In the article the author underlines the importance of details (moulds and profiles) for the architects of previous times. The architects of the 17th-19th centuries expressed their creative and filosofic position choosing some concrete example of the great theorists of the past when constructing moulds and orders. We should note that the negative attitude to Classicism theory reasoned in the lack of investigations of the architectural details of the buildings of the 18th-19th centuries, in particular the ones in Saint Petersburg. At the present moment the interest to studying the architectural theories and forms is reappearing both in Russia and in Europe. The article considers the architectural moulds of the eighteenth century buildings of St. Petersburg, examples of their construction in each stylistic period. The analysis shows the significant differences of the Russian moulds drawings from the recommendations of classical treatises of the Renaissance and educational counterparts. The author offers the basic analysis of the characteristic features and data elements for each stylistic period in the architecture of St. Petersburg of the 18th century, as well as a unique handwriting of the architects who worked in that era.

The necessity to specificate the formation process of stress-strain state of buildings in the construction process is a new problem which requires including real production characteristics going beyond calculation models into calculation methods. Today the construction process lacks this specification. When mounting vibroisolators the stress-strein of a structure state is changing. The mounting method of vibroisolators is patented and consists in multistage successive compression loading of each vibroisolator with the constant speed and following fixation of this displacement. The specified engineering method of rubber-steel pads calculation in view of change of their form during deformation, nonlinearity, rheological processes is offered. Resilient pads look like rubber plates rectangular in plane reinforced on the basic surfaces with metal sheets. The influence of a time-variable static load and free vibrations of loaded pads are considered.

At the present moment prevention of emergencies of buildings and structures is still the priority direction of investigations in the construction branch. The statistics shows that the possibility of 25 crashes a year is 1,0, and in case of human losses - 0,3. The great number of these emergencies is of a progressive character, when a local crash leads to the crash of the whole construction or of the great part of its structures. We should note that also industrial buildings are among the buildings where major accidents happen. And their number is growing with every year. The following article examines the problem of progressive collapse in block coverings of industrial buildings when the failure of one truss results in the collapse of the entire block. The overview of experimental investigations of the construction elements of block coverings is carried out. The methodology of experimental investigations of block coverings under emergency influences is introduced. The following article also introduces the results of experimental investigations. The numerical modeling of the block covering model is introduced and the comparative analysis with experimental data is performed.

At the present time a great number of works have been published, in which the problems of numerical solution of geometrical nonlinear tasks of calculating different types of structures are considered. Nevertheless the problem of the certainty of the numerical solution of geometrical nonlinear tasks of rod structures deformation (large displacements) still provokes great interest. The quality of the solution for a certain task is proved only by the coincidence of the results obtained before using two different methods or with the experiment. The authors consider the numerical solution algorithm of geometrical nonlinear tasks of the deformation of hinged-rod systems (large displacements and turns) both in case of high and gentle loading basing on the finite element method in the form of classical mixed method being developed by the authors. Solving the problem of static deformation of a flat mechanical hinged-rod system consisting of two linear-elastic rods the authors show the simplicity and efficiency of the algorithm when finding all the range equilibrium system states. The quality of the solution is proved by the coincidence of the results in case of gentle and heavy loading of the system and with the results of other investigations.

At the present moment in Russia the construction of precast and cast-in-place frame buildings are widely spread in Russia. This technology is the most advanced because of the possibility of maximally efficient simultaneous use of the advantages of precast and monolithic housing construction with minimizing their disadvantages. At the same time the volume of the scientific researches on stress-strain state of cast-in-place and precast constructions is not enough to objectively evaluate the bearing capacity, rigidity and crack-resistance of such buildings. Cast-in-place and precast construction covers a considerable part in large-scale construction, but despite this, there is a great variety of gaps in the understanding of such construction performance. Reasoning from this fact, numerical and experimental research has been carried out on studying of the performance of longitudinal beam joint to column with a column in slab cast over precast joists.

Earthquakes can be very strong and can lead to significant damages. Effect of earthquakes depend on seismic action characteristics (intensity, spectral composition, etc.), foundation soil properties in region of construction, design and construction quality. In seismically dangerous regions structural calculations the current design standards suppose the use of the coefficient K1, which takes account the non-linear work of construction material and the allowable damages of structures. Our research shows that a stiffening core fails in case of intensive earthquake if the walls are designed according to current design standards. Thus, plastic deformations do not occur and develop in the supporting elements at the beginning of the process, so the lowering coefficient K1 should be disregarded. As stiffening core is projected with account for the reduction factor K1, the existing reinforcement is not enough for standing the emerging stress and its failure happens followed by a redistribution of the stress to frame columns. The columns are also projected with account for the reduction factor K1 and are not able to take such an increase stress beyond design. There is destruction of column frame and complete collapse of the building. So seismic resistance of bearing structures is reduced several times. The approach to estimating K1 must be responsible, based on the latest scientific research, which sometimes could not be done according to the acting design standards.

The equations describing stress-strain state of the majority of the calculation models in linear statement are considered in frames of the theory of elasticity (statics and dynamics) and thermoelasticity. These equations are defined in three-dimentional space or with account for symmetry in teo-dimentional space and are belong to complicated tasks of mathematical physics. The famous mathematicians and nechanics had already offered solutions for the simplest cases of such tasks. But it is impossible to solve the majority of tasks, especially the dynamic ones, using analythical solutions. In this work the authors deal with the modern methods for solving multidimensional problems of structural mechanics. The attention is paid to the methods of dimension reduction of the initial equations. The development and improvement of the method of lines is considered in detail, the shortcomings of the existing approaches are enumerated and the possible development direction of the method to the new task classes is offered.

