"Вестник МГСУ"

In the article, main moments of investigation of development of the investment construction complex as a subsystem of the national economy are presented. The urgency of investment construction complex research as a synergistic system with using a phased approach is substantiated to identify systemic patterns and modeling capabilities for the accelerated development due to the synergistic effects. Exploring statistic and directions of phase curves of main economic parameters of the investment-construction complex, it is found that the construction sector in 2011 came out to attractor which still tied with raw materials through the development of the economic system, so innovative development is possible through the bifurcation of the phase portrait caused by bifurcation of the Russian economy.

The problems of relocation of citizens from unfit and slum dwellings are considered. Residential property market analysis illustrating a house construction attenuation was performed. The problems of provision of quality and equivalent housing are touched, and the reasons for inaccessibility thereof are illustrated. Measures taken for control of quality of the provided houses are considered. Attention is drawn to development problems of the North Caucasus as an example of one of the problematic regions. For the system solution of the erected housing quality issue it is planned to introduce this year the obligation for a self-regulatory organization to have a permit for design and construction of low-rise buildings. It is necessary to focus on the quality of housing, on elimination of corruption, improvement of work of the body for the housing stock price formation, and the local self-governing authorities. The carried-out measures with due attention of regions’ authorities will enable to keep priority rates of the unfit dwelling liquidation and fulfil the general tasks set by the President and the RF Government.

Transition to market relations in the sphere of housing policy has fundamentally changed the role of the state in the construction industry. Management capabilities on the part of state and municipal authorities are limited. In these conditions, the use of cluster forms of organization and cooperation of labour is required for the regional economy development. Model of a regional construction cluster exemplified by the Astrakhan’ region is considered. Also, it is shown that such a complex socio-economic system refers to heterarchical systems. A three-tier model for description of business processes in a regional construction cluster is proposed. It is illustrated that an important feature of elements of such system is the possibility of random (unpredictable for decision-makers) change of their properties depending on influences of other elements of the system and the external environment. Objectives of the system are functions of aggregate properties and goals of its elements, and the level of aggregation depends on the goals and challenges facing the decision-makers as well as on the system management efficiency evaluation criteria adopted by them.

This paper shows that quite a large number of economic mechanisms reducing risk of occurrence of an emergency situation have been designed. These mechanisms are understood as complexes of interrelated evidence-based policies, procedures and methodological solutions that provide optimal economic forms of regulation in the field of safety management and risk management at the federal, regional and facility levels. The paper shows the management model and emphasizes the major economic mechanisms for managing safety level: economic responsibility mechanisms, risk redistribution mechanisms, mechanisms for generation and usage of budgetary and extra-budgetary funds, incentive mechanisms for the enhanced safety level, reservation mechanisms in case of emergencies.

Article studies the problem of development of optimal plans of funding of activities for procurement and repair of particular samples of measuring equipment (ME) for the stock including several types of ME, under various restrictions for the funding. As the underlying research method, the simplex method for solving of a linear programming problem with equalities and inequalities constraints is used. It is assumed that as per the level of technical excellence the equipment can be modern or outdated, and as per the level of technical condition - operable or faulty. Mathematical model for record keeping of transitions of ME samples from an operable state into a faulty state is worked out. It is shown that, within the framework of this model, the indicators of modernity and operability of measuring equipment stock (MES) are linked by a linear dependence. As the optimality criterion, the MES modernity indicator is used; the MES operability indicator and operability indicators for each ME type are used as the constraints. While studying possible rational financing options, the modernity indicators for different types of ME also are used. Results of solving of the basic problem for different values of funding amounts for procurement and repairs are presented. Structure and sequence of optimal funding is revealed.

Economic sustainability of any organization, including small organizations of investment and construction sector, has a complex and ambiguous concept. Sustainable development of organization is a continuous process of permanent dynamic changes in which there is a close consistency between such integral elements as: efficient use of resources, scientific and technical development of organization, implementation of various innovations in production process, improving of staff competence, and institutional changes. They all are aimed at optimization of existing and future potential of organization, satisfaction of needs and achievement of set strategic objectives. Under conditions of instability of market economy, the achievement of effective sustainable development of enterprise and its integration into the existing organization management becomes one of the most important tasks. The article offers to perform a comparative analysis within the framework of projections, with the purpose of identifying of “threats” by external factors and “advantages” by internal factors. This will help to identify the most serious “threats” as well as the most powerful “advantages” for further development of strategy for improving of sustainability of small enterprises of the investment and construction industry. It is also assumed that there is a possibility of use of small business advantages with the aim of reducing of negative effect of “threats” by external factors by way of targeting of these advantages. Analysis of “threats” by external factors and “advantages” by internal factors demonstrated that each aggregate of “threats” can be opposed to the aggregate of “advantages” within the corresponding projection. If the growth of small enterprise characteristics is smooth enough it can be said of sustainable development of this enterprise.

