eksperimental'noy i teoreticheskoy fiziki [Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics]. 2005, vol. 128, no. 6 (12), pp. 1227—1242.
  14. Sandulyak A.V., Sandulyak A.A., Ershova V.A. Razmagnichivayushchiy faktor granulirovannogo magnetika (fil'truyushchey matritsy) kak zhguta kanalov namagnichivaniya [Demagnetization Factor of the Granulated Magnet (Filter Matrix) as the Strap of Magnetization Channels]. Izvestiya MGTU «MAMI» [News of Moscow State Technical University “MAMI”]. 2011, no. 1(11), pp. 210—216.
  15. Mattei J.-L., Le Floc'h M. Percolative Behaviour and Demagnetizing Effects in Disordered Heterostructures. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2003, no. 257, pp. 335—345.
  16. Gorkunov E.S., Zakharov V.A., Chulkina A.A., and Ul’yanov A.I. Internal Demagnetization Factor for Porous Ferromagnets in Remagnetization Process. Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing. 2004, vol. 40, no.1, pp. 1—7.
  17. Kifer I.I. Ispytaniya ferromagnitnykh materialov [Testing of Ferromagnetic Materials]. Moscow, Energiya Publ., 1969, 360 p.
  18. Chen D.-X., Pardo E., Sanchez A. Fluxmetric and Magnetometric Demagnetizing Factors for Cylinders. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2006, no. 306, pp. 135—146.

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Monolithic construction in the Republic of Bashkortostan: from theory to practice

Vestnik MGSU 10/2013
  • Bedov Anatoliy Ivanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Structures, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Babkov Vadim Vasil’evich - Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (UGNTU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Building Structures, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (UGNTU), Office 225, 195 Mendeleeva St., Ufa, 450062, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Gabitov Azat Ismagilovich - Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (USPTU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Building Structures, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (USPTU), 195 Mendeleeva str., Ufa, 450062, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Sakhibgareev Rinat Rashidovich - Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (UGNTU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Building Structures, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (UGNTU), Office 225, 195 Mendeleeva St., Ufa, 450062, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Salov Aleksandr Sergeevich - Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (USPTU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Highways and Technology of Construction Production, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University (USPTU), 195 Mendeleeva str., Ufa, 450062, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 110-121

In the article the dependences of concrete compression strength from fluidity of concrete and water cementitious ratio for non-modified and modified concrete with superplasticizing and organo-mineral admixtures are cited and analyzed. The problems of application efficiency assessment of concrete and reinforcing steel of high classes of strength in reinforced concrete elements are examined. Calculating algorithms are presented with the use of an economic-mathematical method, which allow to improve calculation and designing of a monolithic reinforced concrete framework. Results of the researches are applied in the process of designing some objects in Ufa. The article presents design solutions using concrete and reinforcing steel of higher strength classes.The co-authors present the generalizing approach to the solution of the problems of optimized application of high-strength concrete and efficient armature classes in bendable ferroconcrete elements. The decision is made by the criteria of reducing reinforced concrete and concrete consumption.The methods of analysis offered and developed by the authors are widely used in the Republic of Bashkortostan and allow to reveal effective fields of application of the effective classes of concrete and reinforcement steel in reinforced concrete elements with evaluating expediency at the design stage and in order to estimate their efficiency. That is especially important in the process of choosing modified concrete and modern steel for building frame and monolithic structures.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.10.110-121

References
  1. Braun V. Raskhod armatury v zhelezobetonnykh elementakh [Consumption Rate of Reinforcing Steel in Reinforced Concrete Elements]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1993, 144 p.
  2. Shah S.P., Ahmad S.H. High Performance Concrete: Properties and Applications. McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1994, 403 p.
  3. Balageas D., Fritzen C.P., Guemes A. Structural Health Monitoring. ISTE Ltd, London, 2006, 496 p.
  4. Posobie po proektirovaniyu betonnykh i zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy iz tyazhelogo betona bez predvaritel’nogo napryazheniya armatury (k SP 52-101—2003) [Handbook of Design of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures Made of Heavy Concrete without Prestressing of the Reinforcement (based on Construction Rules 52-101—2003)]. TsNIIPromzdaniy [Central Scientific and Research Institute of Industrial Buildings]. Moscow, 2005, 214 p.
  5. Kaprielov S.S., Travush V.I., Karpenko N.I., Sheynfel'd A.V. and others. Modifitsirovannye betony novogo pokoleniya v sooruzheniyakh MMDTs «Moskva-Siti». Chast' I [New Generation of Modified Concrete in the Buildings of "Moscow-City". Part 1]. Stroitel'nye materialy [Building materials]. 2006, no. 10, pp. 13—17.
  6. Beddar M. Fiber Reinforced Concrete: Past, Present and Future. Scientific works of the 2nd International Conference on Concrete and Reinforced Concrete. 2005, vol. 3. pp. 228—234.
  7. Salov A.S., Babkov V.V., Sakhibgareev R.R. Raschet effektivnogo raskhoda armaturnoy stali dlya variantnogo secheniya izgibaemogo zhelezobetonnogo elementa: Svidetel’stvo o gosudarstvennoy registratsii programmy dlya EVM ¹ 2010610325 [Calculation of Efficient Consumption of Reinforcing Steel for Varying Sections of a Bendable Reinforced Concrete Element: Certificate of State Registration of Software Program no. 2010610325]. Right holder: Ufa State Petroleum Technological University. Patent application filed: 17.11.2009; Patent registered: 11.01.2010.
  8. Bedov A.I., Babkov V.V., Gabitov A.I., Salov A.S. Ispol'zovanie betonov i armatury povyshennoy prochnosti v proektirovanii sbornykh i monolitnykh zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy [Use of Heavy Duty Concretes and Reinforcement in Design of Prefabricated and Monolithic Reinforced Concrete Structures]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 8, pp. 76—84.
  9. Ovchinnikov I.I., Migunov V.N. Dolgovechnost' zhelezobetonnoy balki v usloviyakh khloridnoy agressii [Durability of a Reinforced Concrete Beam under Conditions of Chloride Aggression]. Stroitel'nye materialy [Building materials]. 2012, no. 9, pp. 61—67.
  10. Eksperimental'nye issledovaniya prostranstvennoy raboty stalezhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy [Experimental Research of Three-dimensional Performance of Composite Steel and Concrete Structures]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 12, pp. 53—60.
  11. Ses'kin I.E., Baranov A.S. Vliyanie superplastifikatora S-3 na formirovanie prochnosti pressovannogo betona [Influence of Superplasticizer C-3 on the Formation of the Pressed Concrete Strength]. Stroitel'nye materialy [Building materials]. 2013, no. 1, pp. 32—33.
  12. Bazhenov Yu.M., Lukuttsova N.P., Karpikov E.G. Melkozernistyy beton, modifitsirovannyy kompleksnoy mikrodispersnoy dobavkoy [Fine-grained Concrete Modified by Integrated Mikro-dispersive Additive]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 2, pp. 94—100.
  13. Andreev V.I., Barmenkova E.V. Raschet dvukhsloynoy plity na uprugom osnovanii s uchetom sobstvennogo vesa [Calculation of a Two-layer Slab Bending on an Elastic Basis with Consideration of Dead Weight]. Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2010, vol. 6, no. 1—2, pp. 33—38.
  14. Panibratov Yu.P., Seko E.V., Balberov A.A. Ekonomicheskaya otsenka rezul'tatov energosberegayushchikh meropriyatiy v stroitel'stve [Economic Evaluation of Energy Saving Measures in Construction]. Academia. Arkhitektura i stroitel'stvo [Architecture and Construction]. 2012, no. 2, pp. 123—127.