Various defects, which occur because of the influence of different environmental factors become the reason for the emergencies of building structures. Monitoring of certain parameters of bearing structures in the process of their erection and beginning of operation will help detecting negative processes which may endanger mechanical safety of buildings. The authors offer the operating results of automated monitoring system of the bearing structures state of the ice arena “Shayba” in the Olympic park in Sochi during the earthquake which happened on December 23th, 2012. The arena was equipped with a dynamic monitoring system, which helped estimating the influence of a seismic occurrence on the building constructions, to make prompt conclusions on absence of damages of the bearing structures, get important data on the dynamic response of the structure.

In order to determine ice loads on the offshore oil and gas structures different ice information is required as an input data. At the present moment there is no unified generally recognized methodology for estimating ice loads and set the main ice parameters. In this relation there appears a question of the ice parameters which need to be investigated. The article attempts to analyze a variety of sources, including standards, on the subject of collection of ice information, required and sufficient for the calculation of ice loads. The article presents the basic steps in the planning of ice information collection, the list of main characteristics and parameters of ice, modern methods of observations and direct measurements of the ice, as well as the ways in which the field tests data of physical and mechanical properties of ice is processed. Particular attention is paid to the anisotropy of ice, integrated assessment of the strength of the ice field, as well as the variability of meteorological conditions.

In work the modeling of operational management of water lifting wells, which allow optimizing the operating modes of pump equipment is considered. The model of the indignant condition of the system with water supply mode from wells and hydraulic control of the operated throttles is assumed as a basis. As functional restrictions the balance of water streams through the system in general is used. The solution algorithm of the problem of a load flow in the field of management of water wells consisting of definition of preliminary control of the operated throttles is presented. According to the results of numerical modeling of water wells, throttle characteristics are constructed for the operated throttles established on the flow lines. The synthesis of throttle characteristics of the flow lines, allows exercising operational management of the water supply modes in the tank of clean water according to the set forecasts, shows a trajectory of transition of the system to a new state that is alternative of direct modeling.

The increasing traffic on the roads requires relevant technological planning, construction, reconstruction and re-equipment of the expanding network of filling stations. The basis for developing of these guidelines lies in the evolution of urban planning concepts and methods to determine the effective parameters of gas stations. This article describes various layout solutions of the fueling area of a station taking into account the main technical characteristics and regulatory requirements for the design, construction and operation of the station. Typical projects of one power station may be of various sizes, taking away residential areas under the land station changes depending on the layout and features host of technological equipment. Excessive area occupied by the service area leads to additional costs for construction, taxes, etc. For an overall evaluation of the effectiveness of the station operation, the paper proposed an integrated criterion of efficiency of layout solutions, considering both technical and economic indicators of the object functioning. In order to justify the effective layout fueling positions at the station the authors used a comparative analysis of the fueling areas and gas throughput for different number of zones and the method of placing fuel dispensers. According to the results of calculations the linear relationship was obtained between the number of columns and the size of the filling area of the station. As a critical metric in evaluating the effectiveness of various variants of layout solutions of a petrol station an assessment of its bandwidth we made. According to the results of calculations a single-row method of speaker placement on the station is more efficient than double-row or three-row ones.

Providing energy efficiency of newly designed buildings is an important state task which is considered in EPBD directive and the latest regulations on energy saving. Though reducing energy consumption of the existing building is not less important. The majority of the existing buildings had been built before the implementation of modern energy saving programs. That’s why the volume of energy consumption in the existing buildings is greater than in new buildings. In frames of the given investigation the author considers the problem of forecasting the payback period of investment into reduction of energy consumption in a building. The formula is offered for calculating the projected payback period in energy saving with account for capital costs, calculated or actual value of the achieved energy saving effect, rise in tariffs for energy sources, discounting of the future cash flows and the volume and time for return of credit funds. Basing on the offered calculation methods it is possible to compare the efficiency of different energy saving solutions.

The article considers the modern requirements for integrated management systems of a smart home. The authors propose a hierarchical classification of the levels of house automation, which allows allocating different levels of information transfer. The article considers the trends of development of information-measuring and control systems of intelligent buildings. The generalized scheme of information-measuring and control subsystems of an intelligent building are given. The energy-information model of the knowledge base of physical and technical effects described in the article allows developing a system of automated support of the conceptual stage of elements design in information measuring and control systems. With the help of this knowledge base the system allows dozens of times expanding the scope of knowledge actively used by specialists and two or three times reducing the time of creating new solutions by selecting the most efficient of the options and the underlying calculation of the essential characteristics of their conceptual models, which significantly reduces the number of created prototypes and field tests.

The choice and use of rational routes at strict observance of deliveries terms help to achieve not only minimization of operational expenses, but also to reduce commodity and production stocks in warehouses by 1,5...2 times. Therefore special relevance is gained by the works allowing precisely calculating the volumes of a cargo transportation, to count the quantity of transport units necessary for providing cargo flow, to define the rational routes of transportation, and also to reduce total costs of transportation. On the basis of the analysis of the known mathematical methods applied in transport logistics, the authors drew a conclusion that the route of freight delivery is estimated according to the distance passed by the vehicle. However the time of freight delivery depends not only on distance, but also on a set of other factors, such as vehicle type, road capacity, intensity of transport stream, weather conditions, season and others. For taking note of additional factors when optimizing a freight delivery route the method of analogy and similarity is used by the authors. The transportation parameters were estimated by analogy with an electric chain. For this purpose the authors entered the new concepts “fictitious distance” and “conductivity of the road”. The mathematical model allowing optimizing the organization of freight delivery taking into account not only distances, but also the probable speed of the vehicle movement depending on the road quality, intensity of transport stream and weather conditions is developed. Further development of the system of decision-making support while choosing the optimum route of cargo delivery is planned.