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Vestnik MGSU 2014/5

DOI : 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5

Articles count - 22

Pages - 183

Modern scientific journal of the new generation and best academic traditions

  • Goryacheva Ol'ga Evgen'evna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Deputy Director, MISI - MGSU Publishing house, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 5-6

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ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT. RESTRUCTURING AND RESTORATION

Logic of historical development of the formation process of architectural and construction solutions

  • Baranov Valeriy Aleksandrovich - Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU) Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Theory of Buildings and Structures, Far Eastern Federal University (FEFU), 8 Sukhanova str., Vladivostok, 690950, Primorsky Krai, Russian Federation; +7(423) 245-20-10; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 7-15

In research field of development processes of architectural and construction decisions (ACD) there is already very considerable scientific, normative and technical material. And still in the end of the research boom in this area (the 90th) many authors stated their weak return in practical design. High methodological potential gives understanding of the act of ACD formation as a special kind of activity, and its structure - as historical phenomenon that allows to put two main methodological principles in the basis of the research: the principle of activity and the principle of level organization of historically formed objects. As a result it was succeeded to reveal 6 main stages of historical development of ACD formation process and 6 levels of its modern organization. Origin stage - is the transition from animal to human construction and emergence of the first stage of ACD formation - a measurement. The reproductive stage is characterized by centuries-old reproduction of steady volume forms of constructions. At a composite stage professional presentation detaches external form of a construction from architectural and construction actions and techniques. There occurs transformation into a subject of architectural and construction activity and creation of a method of composition on this basis. At a constructive stage engineers are involved in construction process, there is a change of style of thinking, emergence of construction designs and emergence of a new function of ACD means of configuration, and, at last, final allocation and separation of architectural and construction design from construction. Technological stage is a product of industrialization of construction on which systematization is carried out not only on the level of subject, but also in respect to the operational contents that leads to emergence of ACD program formation. At the sixth, methodological stage of development of ASP, a leading way change of the ACD formation becomes a necessary condition of its working implementation, and so-called "designing designing" becomes its necessary stage. Achievements of each of the revealed stages don't disappear, and pass into a new stage of development as a subordinated level, carrying out the certain function available to its opportunities. Each subsequent level differs from the previous one, first, in the wider covered subject content of activity of ACD formation, secondly, increase in the depth of penetration into ACD problem, and, thirdly, the contents, which is meant by the concept "architectural and construction solution" at each level.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.7-15

References
  1. Ribo T. Tvorcheskoe voobrazhenie [Artistic Imagination]. Saint Petersburg, Yu.N. Erlikh Publ., 1901, 327 p.
  2. Engel'meyer P.K. Tvorcheskaya lichnost' i sreda v oblasti tekhnicheskikh izobreteniy [Creative Personality and Environment in the Field of Technical Inventions]. Saint Petersburg, Obrazovanie Publ., 1911, 116 p.
  3. Prokhorov A.F. Konstruktor i EVM [Designer and Computer]. Moscow, Mashinostroenie Publ., 1987, 272 p.
  4. Lewis Henry Morgan. Houses and House-Life of the American Aborigines. Chicago, Illinois, University of Chicago Press, 1965, 319 p.
  5. Tsirkunov V.Yu. O proiskhozhdenii zodchestva [On the Origin of Architecture]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1965, 216 p.
  6. Leont'ev A.N. Problemy razvitiya psikhiki [Problems of Mental Evolution]. 4th edition. Moscow, Moscow State University Publ., 1981, 584 p.
  7. Vitruviy Mark Pollion. Desyat' knig ob arkhitekture [Ten Books on Architecture]. Translation from Latin. Leningrad, OGIZ Publ., 1936, 344 p.
  8. Kartsev V.P., Khazanovskiy P.M. Stikhiyam ne podvlasten [Not Subject to Elements]. Moscow, Znanie Publ., 1975, 176 p.
  9. Gidion Z. Prostranstvo, vremya, arkhitektura [Space, Time, Architecture]. Translation from German, Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1977, 567 p.
  10. José Ortega y Gasset. Meditación de la Técnica. Barcelona, Espasa-Calpe, S.A., 1965, p. 141.
  11. Volchok Yu.P., Kirichenko E.I., Kozlovskaya M.A., Smurova N.A. Konstruktsiya i arkhitekturnaya forma v russkom zodchestve XIX — nachala XX vv. [Structure and Architectural Form in Russian Architecture of the 19th — Beginning of the 20th Century]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1977, 176 p.
  12. Ivanov B.I., Cheshev V.V. Stanovlenie i razvitie tekhnicheskikh nauk [Establishment and Development of Technical Sciences]. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1977, 264 p.
  13. Archer L.B. The Structure of Design Processes. Royal College of Art, London, 1968, 200 p.
  14. Jones J. Christopher. Designing Designing. Forthcoming from the Architecture. Design and Technology Press, London, 1990.
  15. Shchedrovitskiy G.P. Printsipy i obshchaya skhema metodologicheskoy organizatsii sistemno-strukturnykh issledovaniy i razrabotok [Principles and General Scheme of Methodological Organization of Systems and Structures Investigations and Solutions]. Sistemnye issledovaniya. Metodologicheskie problemy [System Investigations. Methodological Problems]. Moscow, 1981, pp. 193—227.