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Energy saving technology of ceramic tiles

Vestnik MGSU 10/2013
  • Zhukov Aleksey Dmitrievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Composite Materials Technology and Applied Chemistry, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Gorbunov German Ivanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Technology of Finishing and Insulation Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Belash Natalya Aleksandrovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Postgraduate student, Department of Technology of Finishing and Insulation Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 122-130

Ceramic technology is based on three requirements: maintaining the product properties on the required level, reduction of energy costs, optimization of raw materials consumption and technological parameters. It is possible to obtain a product with improved operating abilities, at the same time optimizing the energy consumption, with the use of modern methods of thermal treatment, which include a combination of burning mechanisms in one technological conversion.The service durability of products is determined by the simultaneous influence of the factors, which are characterized by the properties of raw materials, the conditions of molding powder preparation, molding and thermal treatment. The usage of innovational technological methods allow to reduce the duration of the main energy consuming operations — the process of powder preparation can be reduced from 8—12 hours (traditional technology) up to 2—3 minutes, and the process of drying and burning from 2—3 days to 1—1.5 hours. The quality of ready products remains high.Ceramic tiles are primarily used as finishing material in the construction of residential, public and industrial buildings. Modern technologies of ceramic tiles provide not only crock glazing, but also applying other materials on it. This can extend the range of ceramic tiles application.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.10.122-130

References
  1. Gorbunov G.I. Otsenka prigodnosti otkhodov obrabotki prirodnogo kamnya i stekloboya dlya polucheniya granitokeramiki [Acceptability Evaluation of the Natural Stone and Glass Processing Waste for Granite Ceramic Production]. Nauchno-prakticheskiy Internet-zhurnal «Nauka. Stroitel'stvo. Obrazovanie» [Scientific-Practical Online Magazine "Science. Construction. Education"]. 2011, no.1, article 12. Available at: http://www.nso-journal.ru.
  2. Òessier L. Rossiyskim proizvoditelyam keramiki — unikal'nye resheniya kompanii IMERYS CERAMICS po primeneniyu mineral'nogo syr'ya [To the Russian Producers of Ceramics: the Unique Solutions of the Imerys Ceramics Company on Application of Mineral Raw Materials]. Steklo i keramika [Glass and Ceramics]. 2012, no. 3, pp. 43—48.
  3. Ashmarin G.D., Salakhov A.M., Boltakova N.V., Morozov V.P., Gerashchenko V.N., Salakhova R.A. Vliyanie porovogo prostranstva na prochnostnye kharakteristiki keramiki [The Influence of Pore Space on the Strength Behaviour of Ceramics]. Steklo i keramika [Glass and Ceramics]. 2012, no. 8, pp. 24—30.
  4. Poznyak A.I., Levitskiy I.A., Barantseva S.E. Bazal'tovye i granitoidnye porody kak komponenty keramicheskikh mass dlya plitok vnutrenney oblitsovki sten [Basalts and Granitoid Solids as Mass Ceramic Components for Internal Lining Tiles]. Steklo i keramika [Glass and Ceramics]. 2012, no. 3, pp. 36—42.
  5. Moore F. Rheology of Ceramic systems. Institute of Ceramics: Textbook Series, Applied Science Publishers, 1965, 170 p.
  6. Rumyantsev B.M., Zhukov A.D. Printsipy sozdaniya novykh stroitel'nykh materialov [The Principles of New Building Materials Production]. Internet-vestnik VolgGASU [Online Magazine of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering]. Politematical Series, 2012, no. 3(23). Available at: http://www.vestnik.vgasu.ru/
  7. Grigorieva T.F. Mechanochemical interaction of the kaolinite with the solid state acids. 12th International Symposium on the Reactivity of Solids. Hamburg, Germany, 132 p.
  8. Zhukova E.A., Chugunkov A.V., Rudnitskaya V.A. Sistemy fasadnoy otdelki [Fasade Decoration Systems]. Nauchno-prakticheskiy Internet-zhurnal «Nauka. Stroitel'stvo. Obrazovanie» [Scientific-Practical Online Magazine "Science. Construction. Education"]. 2011, no.1, article no. 15. Available at: http://www.nso-journal.ru.
  9. Pedersen Ò. Experience with Selee open pore foam structure as a filter in aluminium continuous rod casting and rolling. Wire Journal. 1979, vol. 12, no. 6. pp. 74—77.
  10. Worall W.E. Clays and Ceramic Raw Materials. University of Leeds, Great Britan,1978, 277 p.

