"Вестник МГСУ"

The article provides a number of provisions that, if taken as an aggregate, are considered
by the authors as the conceptual fundamentals of the practical solution to the problem of effective
transformation of the system of management of the building sector of Moscow. The building
sector is understood as the totality of organizations engaged in the performance of building and
installation operations, design development, construction materials manufacturing and real estate
maintenance.

Planning and implementation of innovations on the microlevel of management and on the higher levels is a process of innovative projects portfolio implementation. Project management is aimed at some goal; therefore, defining the mission and aims of implementation is of primary importance. These are the part of the notion of development strategy of an enterprise. Creating a strategy for big construction holding companies is complicated by the necessity to account for different factors effecting each business-block and subsidiary companies. The authors specify an algorithm of development and implementation of the activity strategy of a big construction enterprise. A special importance of the correspondence of organizational management structure to the implemented strategy is shown. The innovative character of organizational structure change is justified. The authors offer methods to optimize the organizational management structure based on communication approach with the use of the elements graph theory. The offered methodological provisions are tested on the example of the Russian JSC “RZhDstroy”.

The starting stage of the tender procedures in Russia with the participation of foreign suppliers dictates the feasibility of the developments for economical methods directed to comparison of technical solutions on the construction field. The article describes the example of practical Life Cycle Cost (LCC) evaluations under respect of Present Value (PV) determination. These create a possibility for investor to estimate long-term projects (indicated as 25 years) as commercially profitable, taking into account inflation rate, interest rate, real discount rate (indicated as 5 %). For economic analysis air-blower station of WWTP was selected as a significant energy consumer. Technical variants for the comparison of blower types are: 1 - multistage without control, 2 - multistage with VFD control, 3 - single stage double vane control. The result of LCC estimation shows the last variant as most attractive or cost-effective for investments with economy of 17,2 % (variant 1) and 21,0 % (variant 2) under adopted duty conditions and evaluations of capital costs (Cic + Cin) with annual expenditure related (Ce+Co+Cm). The adopted duty conditions include daily and seasonal fluctuations of air flow. This was the reason for the adopted energy consumption as, kW∙h: 2158 (variant 1),1743...2201 (variant 2), 1058...1951 (variant 3). The article refers to Europump guide tables in order to simplify sophisticated factors search (Cp /Cn, df), which can be useful for economical analyses in Russia. Example of evaluations connected with energy-efficient solutions is given, but this reference involves the use of materials for the cases with resource savings, such as all types of fuel. In conclusion follows the assent to use LCC indicator jointly with the method of determining discounted cash flows, that will satisfy the investor’s need for interest source due to technical and economical comparisons.

The given article shows the peculiarities of project management methods, 3D-modeling, scheduling-network planning, straight-line organization of work, visual modeling of construction arrangement, norm setting and cost estimation of work. After all, applying the methods mentioned above should provide earlier and less resource-consuming solution of the problem of constructing facilities within limited time and costs at permanent performance property as well as requirements for safety and quality. Hereinafter, the article summarizes the studied methods’ functionality together with the coverage areas’ analysis, and the above listed methods limitations are described, when they are used on a stand-alone basis. The list of tasks to be solved during elaboration and optimization of organizational and technological solutions is formulated on the basis of the analysis of regulations and project organization, elaborated on their basis. The conclusion was made a on the possibility of achieving best results by using these methods collaboratively, assuming that these methods would be complemented with the methods of economic assessment variation of architectural, engineering and organizational and technological concepts, and also with the help of methodology of searching for the most favorable solution in accordance with the criteria of economic efficiency. At the end of the article the information on the studies’ continuation is provided. Thus, the functional model that provides the search of the most favorable solution for the capital construction’s value and duration, based on harmonization of architectural, engineering, economic, financial, resource-technological and organizational-technological solutions is described in the author’s article : “The concept of economic-visual model building, an instrument of improving the investment and construction realization efficiency”.

