The article presents the formulation and solution of problems on quantitative estimation of foundation settlements by analytical method using Mathcad software and taking account the horizontal displacements of foundation soils. The design model of the Flamant-Frelich (the plane problem) and Boussinesq (the spatial problem), regarding the force applied to the surface of soil half-space are accepted as initial ones. The article concerns with the action of a uniformly distributed load on a strip with the width b = 2a, on the areas of circle and rectangle. The aim is to integrate basic settlements on these areas from the action of elementary forces. It is shown that a substantial part of foundation settlements can be formed by horizontal displacements of foundation soils. It is also noted that in the absence of volumetric deformation of the soil, foundation settlements is not equal to zero, which is not consistent with the method of determining the settlements without taking into account the horizontal displacements.

The present paper is concerned with the method, research objective and the results of numerical simulation of change of stress-strain behaviour of soil masses when constructing underground complex. In order to get consistent results of forecast, all major factors affecting the results of design studies have been taken into account, including spatial performance of soil mass, enclosure structure and an adjacent context area, phasing of construction, site investigation, initial stress-strain behaviour of soil mass and elasto-plastic strain of soils. The authors give assessment of influence of pit excavation and subsequent construction on a context adjacent area and construction of an underground railroad. Results of the studies show that the proposed construction of an underground complex on the Tverskaya Zastava square would not have a significant impact on the surrounding buildings and subway structures. The spreading of the subsidence crater around the excavating pit is projected by 30...80 m. The ground lift directly below the bottom of the excavation pit in the places of metro stations and transport tunnels will be about 0.1 cm.

Subject of research is the analysis of the dynamics of landslide processes on the example of Karamyshevskiy slope in Moscow. Objectives are to show that the method of correlation analysis using random functions can be used to analyze the dynamics of landslide processes along with other methods. The magnitude of the displacements of landslide points of Karamyshevskiy landslide, obtained from the data of geodetic monitoring (a total of 8 cycles of observations) serve as source material. Plans of isolines in space were constructed on the basis of these displacements. Applying the method of correlation analysis and having the necessary computational calculations, the estimates of the mathematical expectation for random variables, estimation of variance and correlation moments and estimating the standard deviations obtained normalized autocorrelation function, which is approximated by exponential function, were obtained. For clarity, the illustrations are given with isolines of displacements, the random graph function, the graph of the normalized autocorrelation function and the graph of the approximating function. The obtained exponential function allows to make some conclusions about landslide processes in Keramicheskiy slope: landslide displacement is continuing and will continue in the future. It is necessary to takes measures for engineering protection; approximation of the normalized correlation function of the form ρ = 0.9986е-3Е-04x allow to apply this approach to expectation values of the displacements of the landslide points. The study of landslide process at Karamyshevskiy slope by the method of correlation analysis using the random functions shows that this method can be used in the analysis of slope stability along with other methods. The method can be recommended for the analysis of the dynamics of landslides and other landslide slopes.

In the paper, the results of deformability study of agrillite claystones are used for determination of the Jointed rock model parameters. The number of stamp, pressuremeter and compressive tests allowed to research anisotropic deformability of argillite claystone in vertical and horizontal direction. The following problems were solved during the study: 1) the in-place and laboratory experiments to calculate the anisotropy coefficient were done for anisotropic agrillite claystones with both natural moisture and total water saturation; 2) the deformation parameters were determined and the numerical simulation of the stress-strain state of claystone in field tests was carried out with the use of Plaxis 2D software application; 3) the comparative analysis was done for calculated claystone deformation and the values obtained during the in-place tests. The authors proved that agrillite claystones shows two times less deformation under loading in the horizontal direction than vertically. The ratio is obtained to determine the parameters for numerical simulation of the Jointed Rock model used as a practical tool for analysis of stress-strain behavior of anisotropic soils. The authors provided a recommended practice for consideration of specific properties of argillite claystones when carrying out foundation works.

Almost all subsurface rocks used as foundations for various types of structures are stratified. Such heterogeneity may cause specific behaviour of the materials under strain. Differential equations describing the behaviour of such materials contain rapidly fluctuating coefficients, in view of this, solution of such equations is more time-consuming when using today’s computers. The method of asymptotic averaging leads to getting homogeneous medium under study to averaged equations with fixed factors. The present article is concerned with stratified soil mass consisting of pair-wise alternative isotropic elastic layers. In the results of elastic modules averaging, the present soil mass with horizontal rock stratification is simulated by homogeneous transversal-isotropic half-space with isotropy plane perpendicular to the standing axis. Half-space is loosened by a vertical alveole of circular cross-section, and virgin ground is under its own weight. For horizontal parting planes of layers, the following two types of surface conditions are set: ideal contact and backlash without cleavage. For homogeneous transversal-isotropic half-space received with a vertical alveole, the analytical solution of S.G. Lekhnitsky, well known in scientific papers, is used. The author gives expressions for stress components and displacements in soil mass for different marginal conditions on the alveole surface. Such research problems arise when constructing and maintaining buildings and when composite materials are used.