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Development of nanomodifiers and research into their influence on the properties of bituminous binders

Vestnik MGSU 10/2013
  • Inozemtsev Sergey Sergeevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, test engineer, Research and Educational Center on "Nanotechnology", Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7-499-188-04-00; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Korolev Evgeniy Valer'evich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Adviser, Russian Academy of Architectural and Building Sciences (RAACS), director, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7-499-188-04-00; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 131-139

Nine types of nanomodifiers designated for asphalt binder are considered in the article. Three mineral material types of are considered, including dolomite powder MP-1, diatomite and activated silica sand. As the second component cotton oil, synthetic rubber and a colloid solution of ferric (III) hydroxide and silica acid are selected. The results of the study disclose the influence of nanomodifiers on needle penetration depth at 0 °C and 25 °C, as well as the softening temperature, brittleness properties and stability after aging. The penetration depth is a criterion of the ability of the bitumen to resist mechanical stress, while brittleness and / or softening are the criteria of its ability to resist temperature. The generalized effectiveness criterion of bitumen modifiers is also taken into account. The generalized effectiveness criterion of nanomodifiers was revealed based on the obtained data. One of the most effective modifiers is diatomite with a colloid solution of ferric hydroxide (III) and silica acid. Dolomite powder with sol and diatomite with synthetic rubber (layer 70 nm) are promising methods of modification, though they require optimization in terms of their technology and formulations.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.10.131-139

References
  1. Vysotskaya M. Polymer-bitumen Binder with the Addition of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes. Advanced Materials Research. 2013, vol. 699, pp. 530—534.
  2. Vysotskaya M., Kuznetsov D., Barabash D. Nanostructured Road-building Materials Based on Organic Binders. Construction Materials. 2013, no. 4, pp. 20—23.
  3. Quintero Luz S., Sanabria Luis E. Analysis of Colombian Bitumen Modified With a Nanocomposite. Journal of Testing and Evaluation (JTE). December 2012, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 1—7.
  4. Kondrat’ev D.N., Gol’din V.V., Merkelene N.F. Patent no. 2412126, issued by the Russian Federation, MPK C04B24/36. Nanostrukturiruyushchiy modifikator dlya asfal'tobetona [Nanostructured Modifier for Asphaltic Concrete]. 19.11.2009, 5 pp.
  5. Gotovtsev V.M., Shatunov A.G., Rumyantsev A.N., Sukhov V.D. Nanotekhnologii v proizvodstve asfal'tbetona [Nanotechnology in Asphalt Production]. Nauchnye issledovaniya [Scientific research]. 2013, no.1, pp 191–195.
  6. Xiao F., Amirkhanian A., Amirkhanian S. Influence of Carbon Nanoparticles on the Rheological Characteristics of Short-Term Aged Asphalt Binders. J. Mater. Civ. Eng. 2011, 23 (4), pp. 423—431.
  7. Ye Chao, Chen Huaxin. Study on Road Performance of Nano-SiO2 and Nano-TiO2 Modified Asphalt. New Building Materials. 2009, no. 6, pp. 82—84.
  8. Xiao Peng, LI Xue-feng. Research on the Performance and Mechanism of Nanometer ZnO/SBS Modified Asphalt. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development. 2007, ¹ 6, pp. 12—16.
  9. Korolev E.V., Tarasov R.V., Makarova L.V., Samoshin A.P., Inozemtsev S.S. Obosnovanie vybora sposoba nanomodifitsirovaniya asfal'tobetonnykh smesey [Substantiation of the Choice for the Method of Nanomodification of Asphalt-concrete Mixes]. Vestnik BGTU im. V.G. Shukhova [Proceedings of Belgorod State Technological University named after Shukhov V.G.]. 2012, no. 4, pp. 40—43.
  10. Grishina A.N., Korolev E.V. Effektivnaya nanorazmernaya dobavka, povyshayushchaya ustoychivost' pen dlya penobetonov [Effective Nanoscale Foam Stabilizer Admixture for Foam Concretes. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 10, pp.159—165.
  11. Korolev E.V., Grishina A.N. Sintez i issledovanie nanorazmernoy dobavki dlya povysheniya ustoychivosti pen na sinteticheskikh penoobrazovatelyakh dlya penobetonov [Development and Research into a Nanosize Stabilizing Additive for Foams Based on Synthetic Foamers for Foam Concretes]. Stroitel'nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013, no. 2, pp. 30—33.
  12. Bazhenov Yu.M., Gar'kina I.A., Danilov A.M., Korolev E.V. Sistemnyy analiz v stroitel'nom materialovedenii : monografiya [System Analysis in the Building Material Science]. Moscow, 2012, MGSU Publ., 432 p.
  13. Bormotov A.N., Proshin I.A., Korolev E.V. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie I mnogokriterial'nyy sintez kompozitsionnykh materialov [Mathematic Modeling and Multi-criterial Synthesis of Composite Materials]. Penza, 2011, PGTA Publ., 352 p.
  14. Borshch I.M., Terletskaya L.S. Mineral'nye poroshki dlya asfal'tobetonnykh materialov [Mineral Powders for Asphalt-concrete Materials]. Dorozhno-stroitel'nye materialy [Road construction materials]. Kharkov, KhADI Publ., 1961, vol. 26, pp. 10—28.
  15. Ryb'eva T.G. K voprosu ob otsenke vliyaniya mineralogicheskogo sostava na svoystva bitumno-mineral'nykh materialov. Sbornik trudov [On the Problem of Assessment of the Influence of the Mineralogical Composition Influence on the Properties of Bitumen-mineral Materials]. Sbornik trudov [Collected works of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. Moscow, MISI Publ., 1960, no. 32, pp. 34—38.
  16. Boskholov K.A., Bituev A.V. Kremnezemsoderzhashchie mineral'nye poroshki dlya asfal'tobetonov [Silica-containing Mineral Powders for Asphaltic Concretes], Vestnik TGASU [Proceedings of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building]. 2007, no. 3, pp. 210—212.
  17. Aminov Sh.Kh., Strugovets I.B., Khannanova G.T., Babkov V.V., Nedoseko I.V. Ispol'zovanie piritnogo ogarka v kachestve mineral'nogo napolnitelya v asfal'tobetonakh [Using Sulfur Waste as a Mineral Filler for Asphaltic Concretes]. Stroitel'nye materialy [Construction Materials]. Moscow, 2007, no. 9, pp. 42—43.
  18. Vysotskaya M.A., Fedorov M.Yu., Yadykina V.V., Kuznetsov D.A., Korotaev A.P. Al'ternativnoe dispersnoe poristoe syr'e dlya dorozhnoy otrasli [Alternative Dispersed Porous Raw Materials for Roadbuilding]. Prostranstvo i vremya — sistema koordinat razvitiya chelovechestva: Sbornik dokladov VIII-y mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy kontserentsii [Space and Time as the Coordinates System of Human Development: Collected reports of the 8-th International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Odessa, 2011, pp. 38—40.
  19. Shlegel' I.F., Shaevich G.Ya., Karabut L.A., Tonkikh V.M., Noskov A.V. Ispol'zovanie legkogo poristogo zapolnitelya v sostave asfal'tobetonov [Adding Light Porous Aggregate to Asphaltic Concretes]. Avtomobil'nye dorogi [Motor Ways]. 2008, no. 6, pp. 115—116.