Today the national economy is facing the need of modernization. There is a problem of its transfer to an innovative way of development. The construction complex is one of the most important sectors of national economy. Now its innovative and technological rearmament is necessary. Creation and introduction of new technologies in a construction complex will allow improving the quality of construction production, its consumer characteristics, reliability and ecological safety. Also application of innovations in construction will provide energy efficiency of buildings and constructions. Application of institutional approach to the process of innovative development of a construction complex allows understanding better features of its functioning in modern conditions. In the article the institutional approach to innovative development of a construction complex is considered. The control system of innovative development of a construction complex with the use of innovative engineering from the point of view of institutional approach is considered. Its advantages are revealed and proved.

In the article, the author has proven that state control authorities had an important function in the organizational structure of the government authorities of our country. The author also drives attention to the fact that, in the Soviet period, government leaders implemented the idea of a system of controlling authorities that were to a substantial extent composed of blue collars.
An extensive network of controlling authorities operating on location was active in the 80ies of the 20th century. The historical experience of regional controlling authorities is considered in article, and Moscow controlling authorities are taken as an example. The author demonstrates that the Moscow City Committee, regional committees, groups and posts of people's control organized at enterprises and other organizations drove particular attention to the issues of construction, the building industry as a whole and to the accomplishments of the municipal economy; they also supervised over the implementation of ecological and nature protection actions, monitored the condition and repairs of public health service buildings; they resolved the issues of education, culture, available housing, housing preparation for the winter season, etc.
Actions taken in the aftermath of inspections held by people's control authorities were aimed at the improvement of the ecological condition of Moscow, and they resolved the problems of urban construction. Multiple assignments performed by people's control authorities made it possible to substantially improve the quality of their inspections and to combine the controlling efforts within the framework of the municipal economy. Coordination of combined inspections promoted reduction in the overall number of inspections. The present-day building sector of the Russian capital can benefit from the experience of Moscow people's control authorities, their well-coordinated controlling activities within the construction industry and the prior accomplishments of the municipal economy.

In the proposed article, management of construction operations is represented as a multi-level system; it is considered with the framework of projects including new construction, restructuring and overhaul of buildings and structures.
The system of management of construction operations is to be composed of the following three constituent parts. They include a construction and assembling entity, project and operations, and a procurement base. Such matters as the quality of construction products, purchase (lease) of building machinery and vehicles are incorporated into the level of the construction and assembling entity. The project level comprises such components of construction operations management as pre-construction preparation of a project, methods and forms of construction management, preparatory works, management of construction activities, real-time operations control, construction quality control, etc. The level of operations and the procurement base covers the needs for materials and equipment, their purchase and procurement, as well as the warehouse management.
The main elements of the standardization system are identified. Standards of construction operations management are explained, including 1. General Provisions; 2. Preparation and performance of construction and assembling works; 3. New construction. Building site organization; 4. Demolition (dismantling) of buildings and structures; 5. Rules of preparation for acceptance and commissioning of completed residential buildings.
The prospects for the further development of the system of standardization of construction operations management are outlined

The article covers the operation of special economic zones ("SEZ") in the countries that feature different levels of economic development (including Ghana, China, Bulgaria, the USA and Russia), principal provisions and special entrepreneurial environment, as well as the variety of SEZ depending on the objectives of their setup.
Problems of management of items of real estate within territories of SEZ are identified. The authors also analyze peculiarities of establishment and operation of SEZ in the Russian Federation and propose an economic mechanism to boost their competitiveness.
The authors conclude that there is a pressing need for a qualitative reconsideration of approaches to the management of SEZ and their constituent elements that have to ensure a scalable and highly efficient application of SEZ as an instrument of innovative development in various fields and a solution to basic economic and social problems.