The paper shows the management model and emphasizes the major economic mechanisms for managing safety level: economic responsibility mechanisms, risk redistribution mechanisms, mechanisms for generation and usage of budgetary and extra-budgetary funds, incentive mechanisms for the enhanced safety level, reservation mechanisms in case of emergencies. A large number of economic mechanisms have been designed as complexes of interrelated evidence-based policies which provide optimal economic forms of regulation in the field of safety management and risk management at the federal, regional and facility levels.

The article discusses the current disadvantages of the scheduling-network planning in the management of the terms of investment-construction project. Problems associated with the construction of the schedule and the definitions of the duration of the construction project are being studied. The problems of project management for the management apparatus are shown, which consists in the absence of mechanisms for prompt response to deviations in the parameters of the scheduling-network diagram. A new approach to planning the implementation of an investment-construction project based on a matrix of key events and a rejection of the current practice of determining the duration based on inauthentic regulatory data. An algorithm for determining the key events of the project is presented. For increase the reliability of the organizational structure, the load factor of the functional block in the process of achieving the key event is proposed. Recommendations for improving the interaction of the participants in the investment-construction project are given.

The cyclicity of economic phenomena is not only their immanent property but also the subject of economic analysis. The modern way of making managerial decisions requires analysis of a number of cycles that fill any kind of activity. Accounting and reconciliation of construction, design, investment, purchasing, reproduction, leasing and other cycles is important for the investment and construction sector, both from the point of view of the need for their synchronization and from the position of determining trends in sectoral development. The analysis has showed that three main types of development are characteristic for investment and construction activity. Increasing intensity is inherent in a high level of cyclic synchronization. The degradation trend arises as a result of mismatched cycles. The stabilization character is inherent in the regular modes of maintaining the established proportions and cyclical inter-conformity. The study of the cyclical nature of investment and building processes is impossible without understanding their co-ordination. The principles of synchronization and subordination of the cycles should be used not only for the construction of cost-effective systems but also for the development of management tools.

In this paper, we study the foreign exchange rates of a pair Russian ruble/US dollar on the subject of fractality. It has been shown that the time series studied quotes has the basic fractal properties. With the help of the Hurst exponent was calculated by the Hausdorff dimension, which was a fractional number that supports the hypothesis of fractality. Volatility charts were compared with charts of known solutions of the fractional differential equation wandering point particle in a self-similar fractal set. The solution of this equation is a function of Mittag-Leffler. It is shown that graphs of the Mittag-Leffler function repeat exactly the structure of graphs volatilities for different periods of time. The solution of such an equation is written out using the Mittag-Leffler functions. The graphs of these decisions are compared with the volatility charts for different time periods. It also clearly confirms that the Russian currency market is a fractal. Thus, these results will help in predicting market behavior in advance a preset time in the future, which is almost a valuable tool for working with Russian currency market.

Subject: the subject of the study is technological parameters of the construction of roof structures with greenery. At present, the problems associated with the study of technical and technological parameters in the design of non-traditional energy-saving engineering systems, as well as their influence on the state of the housing and communal complex, have not been sufficiently studied. Research objectives: in order to reduce the labor costs in the construction of the roofing, reduce the time required to carry out repair and restoration work and ensure the quality of the roof’s operational usability, several variants of inverted roofing with greening were considered, and the best variant of energy-efficient structure and technology of erecting green roofing was identified. For modern buildings, with the use of advanced construction technologies, compliance with criteria of high constructive quality, manufacturability, and durability of building materials must be met. Materials and methods: the research uses methods of mathematical modeling, as well as modeling of technological processes in software environments. Results: based on the analysis of technological characteristics, it is established that among the technological processes and operations with different options for erecting green roofing systems, the best variant is the inverted “green” roofing with the use of modular structures. The labor intensity of erecting this roofing is 47.13 man-days, which is 38 % lower than in alternative versions, and the total duration of the roofing construction is 17 days, which is almost twice less than that in analogous designs. The use of modular technologies in greenery systems, the improvement of technological processes of erection of roofing with greenery systems are aimed at reducing the labor intensity of works and reducing the duration of construction, and in addition, implementation of innovative technologies contributes to an increase of the service life of the roofing and a longer operation of the object of construction (by 20-30 %). Conclusions: the use of rational technologies in the construction of roofing with greenery systems is the most effective solution, as the labor intensity of technological processes is reduced when constructing roofs with greenery systems in comparison with traditional types of roofs, and during the roof operation, the development of functional purpose is ensured.