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New method for sol-gel synthesis of orthosilicates

Vestnik MGSU 10/2013
  • Malyavskiy Nikolay Ivanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Department of General Chemistry, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Zvereva Viktoriya Vladimirovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) student, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 140-146

Orthosilicates of bivalent metals are widely employed by various technologies, including the production of building materials. In the last decades, several sol-gel methods were proposed to obtain high-purity orthosilicates in a laboratory environment. The objective of this research was to prepare powdered crystalline orthosilicates of calcium, magnesium, zinc and cadmium using a new sol-gel technique that comprises a hydrogel combustion stage.APSTOL (3-aminopropylsilanetriol), a water-soluble silicone having low polymerizability and high stability at any ambience, was used as a silica precursor. Metal nitrates were used as metal oxide precursors, water was the solvent. Nitric acid was added to every precursor mixture to prevent precipitation of metal hydroxides. Solid hydrogels, capable of spontaneous combustion, were generated in the aftermath of the dry-out of the prepared solutions. Combustion products were studied using FTIR method (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and TG-DSC methods (Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry), and heated thereafter. Final products were also studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.It was found that all combustion products (except for the Cd-silicate system) were poorly crystallized orthosilicates in stable or meta-stable crystalline forms. Upon subsequent heating, well-crystallized orthosilicates (willemite, larnite and forsterite) were formed.As a result, the proposed synthesis procedure demonstrated its efficiency for the synthesis of powdered crystalline or semicrystalline orthosilicates and oxy-orthosilicates of bivalent metals. The main strengths of this procedure include its high synthesis rate and absolute stability of the precursor solutions.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.10.140-146

References
  1. Afonina G.A., Leonov V.G., Popova O.N. Poluchenie poroshka forsterita metodami zol'-gel' tekhnologii [Using Sol-gel Technology to Extract Powdered Forsterite]. Steklo I keramika [Glass and Ceramics]. 2005, no. 8, pp. 19—24.
  2. Negahdari Saberi Z., Alinejad B., Golestani-Fard F. Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Forsterite through Citrate-nitrate Route. Ceram. Int. 2009, vol. 35, pp. 1705—1708.
  3. Maliavski N.I., Dushkin O.V., Tchekounova E.V., Markina J.V., Scarinci G. An Organic-inorganic Silica Precursor Suitable for the Sol-gel Synthesis in Aqueous Media. J. Sol-Gel Sci. and Technol. 1997, vol. 8, pp. 571—575.
  4. Maliavski N.I., Dushkin O.V., Markina J.V., Scarinci G. Forsterite Powder Prepared from Water-soluble Hybrid Precursor. AIChE Journal. 1997, vol. 43, pp. 2832—2836.
  5. Douy A. Aqueous Syntheses of Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) and Enstatite (MgSiO3). J. Sol-Gel Sci. and Technol. 2002, vol. 24, pp. 221—228.
  6. Malyavskiy N.I., Pokid'ko B.V. Zol'-gel' sintez ortosilikatov [Sol-gel Synthesis of Orthsilicates]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 8, pp. 131—138.
  7. El Nahhal I.M., Chehimi M.M., Cordier C., Dodin G. XPS, NMR and FTIR Structural Characterization of Polysiloxane-immobilized Amine Ligand System. J. Non-Cryst. Solids. 2000, no. 275, pp. 142—146.
  8. Sreekanth Chakradhar R.P., Naqabhushana B.M., Chandrappa G.T., Ramesh K.P., Rao J.L. Solution Combustion Derived Nanocrystalline Zn2SiO4: Mn Phosphors: a Spectroscopic View. J. Chem. Phys. 2004, vol. 121, pp. 10250—10259.
  9. Lukic S.R., Petrovic D.M., Dacanin L.J., Marinovic-Cincovic M., Antic Z., Krsmanovic R. Gel Combustion Synthesis of Transition Metal Ions Doped Zn2SiO4 Powder. J. Optoelectron. and Adv. Materials. 2008, vol. 10, pp. 2748—2752.
  10. Lazarev A.N. Kolebatel'nye spektry i stroenie silikatov [Vibrational Spectra and Structure of Silicates]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1968, 348 p.
  11. Piriou B. The High-frequency Vibrational Spectra of Vitreous and Crystalline Orthosilicates. Amer. Mineralogist. 1983, vol. 68, pp. 426—443.