Several approaches that underlie urban politics are discussed in the paper. They include neo-liberalism, political economy discourse, elitist/pluralist debates, and postmodernism. The neoliberal approach focuses on the limited role of the state and individual responsibility. The legal framework protects both the rights and responsibilities of individuals and regulates the operation of the market. It is the market that fosters individual choices and provides goods and services by virtue of the processes which are flexible, efficient and transparent.
The political economy approaches (regulation theory, public choice theory, neo-Marxism) explain urban politics via the analysis of national and international economic processes and changes in contemporary capitalism. Changes in national and international economies determine what solutions are possible. The discourse has been influenced by the debate on globalization of capital and labour markets.
Modern elitism and neopluralism are represented by theories of "growth machines" and "urban regimes". The former focuses on bargaining alliances between political and business leaders in order to manage the urban system and to promote its growth. The latter develops neopluralist explanations of power within local communities with an emphasis on the fragmented nature of the government where local authorities lack comprehensive governing powers.
Postmodernism views the city as the site of the crisis of late capitalism which leads to segregation of neighbourhoods onto prosperous areas and ghettoes. In contrast to the modern city, the postmodern city is not defined by its industrial base; rather, it is determined by its consumerist environment of malls and museums, characterized by revivalist architecture. At the same time, the suburban shopping mall and a motorway network make nonsense of the idea of the city as a unique and well-defined space.
These and other approaches encompass a wide spectrum of possibilities in the study of urban and regional politics in relation to the Russian context. In the recent two decades, several studies of the power of urban and regional communities (A. Chirikova, N. Lapina, V. Gel'man, D. Seltser, D. Tev) show that it can contribute for a better understanding of the Russian local politics and government.

The methodology of research of organizational and economic drivers of development of the civil engineering industry represents a cluster of interrelated methods, techniques, procedures, algorithms and models that shape up the basis for the development and implementation of effective management actions impacted by intrinsic fluctuations of the civil engineering industry, the local legislation, national and global economies. The proposed method contributes to the improvement of sustainability of construction companies and the construction industry. It also facilitates an inflow of capital into the investment sector of the construction industry and accelerates the economic growth of Russia.
The proposed methodology is based on a synthesis of several scientific theories, such as the evolutionary theory, the theory of self-organization (the synergetic theory, the theory of changes and the catastrophe theory), the theory of cyclical development, the systems theory, the organizational theory, the institutional theory, and the pricing theory.
There are many potential patterns of the system development; however, the awareness of the resonant excitation, feedback and the cumulative effect make it possible to predict the most probable changes. Random fluctuations are also exposed to these effects.
Implementation of the proposed methodology makes it possible to generate science-based management solutions that ensure the development and implementation of effective management procedures.

Objective processes that have been underway in the community cause significant changes in the economic development of Russia. The country has witnessed growth of its high-tech industries, driven by the need to implement large-scale modernization projects involving its production facilities. This effort requires accelerated update of its range of products.
Statistics demonstrates that metal processing factories supplied enough metal to construct the total floor area of about 2,000,000 m2 in 2010.
Design of any structures requires structural engineering skills and awareness of related industries. So, for example, essential influence is produced by the economic component. The main factors influencing selection of the optimal option include the metal consumption rate, structure of costs and labour input. Design projects that do not constitute any ambiguity in terms of selecting optimum indicators are frequent. Therefore, each case needs identification of the main factors of impact.
It is noteworthy that this problem enjoyed much attention back in the past when the country suffered from steel deficit, and metal processing plants could not keep up with the needs of consumers. This problem was dealt with by Y.M. Lihtarnikov, a Soviet scientist, who published his work "Variant design and optimization of steel structures" in 1979.
The authors employ the theoretical base developed by the scientist to perform their research into the optimum solutions to the problems of several types of metal joints.

The authors argue that the cluster-based power generation industry has a complex organizational structure. The elements of this structure must be responsive to advanced technologies and improved problem solving methods. The cluster-shaped structure makes it possible for small market players to make their contributions and to be successful in the market. Any organization, regardless of its size, can be highly effective if it employs advanced technologies and offers unique products. High efficiency of companies depends on the optimized use of limited resources. The basis of efficiency consists in the "proper planning", or clarity, understandability, changeability and controllability. Attainment of the above objective of high quality planning and control requires development of a detailed road map to mitigate errors and unconsidered collapses at the project development stage. Today the information-based model of a building and multi-dimensional design patterns make it possible to attain the major portion of objectives throughout the life cycle of any construction facility. This complex approach provides new opportunities in the use of information and makes it possible to project consumption of resources in respect of each process and the whole project. It ensures accurate project budgeting and timing with account for the restrictions imposed in the course of the project development and implementation.