A flat statically determinate parallel-chord truss structure has a cross-shaped grid and rests upon two rigid pin-bearing supports. Loads in bars are determined in a symbol form using the method of joint isolation by the computer mathematics Maple system. The peculiarity of the considered truss structure is its external static indeterminacy. In fact, all efforts and reactions of supports can be determined from the equilibrium conditions. But the inconvenience is necessary to consider the equilibrium of all the nodes of the truss. The Ritter cross-section method is not applicable to this truss structure. The sections that cut the truss into two parts and pass through the three rods, here exist only for several rods of the extreme panels. The purpose of this paper is to calculate a truss structure with a different number of panels in analytical and numerical form. Finite element calculation method with the use of software LISA 8.0 is applied. It’s noted that a truss structure is kinetically changeable when the number of spans is odd. The corresponding plan of probable velocities is given. In order to receive analytic dependence of deflection on the span number, the induction method and Maxwell-Moor formula has been applied. The operators of the compilation and solution of recurrence equations are involved in determining the general terms of the coefficient sequences. The formulas for calculation of loads in the most compressed bars of a truss structure were received.

N wide spread beams with hexagonal openings, the stress concentration level is rather high. Aiming to reduce the stress level by means of rounding corner openings brings to introduction of beams with sinusoidal perforation (BSP). However, the studies of stress level in such beams depending on perforation parameters are not known. Development of empirical relation for estimation of stress level in castellated beams with sinusoidal perforation was fulfilled on the base of analysis of the results of BSP calculation by the finite element method. Results of study have allowed to establish the empirical relation for estimation of distribution regularities of equivalent stresses on Mises in castellated beams with sinusoidal perforation useful for engineering calculations. The established relation differentiates the role of every force factor: transverse force V and constant bending moment M. Calculation of hinged beams are performed under action of one pointed load applied in the mid-span and also under simple bending. The developed relation allows to determine the level of stress build-up in perforated double-tee beams with sinusoidal openings under constant transverse force V and constant bending moment M. Application of established relation to calculation of stresses in beams with the same perforation pattern was verified when varying the height of openings. The value of rounding corner radius remained unchanged. FEM calculations have shown that under constant transverse force and lineally changing bending moment, the maximum values of equivalent stresses on Mises near the contour of openings along the beam length are also changing lineally. The obtained empirical relation, in spite of its simplicity, allows to estimate the level and stress buildup in the openings zone under constant transverse force and simple bending depending on parameters of beam perforation.

The influence and location of prestressed high-strength reinforcement without adhesion to concrete on the strength of a beamless floor panel is considered. The work is aimed at clarifying the methodology for calculating the strength of cast-in-situ beamless floor with mixed reinforcement, where reinforcement is used in a plastic shell of monostrend type without adhesion to concrete for the most complete use of the strength characteristics of the panel material. The aim of the study is to determine the level of influence and location of prestressed reinforcement without adhesion to concrete on the strength of a panel of cast-in-situ beamless floor, as well as comparison of the results obtained for the stresses of ropes in panels with contour and diagonal arrangement of prestressed reinforcement. The shape of the rope position is represented by a part of the parabola passing through the points of the rope support. On the support, the vertical and horizontal components of the reaction are determined by the longitudinal force in the rope and the exit angle of the guy rope. 9х9m cast-in-situ beamless floor panels in two variants were investigated: with diagonal and contour stressing steel. The values of increment in stresses in the ropes and the resulting values at various prestress and deflection levels, presented in the form of tables and graphs, have been calculated. According to the results of the study, the use of high-strength prestressed ropes without adhesion to concrete, as an additional working reinforcement, reduces deflections of the panels and lowers consumption of common reinforcement. The results indicate a relative decrease in efficiency of using rope strength along with an increase in the initial prestress level. From the point of ensuring load-bearing capacity, the contour positioning of ropes is preferable, due to more complete use of strength of high-tensile reinforcement. To meet the requirements of ultimate limit states, the establishment of the pre-stress level of ropes should be carried out taking into account probable achievement of the design stress in high-strength reinforcement .