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Performance of liquid thermal insulation applied to the section of a main pipeline of the heat supply system

Vestnik MGSU 10/2013
  • Pavlov Mikhail Vasil’evich - Vologda State Technical University» (VoSTU) Senior Lecturer, Department of Heat/ Gas Supply and Ventilation, Vologda State Technical University» (VoSTU), 15 Lenin st., Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Karpov Denis Fedorovich - Vologda State Technical University» (VoSTU) Senior Lecturer, Department of Heat/Gas Supply and Ventilation, Vologda State Technical University» (VoSTU), 15 Lenin st., Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Yurchik Marina Sergeevna - Ekostroi limited liability company Director, Ekostroi limited liability company, 53 Yuzhakov st., Vologda, 160002, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Smirnova Valentina Yur’evna - Vologda State Technical University» (VoSTU) master student, Department of Heat/Gas Supply and Ventilation, Vologda State Technical University» (VoSTU), 15 Lenin st., Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Tikhomirov Sergey Nikolaevich - Vologda State Technical University» (VoSTU) postgraduate student, Department of Heat/Gas Supply and Ventilation, Vologda State Technical University» (VoSTU), 15 Lenin st., Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 14-155

Energy saving is a top-priority task for any country. Presently, power engineering and its relevance grow year after year. The problem accrues particular significance in the following two cases: in the event of energy resources deficiency or in the event of adverse climatic conditions in a country. For example, in some regions of the Russian Federation, where the lowest outside temperature can reach 50 °C and below during the cold season, heat losses for heating systems can exceed 50 % of the heat supplied by heat sources.Thermal insulation is a universally recognized effective method of control over heat emissions into the environment. The authors present the performance of a liquid thermal insulation applied to the surface of a pipeline. Infrared thermometry devices (a pyrometer and a thermal imager) and classical equations of the steady-state heat transfer are applied to analyze the efficiency of advanced methods of heat insulation. The authors present a graph of linear heat loss for a steel pipeline depending on the thickness of the thermal insulation layer. Images, generated by the thermal imager, are analyzed together with the data obtained by the pyrometer. They demonstrate a gap between the temperature of an isolated section of a pipeline and the temperature of the unpainted pipeline, which is equal to 5—10 °C.The authors also present a histogram characterizing the annual fuel consumption (in standard measurement units) depending on the thickness of the heat insulation layer. The findings have demonstrated that 1 mm layer of thermal isolation saves 126.1 m3 of natural gas per one running meter of a pipeline a year, which is equal to approx. 500 rubles (in prices of 2013). The payback period this energy-saving project should not exceed six months. It is noteworthy that the increase of the liquid thermal insulation layer is not a criterion for its economic expediency. If the thickness of liquid thermal insulation is equal to 1 mm, fuel savings will reach approx. 65 %; if it goes up to 1,5 mm, fuel savings go up by mere 8 %.The paper demonstrates the authors’ findings in terms of the heat conductivity declared by the producer. Some problems remain unresolved, including the issue of identification of the properties of liquid heat insulation, if the heat insulation layer is exposed to external factors (such as the temperature and humidity of the environment, heat transfer temperature), etc.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.10.14-155

References
  1. Muranova M.M., Shchelokov A.I. Primenenie sovremennoy teplovoy izolyatsii dlya truboprovodov. Sloistaya teploizolyatsiya. [Using Modern Thermal Insulation for Pipelines. Laminar Thermal Insulation.] Vestnik Samarskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: Tekhnicheskie nauki. [Vestnik of Samara State Technical University. Series: Engineering Sciences]. 2012, no. 2, pp. 165—169.
  2. Mahdavi A., Doppelbauer E.M. A Performance Comparison of Passive and Low-energy buildings. Energy and Buildings. 2010, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1314—1319.
  3. Lingerberger D., Bruckner T., Groscurth H.-M., Kummel R. Optimization of Solar District Heating Systems: Seasonal Storage, Heat Pumps and Cogeneration. Energy. 2000, vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 591—608.
  4. Khanal S.K., Rasmussen M., Shrestha P., Leeuwen H. Van, Visvanathan C., Liu H. Bioenergy and Biofuel Production from Wastes. Residues of Emerging Biofuel Industries. Water Environment Research. 2008, vol. 80, no. 10, pp. 1625—1647.
  5. SNiP 41-03—2003. Teplovaya izolyatsiya oborudovaniya i truboprovodov [Construction Norms and Regulations 41-03—2003. Thermal Insulation of Devices and Pipelines]. Moscow, DEAN Publ., 2004, 64 p.
  6. Zverev V.G., Gol’din V.D., Nazarenko V.A. Radiation-conduction Heat Transfer in Fibrous Heat-resistant Insulation under Thermal Effect. High Temperature. 2008, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 108—114.
  7. Korolev D.Yu. Okrashivanie naruzhnykh ograzhdeniy materialami novogo pokoleniya dlya energosberegayushchey ekspluatatsii zdaniy [Using Advanced Materials to Paint Envelope Structures to Ensure Energy-efficient Operation of Buildings]. Nauchnyy vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta. Seriya: Vysokie tekhnologii. Ekologiya. [Scientific Bulletin of Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Series: High Technologies. Ecology.] 2011, no. 1, pp. 128—131.
  8. Biryuzova E.I. Povyshenie energoeffektivnosti teplovykh setey za schet primeneniya sovremennykh teploizolyatsionnykh materialov [Using Advanced Thermal Insulation Materials to Improve the Energy Efficiency of Heating Networks]. Regional’naya arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo [Regional Architecture and Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 1, pp. 62—66.
  9. Nazarenko I.A. Vybor effektivnoy izolyatsii dlya rezervuarov s vysokotemperaturnym pekom [Choosing Effective Insulation for Tanks Containing High-temperature Petroleum Pitch]. Tekhnologicheskiy audit i rezervy proizvodstva [Technology Audit and Production Reserves]. 2013, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 11—13
  10. Sinitsyn A.A., Karpov D.F., Pavlov M.V. Osnovy teplovizionnoy diagnostiki teplopotreblyayushchikh ob”ektov stroitel’stva [Fundamentals of Thermal Imaging Diagnostics of Heat Consuming Construction Facilities]. Vologda, VoGTU Publ, 2013, 156 p.