Subject: synchronization implies that certain processes are brought to their execution that is either simultaneous or occurring with a constant time interval. However, according to the author’s opinion, substantiated in the article, in the process of integrated development of multifunctional urban environment, the concept of synchronization should be understood more widely, taking into account dimensions of the objects in relation to which the processes under study occur. Research objectives: formation of a coupled three-level model that compares the hierarchy of urban environment development (urban-block - quarter - micro-district) to three different development technologies implemented by various entities of investment and construction activity. Materials and methods: method of comparative analysis. Results: the resulting model, structured in the form of three interrelated subproblems described in the work, is proposed by the author as a tool for analyzing adopted and proposed variants for state participation in the development of multifunctional urban environment. Conclusions: the proposed three-level model of synchronization of the processes of integrated development of multifunctional urban environment adequately reflects economic and other relationships established in this field between the participants of the town-planning activity and can be successfully used.

In this article, methods of analysis of the improved designs of roofs of shallow underground structures are considered. Alternative methods to improve structural and technological solutions for covering underground structures arranged in an open manner are proposed. The developed design solutions are characterized by increased manufacturability due to reduction of labor costs owing to the use of low thermal conductivity concrete as a heat-insulating layer, which is monolithically connected during the manufacturing process with external layers of structural concrete because of the successive laying of these layers. To analyze the stress-strain state of roof’s structure and soil massif, a finite element method was used implemented in finite-element software packages. Subject: stress-strain state of structures of roofs of underground constructions built by an open method from different types of concrete with a monolithic bonding of layers. Research objectives: verification of finite element software packages used for analysis of the stress-strain state of soil massifs, as applied to multi-layer structures of roofs with a monolithic bonding of layers. Materials and methods: in our research, we used the methods of computer simulation of the stress-strain state of multi-layer bending structures of roofs from different types of concrete with a monolithic bonding of layers used in shallow underground structures. As for numerical software, the finite element software package ZSOIL was used. Results: in the article, we determine the rational areas of application of roof’s structures for shallow underground structures that are capable of sustaining vertical force loads and pressure from the ground massif. Structural and technological design solutions for roofs of underground structures, including the roofs of underground parking lots attached to the erected building, are characterized by low material consumption and increased manufacturability. Conclusions: for underground structures built in open excavation pits over which there are no aboveground floors, it is recommended to use multi-layer roof with a heat-insulating layer of concrete of low thermal conductivity as an alternative to traditional design solutions. Competitive structural and technological solutions of roofs and floors of shallow underground structures are obtained on the basis of computer simulation of stress-strain state using state-of-the-art finite element software.

Subject: technical and economic processes and aspects of handling wastes and secondary material resources; stages of transition of anthropogenic object of environment to wastes and secondary material resources; technical possibility and economic feasibility of using secondary material resources as a secondary raw material for making products, providing energy, works, services. The problem of economy and rational use of material and power resources is relevant and significant within the limits of maintenance of a strategic course of Russia on innovative sustainable development. In this article, issues of actualization and harmonization of the regulatory and legal base in the field of management of wastes and secondary material resources are considered from the viewpoint of maintenance of minimization of waste formation and maximum use of secondary material resources in an industrial-economic cycle, provision of economic incentives for innovative activity in the given field. The actual multi-plan problem, chosen here as a topic of research, concerns regulations in management of wastes and secondary material resources in construction complex, in which economic, civil-law, ecological, social, industrial and legal relations are closely coordinated and define a subject of the present research. Production and consumption waste is a dangerous anthropogenic object of the environment but at the same time, it is a valuable secondary material resource. The non-use of wastes to be recycled as secondary raw materials for energy generation, production and, as a result, their increasing accumulation in the environment causes irreparable harm to natural objects and human health due to their dangerous properties. Research objectives: scientific and methodological substantiation of legal regulation, economic basis for formation of wastes and secondary material resources management system (on the example of construction complex and building materials industry). Materials and methods: for conducting scientific research, we used guidance documents, standards, techniques, methodological recommendations, project and regulatory documentation in the field of environmental protection and waste management, published data and materials of domestic and international research on this topic. Methods of scientific research employed here are based on the use of comparative analysis, expert methods of indicators assessment. Results: we formulated proposals to update and harmonize the conceptual apparatus in the area of management of secondary material resources in the form of amendments to the current legislation, as well as proposals with regard to economic regulation methods in the area of wastes and secondary material resources management for introduction into the plan of implementation of the “Strategy for Development of Industry for Processing, Recycling and Decontamination of Production and Consumption Wastes for the Period until 2030”, approved by the legal act of the Government of the Russian Federation. Conclusions: the formulated scientific and practical proposals on the solution to the issue of handling wastes and secondary material resources can be used in formation of regulatory and legal framework and for planning actions in management of wastes and secondary material resources within the limits of implementation of the “Strategy for Development of Industry for Processing, Recycling and Decontamination of Production and Consumption Wastes”.