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Korol’ Elena Anatol’evna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, Head of the Department of Housing and Utility Complex, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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Nikiforova Nadezhda Sergeevna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Honorary Builder of the Russian Federation and Moscow, Professor, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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In this article, methods of analysis of the improved designs of roofs of shallow underground structures are considered. Alternative methods to improve structural and technological solutions for covering underground structures arranged in an open manner are proposed. The developed design solutions are characterized by increased manufacturability due to reduction of labor costs owing to the use of low thermal conductivity concrete as a heat-insulating layer, which is monolithically connected during the manufacturing process with external layers of structural concrete because of the successive laying of these layers. To analyze the stress-strain state of roof’s structure and soil massif, a finite element method was used implemented in finite-element software packages. Subject: stress-strain state of structures of roofs of underground constructions built by an open method from different types of concrete with a monolithic bonding of layers. Research objectives: verification of finite element software packages used for analysis of the stress-strain state of soil massifs, as applied to multi-layer structures of roofs with a monolithic bonding of layers. Materials and methods: in our research, we used the methods of computer simulation of the stress-strain state of multi-layer bending structures of roofs from different types of concrete with a monolithic bonding of layers used in shallow underground structures. As for numerical software, the finite element software package ZSOIL was used. Results: in the article, we determine the rational areas of application of roof’s structures for shallow underground structures that are capable of sustaining vertical force loads and pressure from the ground massif. Structural and technological design solutions for roofs of underground structures, including the roofs of underground parking lots attached to the erected building, are characterized by low material consumption and increased manufacturability. Conclusions: for underground structures built in open excavation pits over which there are no aboveground floors, it is recommended to use multi-layer roof with a heat-insulating layer of concrete of low thermal conductivity as an alternative to traditional design solutions. Competitive structural and technological solutions of roofs and floors of shallow underground structures are obtained on the basis of computer simulation of stress-strain state using state-of-the-art finite element software.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.3.330-338
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Kostrikin Pavel Nikolaevich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Candidate of Economical Sciences, Associated Professor, Department of Construction Organization and Real Estate Management, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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Subject: synchronization implies that certain processes are brought to their execution that is either simultaneous or occurring with a constant time interval. However, according to the author’s opinion, substantiated in the article, in the process of integrated development of multifunctional urban environment, the concept of synchronization should be understood more widely, taking into account dimensions of the objects in relation to which the processes under study occur. Research objectives: formation of a coupled three-level model that compares the hierarchy of urban environment development (urban-block - quarter - micro-district) to three different development technologies implemented by various entities of investment and construction activity. Materials and methods: method of comparative analysis. Results: the resulting model, structured in the form of three interrelated subproblems described in the work, is proposed by the author as a tool for analyzing adopted and proposed variants for state participation in the development of multifunctional urban environment. Conclusions: the proposed three-level model of synchronization of the processes of integrated development of multifunctional urban environment adequately reflects economic and other relationships established in this field between the participants of the town-planning activity and can be successfully used.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.3.339-348
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Shushunova Natalia Sergeevna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Postgraduate Student, Department of Housing and Communal Utility, Research Scientist of the National Standards of Green Construction Laboratory, Assistant of the Department of Environmental Engineering, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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Subject: the subject of the study is technological parameters of the construction of roof structures with greenery. At present, the problems associated with the study of technical and technological parameters in the design of non-traditional energy-saving engineering systems, as well as their influence on the state of the housing and communal complex, have not been sufficiently studied. Research objectives: in order to reduce the labor costs in the construction of the roofing, reduce the time required to carry out repair and restoration work and ensure the quality of the roof’s operational usability, several variants of inverted roofing with greening were considered, and the best variant of energy-efficient structure and technology of erecting green roofing was identified. For modern buildings, with the use of advanced construction technologies, compliance with criteria of high constructive quality, manufacturability, and durability of building materials must be met. Materials and methods: the research uses methods of mathematical modeling, as well as modeling of technological processes in software environments. Results: based on the analysis of technological characteristics, it is established that among the technological processes and operations with different options for erecting green roofing systems, the best variant is the inverted “green” roofing with the use of modular structures. The labor intensity of erecting this roofing is 47.13 man-days, which is 38 % lower than in alternative versions, and the total duration of the roofing construction is 17 days, which is almost twice less than that in analogous designs. The use of modular technologies in greenery systems, the improvement of technological processes of erection of roofing with greenery systems are aimed at reducing the labor intensity of works and reducing the duration of construction, and in addition, implementation of innovative technologies contributes to an increase of the service life of the roofing and a longer operation of the object of construction (by 20-30 %). Conclusions: the use of rational technologies in the construction of roofing with greenery systems is the most effective solution, as the labor intensity of technological processes is reduced when constructing roofs with greenery systems in comparison with traditional types of roofs, and during the roof operation, the development of functional purpose is ensured.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.3.349-355