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Compliance with the increased demands on the curing of hardening concrete in the process of transport facilities construction

Vestnik MGSU 10/2013
  • Solov'yanchik Aleksandr Romanovich - JSC «Scientific Research Institute of Transport Construction» (JSC CNIIS) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chief Research Scientist, JSC «Scientific Research Institute of Transport Construction» (JSC CNIIS), 1, Kol’skaya st., Moscow, 129329, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Ginzburg Aleksandr Vladimirovich - Scientific Production Association «Cosmos» (LLK «NPO «KOSMOS») Candidate of Technical Sciences, Vice-President for Regional Development, Scientific Production Association «Cosmos» (LLK «NPO «KOSMOS»), 38-25, Shosse Entuziastov, Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Pulyaev Ivan Sergeevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, associate Professor, Department of construction materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 156-165

Recently the requirements to the high quality of works for critical groups of buildings are more rigid in Russia. This also concerns the transport structures, which play the key role, such as bridges, tunnels, overpasses and other similar facilities. Particularly high requirements for these structures are: reliability, frost resistance, water resistance, crack resistance and durability. In this article the main principles of providing high consumer properties of these objects are highlighted. Modern achievements in concrete researches are used, which are based on scientific studies performed in JSC CNIIS.The main problem in the process of concrete curing is not only in thermostressed state, which depends on the temperature and on the features of structure formation related to the changes in temperature regime of hardening concrete. The service properties of concrete are also influenced by different kinds of thermal stresses, occurring during concrete hardening: submicrostresses, microstresses and macrostresses. A special role in the theory of concrete hardening is played by the so-called own (or residual) thermal stress, which increases or decreases fracture of constructions. With the help of the accounting for these types of thermal stresses, the author shows how to increase crack resistance of concrete constructions without use of extra means of protection from temperature cracks. Furthermore, the author vividly shows, how to consider the magnitude of the temperature drops properly, which occur in concrete and lead to the formation of residual thermal stresses. The research of thermal stresses helps to reduce the cost of the device for additional thermal insulation of concrete, and to achieve high consumer properties of a construction. Positive results from the performed work were used in the construction of a number of transport tunnels in the city of Moscow, which led to the acceleration of their construction and reduced the cost of providing perfect quality of performed works.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.10.156-165

References
  1. Luk'yanov V.S., Denisov I.I. Raschet termouprugikh deformatsiy massivnykh betonnykh opor mostov dlya razrabotki mer po povysheniyu ikh treshchinostoykosti [Thermoelastic Deformation Analysis of Concrete Plate Piers for the Methods Development for Increasing their Crack Resistance]. Sbornik trudov TsNIIS [Collected works of the Central Research Institute of Transport Construction]. Moscow, TsNIIS Publ., 1970, no. 36, pp. 4—43.
  2. Luk'yanov V.S., Solov'yanchik A.R. Fizicheskie osnovy prognozirovaniya sobstvennogo termonapryazhennogo sostoyaniya betonnykh i zhelezobetonnykh konstruktsiy [Physical Basis of Predicting the Own Termostressed State of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete Structures]. Sbornik trudov TsNIIS [Collected works of the Central Research Institute of Transport Construction]. Moscow, TsNIIS Publ., 1972, no. 75, pp. 36—42.
  3. Sychev M.M. Tverdenie vyazhushchikh veshchestv [The Hardening of the Binders]. Leningrad, Stroyizdat Publ., 1974, 80 p.
  4. Sychev M.M. Tverdenie tsementov [Hardening of the Cements]. Leningrad, LTI imeni Lensoveta Publ., 1981, 88 p.
  5. Schoppel K., Plannerer M. Springenschmid R. Determination of Restraint Stresses of Material Properties during Hydration of Concrete with the Temperature-stress Testing Machine. Proceedings of the International RILEM Symposium. Munich, 1994, no. 25, pp. 153—160.
  6. Solovyanchik A.R., Krylov B.A., Malinsky E.N. Inherent Thermal Stress Distributions in Concrete Structures and Method for their Control. Thermal Cracking in Concrete at Early Ages. Proceedings of the International RILEM Symposium. Munich, 1994, no. 25, pp. 369—376.
  7. Thielen G., Hintzen W. Investigation of Concrete Behavior under Restraint with a Temperature-stress Test Machine. Proceedings of the International RILEM Symposium. Munich, 1994, no. 25, pp. 142—152.
  8. Antonov E.A. Tekhnologicheskaya osobennost' kachestva — real'naya sistema organizatsii stroitel'stva sooruzheniy s garantirovannoy ekspluatatsionnoy nadezhnost'yu [Technological Feature of the Quality — a Real Construction Organizational System with the Guaranteed Servicability]. Sbornik trudov TsNIIS [Collected works of the Central Research Institute of Transport Construction]. Moscow, TsNIIS Publ., 2003, no. 217, pp. 222—226.
  9. Solov'yanchik A.R., Sychev A.P., Shifrin S.A. Opyt provedeniya rabot po vyyavleniyu i ustraneniyu defektov i treshchin pri stroitel'stve Gagarinskogo i Volokolamskogo tonneley v g. Moskve [An Experience in Localizing and Fixing the Defects and Cracks in the process of Constructing Gagarinskiy and Volokolamskiy Tonnels in Moscow]. Sbornik trudov TsNIIS [Collected works of the Central Research Institute of Transport Construction]. Moscow, TsNIIS Publ., 2002, no. 209, pp. 6—18.
  10. Shifrin S.A. Uchet neritmichnosti tekhnologicheskikh protsessov pri vybore i obosnovanii rezhimov betonirovaniya raznomassivnykh konstruktsiy transportnykh sooruzheniy [Accounting for the Unsteadiness of Technological Processes in the process of Choosing and Rationalizing Concrete Pouring Regimes of Transport Facilities Constructions]. Sbornik trudov TsNIIS [Collected works of the Central Research Institute of Transport Construction]. Moscow, TsNIIS Publ., 2003, no. 217, pp. 206—216.