The article covers a relevant issue - analysis of the system-evolutional paradigm and its impact on the improvement of the government regulation of the economy and self-regulation of
enterprises. Theoretical perception of the under-developed relationship between the government regulation of the economy and private self-regulation will contribute to the optimization of the economic mechanism functioning in the conditions of an economic crisis.
Having specified different economic, social, political, and spiritual sub-systems, the author concentrates on identification of dialectical interactions between the economic and political sectors of the public life. The article does not only identify the relations between the business interests of the market players and the government administration activities; rather, it demonstrates how the state as the main element of the political sub-system may actively influence the economic activities.
Having considered the essence of different models of regulation of economic phenomena, processes, activities and theories of A. Smith, J. Keynes and the concept of neo-conservatism, the author demonstrates the pattern of their influence produced on the present-day Russian economists. Some economists advocate the strengthening of the government regulation of the economy to be implemented by means of a systematic approach; others support self-regulation of enterprises.
Having analyzed the above theoretical points through the example of the construction industry as a fund-generating and social-oriented branch, the author substantiates the idea that in the present-day economic environment of Russia, Keynes' and neoconservative models should not be neglected. On the contrary, they are to be dialectically conjoined as a combination of the government regulation of the economy and self-regulation of enterprises.
At the end of the article, the author provides actions to improve the self-regulation of enterprises with regard to the construction industry as well as other branches of economy.

At present a territory is considered as the basis for effective socio-economical development of the region. However, special attention should be paid to the presence of available resources on the territory under consideration, as well as the conditions of their future development. The availability and/or the possibility of creating/upgrading the existing resources encourage today the accumulated potential of the territory. Potential of the area is a set of capabilities and different levels of impact on the total potential of the area and includes such resources as natural, human, investment, innovation, employment, scientific and technological, demographic, urban development, tourism, tax, financial, recreational, marketing, cluster and infrastructure, as well as other kinds of potentials. The prospects for the development of enterprises or their complexes determine the capacities of the territory, the basis of their operation being the location. In this connection it is necessary to consider the basic types of potential undertakings, which the article refer to: marketing, investment, innovation, employment, tax, industrial, economic, resources. For more exact information and accurate prediction each primary resource must include a group of elements. The number of analyzed resources, as well as their elements, is not limited. However an obligatory demand for including the resources or their elements in the list is their exceptional importance for the development of the subject. For efficient operation of enterprises or their complexes in a certain area it is necessary to identify the sources of coordinated development of land and property of the complex, the purpose of which is to obtain maximum benefit from the combination of "territory↔enterprise (s)". For this aim we suggest assessing the possibility of long-term development according to the following scenario: establishment of a list of core resources, having impact on businesses, identification of the components of each of them, identifying their importance to predict their changes. The received information is necessary for a more precise definition of business-building complex "territory↔enterprise (s)".

Integrated management system construction can be considered a way that transforms using business processes and information resources into final construction products. Autonomous system of quality management, environmental, health and safety organizations introduction usually lead to the accumulation of duplicate documents, which increase the time spent on processing and analysis as well as increase the financial costs of maintaining the operation of each of them separately. System integration allows reducing these costs and entailing the most obvious benefits: reduced volumes of documents; reduction of time spent on analysis; reducing the cost of audit and certification; involvement of all the employees of the organization; productivity growth; increasing the attractiveness for consumers; reducing the burden on administrative and executive devices; ensuring a high level of flexibility in the organization's management system in case of internal and external changes. Integration of quality management systems, environmental management and safety management systems, production and safety led to the possibility to establish such integrated management system in developing building companies, which allows establishing a unified management system, as an element of management of organization. The main drawback of the currently used standards and specifications is the lack of flexibility of their application, as well as the basic principles and approaches to their implementation. Thus, knowing about what the system should be, but not knowing how to create it, many organizations have to operate without methodological support. Absence of mandatory standards concerning integration of management systems creates opportunities for the existence of multiple options for interaction systems. Economic effects on the integrated management system is formed from three sources: the reduction of production costs by improving product quality and reducing defects and inconsistencies; reducing the cost of paying for sick leave, sanatorium treatment of employees, etc.; reduction of fines by environmental services, increase of sales and labour volumes by strengthening the competitiveness and sustainability of the products; possible increase in the price of manufactured products.