Deposit welding is the application of a layer of metal on the surface of a product using fusion welding. In this paper, we consider the method of improving the technology of gas laser cutting, which makes it possible to achieve a high productivity of manufacturing a bimetallic tool. The present paper is concerned with the advantages of gas laser cutting which allows to consider this particular process of separating materials as highly-productive, low-waste, and advanced method of removing allowances of weld-deposit high-speed steel on the working surfaces of bimetallic tool. Urgency of the use of deposit welding and gas laser cutting to improve the efficiency of production of bimetallic tool is shown. The comparative analysis of gas-laser cutting and other cutting methods is given according to the geometrical parameters of cutting and surface quality. Analysis of the results of experimental studies has confirmed the high technological attractiveness and economic efficiency of manufacturing composite structures of punches and matrices when applying deposit welding of cutting parts with high-speed steels. The cost of dimensional processing of the welded cutting part is reduced by 4 to 6 times, while the manufacturing time is reduced by 6 to 12 times.

Possessing valuable operational properties, the vast majority of polymer composite materials (PCM) tend to ignite and spread the flame, the emergence of dangerous fire factors, leading to loss of life and property damage. The present article is concerned with influence of chemical nature and content of mineral fillers, phosphate plasticizers, bromine-containing fire-retardant agents, and dicyclopentadienyliron (ferrocene) derivatives on thermal fastness, flammability and smoke-generating ability of polymer composite materials. It’s shown that the main parameter defining the influence of mineral fillers on flammability of polymer composite materials is the specific amount of heat absorbed by fillers. It’s proved that bromine-containing fire-retardant agents increase smoke-generating ability of materials and allow obtaining low-flammable polymer composites with smoke-developed index not exceeding 500 m2/kg and high performance factors. The rational use of mineral fillers, bromine-containing fire-retardant agents, and ferrocene derivatives makes it possible to develop PCMs with reduced fire danger and high performance indicators.

In this article, the problem of utilization of drilling cuttings by means of scavenging, is researched. The product received could be used for the restoration of lands disturbed during construction and economic activities. When assessing technogenic formations, the binary approach was used, as a system of two components. The purpose of the study is to assess the state and possibility of utilizing drilling cuttings as raw materials in order to produce technogenic building materials; to study the effect of the degree of homogeneity of initial mixtures based on drilling cuttings, on kinetics of their hardening which leads to obtaining final products for various applications . As a result of research, relations of hardening and subsequent strengthening of slurry-cement mixtures were obtained; the plan of the process area for treatment of drilling cuttings is presented on the spot of demolished drilling pit.

In connection with increasing demand for providing quality medical services, the technologies and systems for safe work of personnel began actively developing in the world. Unfortunately, at the present day, physicians have to deal with the microorganisms of different danger level, therefore, for the purpose of safety of personnel and patients, the detailed analysis of air environment is needed as there can be a risk of introduction of infection for people. Currently, incidence rate conditioned by microbiological contamination of air environment of rooms remains at a high level. Prevention of disease dissemination is a basic task of the process of air discontamination. Air contamination provides the decrease of incidence of contagious diseases and complements the obligatory compliance with existing sanitary norms and rules for space planning, furnishing and maintenance, primarily medical and preventive ones. One of the ways of contagious diseases dissemination is aerogenous (respiratory), related to the main method of transmission of respiratory diseases, such as influenza virus infection, tuberculosis. It is related to the fact that airborne bacterial aerosol is constantly suspended in the air volume of rooms due to air motion (convections), that increases contamination rate.

The article considers the issues of safety of light-climatic environment during construction in restrained urban conditions. The purpose of the research is studying the methods of creating and designing urban development with improved technical and economic indicators which creates comfortable living conditions in an urban development. The sample calculation of insolation and natural lighting in a residential building is given, taking into account all the rules and regulations, the influence of a context area, its location and dimensions. According to the results of the study, natural lighting and duration of insolation in the premises of the residential building taken, fully comply with the requirements of the standards for natural lighting and insolation of residential buildings, which should ensure safe and comfortable living conditions. The given example of calculation can be used to enhance insolation mode and natural lighting in existing dense urban development with the provision of all the rules and regulations.

The paper provides an innovative hydromechanical solution of the problem of profiles development of pits and channels by impact of pulse (blasting) power load on a surface of homogeneous soil mass, for example, when excavating solid rocks, frozen soil, etc. Thus, soil would be considered as an ideal heavy liquid (disregarding its mechanical strength and plastic properties). The solution of this problem is achieved by the method of consecutive conformal mappings of physical flow region (in the form of Kirchhoff complex) on the region of complex potential (in the form of a rectangle). Thus, the new technique of geometrical image generation of the latter in the presence in the flow region of a fixed point with discontinuous variations of pressure head-flow function and the direction of speed of flow and representation of an elliptic sine of Jacobi by means of elementary functions are used. The received analytical functional dependencies allow to determine an outline of a funnel of the soil ejection and all the required hydromechanical characteristics of flow (head-flow function, function of flow, speed of flow, etc.). Thus, the soil ejection funnel outline (for a benchmark problem) completely coincides with subproduct of the known rigorous solution of Lavrentyev-Kuznetsov.