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Influence of high-molecular chitosan on the process of cement composite hydration

Vestnik MGSU 11/2013
  • Darchiya Valentina Ivanovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Junior research worker, Research Institute of Construction Materials and Technologies, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
  • Nikiforova Tamara Pavlovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Deputy Chair, Department of General Chemistry, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
  • Eremin Aleksey Vladimirovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Junior Research Scientist, Scientific and Research Institute of Construction Materials and Technologies, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.

Pages 141-148

Natural biopolymer chitosan has a unique structure and functional diversity. Biocidal and antistatic properties of chitosan are mainly determined by the aminogroup in the structure of the molecule. Therefore, high molecular chitosan (HMC) was chosen for the introduction into the cement composition. It has high degree of deacetylation (98 %) and a molecular weight of 200 kDa, which allows having a maximum number of amino groups in the polymer, as well as being introduced as a powder into a dry mortar.With the help of differential thermal analysis it was found out that HMC does not react with the mortar.By means of isothermic calorimetry we studied the effect of HMC on the heat of hydration process of Portland cement. Introduction of the additive HMC of the concentration 0.2—2 % of the Portland cement weight does not affect the kinetics of the hydration reaction. A slight decrease in the intensity of the main exothermic peak seems to be caused by the decrease of the portland cement proportion in the modified samples after introducing HMC additive in a dosage of 0,2—2 % by weight.By IR spectroscopy possible interaction of HMC with Portland cement hydration products has been investigated. For this purpose the investigated samples aged 7 days of hardening of Portland cement and Portland cement modified by HMC and including HMC of 1 % and 2 % by weight. Comparing the IR spectres of the samples modified by HMC and transmission spectrum of the reference sample we can conclude, that the introduction of HMC does not cause the formation of new chemical bonds with the hydration products.By the methods of thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, isothermic calorimetry and X-ray analysis it was found out that the introduction of HMC in the experimental conditions does not affect the speed and intensity of Portland cement hydration. It was discovered that the introduction of HMC in a cement composition does not change the amount and type of Portland cement hydration products. HMC does not react with Portland cement hydration products.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.11.141-148

References
  1. Ana Pastor de Abram, editor. Quitina y quitosano: obtencion, caracterizacion y aplicaciones. Translated into Russian by K.M. Mikhlina, E.V. Zhukova, E.S. Krylova. Rossiyskoe khitinovoe obshchestvo Publ., 2010, 284 p.
  2. Lim S.H., Hudson S.M. Review of Chitosan and its Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents and their Uses as Textile Chemicals. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C. Polymer, 2003, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 223—269.
  3. Bierbaum G., Sahl H.G. Autolytic System of Staphylococcus Simulans 22: Influence of Cationic Peptides on Activity of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase. J.Bacteriol. 1987, vol. 169(12), pp. 5452—5458.
  4. Didenko L.M., Gerasimenko D.V., Konstantinova N.D., Silkina T.A., Avdienko I.D., Bannikova G.E., Varlamov V.P. Ultrastructural Study of Chitosan Effects on Klebsiella and Staphylococci. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 2005, vol. 140 (3), pp. 356—360.
  5. Raafat D., Bargen K., Haas A., Sahl H.G. Insight into the Mode of Action of Chitosan as an Antibacterial Compound. Appl. Env. Microbiol. 2008, vol. 74, no. 12, pp. 3764—3773.
  6. Boychenko V. S. Anomalii elektricheskogo polya i zdorov'e lyudey [Anomalies of Electric Field and the Health of People]. Mediko-ekologicheskaya bezopasnost', reabilitatsiya i sotsial'naya zashchita naseleniya: XIV Mezhdunarodnyy forum (Khorvatiya, 6—13 sentyabrya 2003 g.): tezisy, doklady [Medico-ecological Safety, Rehabilitation and Social Protection of the Population; 14th International Forum (Croatia, September 06—13, 2003). Theses and Reports]. Moscow, 2003, pp. 76—80.
  7. Grigor'ev Yu.G., Stepanov V.S., Grigor'ev O.A., Merkulov A.V. Elektromagnitnaya bezopasnost' cheloveka. Spravochno-informatsionnoe izdanie [Electromagnetic Safety of a Person. Reference Edition]. Rossiyskiy natsional'nyy komitet po zashchite ot neioniziruyushchego izlucheniya [Russian National Committee on Protection against Nonionizing Radiation]. 1999.
  8. Dmitriev A.N. Prirodnye elektromagnitnye protsessy na Zemle [Natural Electromagnetic Processes of the Earth]. Gorno-Altaysk, RIO «Univers-Print», GAGU Publ., 1996, 80 p.