In the article the system processes of investment and construction activities (ISA) are considered as a set of economic space and time. The concept of economic space contains a generalized representation of the properties of technical and economic system in the initial state of its development. The space of investment and construction activities is a techno-economic system, the space, in which the movement is possible within the framework of sustainable development. A characteristic feature of economic space is its unity and indivisibility. The concept of economic space is closely related to the concept of economic time. The transition from one state of techno-economic system to another is described by the input and output variables. The task of ISA is to achieve optimal conditions for the rational use of system resources. The article identifies and discusses ISA subsystems and their interaction in the coordinate system. The space investment and construction activities encompasses a set of core and auxiliary processes, the behavior of techno-economic system, its mode of functioning in the context of sustainable development.

In the present time the necessity of quantitative evaluation of construction project efficiency is becoming increasingly current. It is connected with estimation of investment appeal of a project and with the necessity to estimate its organizational and technological level, and, as a consequence, providing the safety of a construction object. In the article the authors justify the necessity to form an instrument allowing to choose the optimal decision in the field of technologies and organization of construction works at arranging enveloping structures. The authors introduce and offer using organizational-technological potential of enveloping structures as a discrete indicator of the chosen organizational and technological solution. The future investigations will be aimed at database formation of organizational and technological potentials of completed projects. As a result the best values of the investigated potentials can be detached, that will lead to optimization of the terms and costs of the works during construction of multi-storeyed residential buildings.

The real estate sphere is capital intensive and more or less slowly renewable. It needs an efficient management, which requires constructive use of objective development laws, and this was repeatedly proved in practice. The development laws should be taken into account both while constructing the system of management and while providing its functioning. The article is focused on levels of real estate research which give the opportunity to theoretically summarize and identify methodological requirements, define target determinants, create models and technological integration, and also to approbate in practice the results of the research and verify or rebut the hypothesis. The different levels of abstraction in scientific researches, especially in such a large-scale sphere as real estate, allow implementing the deductive enlargement required for this sphere without loss of identity of regularities and notions. The systemic result of the authorial approach will be in the formation of methodological base containing the complete spectrum of instruments of real estate management.

N the conditions of economical instability accompanying the change of technological modes and generation of «economy of knowledge” the stable competitive advantages of organization may be formed only on an innovative basis. Implementation of innovations in equipment and technology is accompanied, and sometimes even reasoned, by organizational innovations, which are the basis of organizational development of modern enterprises. Although there is a sufficient number of investigations in the field, the problems of justification of the criteria and estimation of organizational innovations’ efficiency don’t have a generally accepted solution, which takes into account the specific character of this type of innovations.In the article the methods of efficiency estimation for organizational innovation on an enterprise are developed. The methods are based on multicriteria optimization of efficiency indicators of organizational communications, which are changing at implementing innovations. The communicational approach is justified, which is the basis for organizational innovations implementation in an enterprise as a social-econoomic system, the key criteria are identified and the algorithm for efficiency estimation for organizational innovations in frames of the communicative approach is developed. Application of the suggested methodological approach contributes to the reasoned planning and implementation of organizational innovations into an enterprise activity.

The accumulated experience of constructing technically complicated objects and the modern design technologies in general allow conducting deep analysis of construction technological solutions, though, during the project implementation there usually appears an objective necessity to substitute a wide list of technological equipment by the analogues with most close technological characteristics. In the production process it is a rather timeconsuming and organizationally complicated task, which is firstly connected with the choice of reliable supplier and contractor, logistic coordination, providing the purchase procedure. The enumerated factors critically influence the terms of energy project implementation.In the article special aspects of the construction of power engineering facilities is considered. The authors justified the necessity of the researches on the life cycle period related to preparation for construction operations, during which the project is influenced by a lot of negative factors and circumstances different in their form and intensity. The examples and the definitions of unforeseen events and circumstances, which can influence on the realization of the project, are given. The solution to the problem of risk management in the process of technological equipment supply during the construction of power engineering facilities is given. They allow implementing the goal function in the best way providing the required efficiency.