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Raising the biostability of wood by modifying its surface by boron-nitrogen compounds

Vestnik MGSU 11/2013
  • Stepina Irina Vasil'evna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of General Chemistry, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Kotlyarova Irina Aleksandrovna - Bryansk State Technical University (BGTU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Bryansk State Technical University (BGTU), 7, Bul'var 50-letiya Oktyabrya, Bryansk, 241035, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Sidorov Vyacheslav Ivanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Professor, Department of General Chemistry, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Myasoedov Evgeniy Mikhaylovich - Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering (MAMI); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of General and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering (MAMI); Professor, Department of General Chemistry, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), Moscow State University of Mechanical Engineering (MAMI); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 38 Bol’shaya Semenovskaya str., Moscow, 107023, Russian Federation; 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 149-154

The author studies the biological stability of pine wood samples modified by immersion for 3 hours in 10 %, 30 % and 50 % aqueous solutions of monoand diethanolamine (N → B) threehydrousborat (composition 1 and 2, respectively). After drying to constant weight, the surface of the samples according to the all-Union State Standard 9.048 was infested with a suspention with a concentration of 1—2 million / ml of fungic spores. The samples were placed into an open petri dish in a desiccator and maintained under conditions optimal for the growth of mycelium.During the experiment, the following results were obtained. Unmodified wood samples were covered with mushrooms at the 80—85 % of the surface. A rapid development of all kinds of test cultures and sporulation of the fungus was observed. The samples of wood, modified by the 10 % aqueous solutions of compounds 1 and 2, revealed heavy mycelium growth of mold and wood-destroying fungi. The development stage of fungi according to the All-Union State Standard 9.048—89 corresponds to 3 points. Wood samples, modified by 30 % aqueous solutions, are more fungus-resistant, their score is2 points. The modification by 50 % aqueous solutions of compounds 1 and 2 provides the wood with 100 % biological stability in regard to the mold and wood-destroying fungi.Climatic tests were carried out in the heat and moisture chamber G-4 according to All-Union State Standard 9.308—85 (Method 6) and 9.054—75 (method 1). Test results showed that due to such properties as weather resistance and fungal resistance, the protective action durability of the developed compositions makes up 5 years for 10 % solutions of compounds 1 and 2, up to 10 years for the 30 % solutions and for 50 % solutions — not less than 20 years. Thus, 50 % aqueous solutions of compositions 1 and 2 (Ksilostat and Ksilostat +) are the most effective for wood modification, which could provide the modified sample with 100 % biological stability for at least 20 years as a result of surface treatment.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.11.149-154

References
  1. Shupe T.S., Lebow S.T., Ring D. Causes and control of wood decay, degradation and stain. Res. & Ext. Pub, no. 2703, Zachary, LA, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 2008, 27 p.
  2. Mzhachikh E.I., Sukhareva L.A., Yakovlev V.V. Biokorroziya i fiziko-khimicheskie puti povysheniya dolgovechnosti pokrytiya [Biocorrosion and Physico-chemical Ways to Improve the Coating Durability]. Praktika protivokorrozionnoy zashchity [Experience of Anticorrosve Protection]. 2006, no. 1, pp. 55—58.
  3. Pokrovskaya E.N., Koval'chuk Yu.L. Khimiko-mikologicheskie issledovaniya i uluchshenie ekologii vnutri zdaniy [Chemical Analysis, Mycological Examination and Improvement of the Indoor Ecology]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 8, pp. 181—188.
  4. Lugauskas A., Yaskelyavichyus B. Mikologicheskoe sostoyanie zhilykh pomeshcheniy Bil'nyusa [Mycological State of the Accomodations in Bilnyusa]. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya [Mycology and Phytophathology]. 2009, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 207—215.
  5. Dashko R.E., Kotyukov P.V. Issledovanie bioagressivnosti podzemnoy sredy Sankt-Peterburga po otnosheniyu k konstruktsionnym materialam transportnykh tonneley i fundamentov [The Study on the Bioagressiveness of the Underground Environment in St. Petersburg in Relation to Construction Materials of Transport Tunnels and Basements]. Zapiski Gornogo Instituta [Proceedings of the Mining Academy]. 2007, vol. 172, pp. 217—220.
  6. Kukoleva D.A., Akhmetshin A.S., Stroganov I.V., Stroganov V.F. Biopovrezhdenie polimernykh kompozitsionnykh stroitel'nykh materialov [Biodeterioration of Polymer Composite Building Materials]. Izvestiya Kazanskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta [Proceedings of Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering]. 2009, no. 2 (12), pp. 257—262.
  7. Lebow S.T. Wood Preservation. Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL–GTR–190. Madison, WI, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2010, chapter 15.
  8. Lebow S., Lebow P., Halverson S. Penetration of boron from topically applied borate solutions. Forest Products Journal. 2010, 60(1), pp. 13—22.
  9. Kotlyarova I.A., Koteneva I.V., Sidorov V.I. Modifikatsiya tsellyulozy monoetanolamin(N?B)trigidroksiboratom [Modification of Cellulose by Monoethanolamine(N?B) threehydrousborat]. Khimicheskaya promyshlennost' segodnya [Chemical Industry Today]. 2011, no. 12, pp. 26—30.
  10. Koteneva I.V., Sidorov V.I., Kotlyarov I.A. Analiz modifitsirovannoy tsellyulozy metodom IK-spektroskopii [Analysis of the Modified Cellulose by the Infrared Spectroscopy]. Khimiya rastitel'nogo syr'ya [Chemistry of Plant Materials]. 2011, no.1, pp. 21—24.

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