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DESIGNING AND DETAILING OF BUILDING SYSTEMS. MECHANICS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Axisymmetric bending of a round elastic plate in case of creep

  • Andreev Vladimir Igorevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, corresponding member of Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, chair, Department of Strength of Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Yazyev Batyr Meretovich - Rostov State University of Civil Engineering (RSUCE) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chair, Depart- ment of Strength of Materials; +7 (863) 201-91-09, Rostov State University of Civil Engineering (RSUCE), 162 Sotsialisticheskaya St., Rostov-on-Don, 344022, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Chepurnenko Anton Sergeevich - Don State Technical University (DGTU) Candidate of Engineering Science, teaching assistant of the strength of materials department, Don State Technical University (DGTU), 162 Sotsialisticheskaya str., Rostov-on-Don, 344022; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 16-24

In the article the problem of bending of circular axially loaded flexible plate during creep was solved. The solution is reduced to a system of two nonlinear differential equations. These equations are suitable for arbitrary dependencies between tensions and creep deformations. The system was solved by the method of successive approximations in conjunction with the finite difference method. Calculations were performed with the help of software package Matlab. We considered round rigidly clamped along the contour plate, which was loaded by the load uniformly distributed over the area. Polymer EDB-10 was taken as a material, which obeys the Maxwell-Gurevich physical law. Creep strains at each point of time were found using linear approximation. In order to verify the correctness of the program, we compared the elastic solution with the result of Professor A. Volmir. He solved this problem by the method of Bubnov-Galerkin only taking into account the geometric nonlinearity. Our results are in good agreement with the solution of. A. Volmir.It is revealed that the calculation excluding geometric nonlinearity gives high values of deflections. The analysis of the equations for t→∞ showed that in linear geometric theory stresses across the thickness of the plate at the end of the creep change linearly. Also the formula for long cylindrical rigidity was obtained. This formula allows us to find the deflection at the end of the creep process, if we know the elastic solution. It is shown that long cylindrical rigidity depends not only on the long elastic modulus v , but also on short elastic modulus v and Poisson's ratio v . It was also found out that in case of high loads stress distribution across the thickness is nonlinear.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.16-24

References
  1. Rabotnov Yu.N. Polzuchest' elementov konstruktsiy [Creep of Structural Elements]. Moscow, Nauka Publ. 1966, 752 p.
  2. Bazhanov V.L., Gol'denblat I.I., Kopnov V.A., Pospelov A.O., Sinyukov A.M. Plastinki i obolochki iz stekloplastikov [Plates and Shells of Fiberglass]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1970, 408 p.
  3. Teregulov I.G. Izgib i ustoychivost' tonkikh plastin i obolochek pri polzuchesti [Bending and Stability of Thin Plates and Shells under Creep]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1969, 206 p.
  4. Kachanov L.M. Teoriya polzuchesti [Creep Theory]. Fizmatgiz, 1960, 680 p.
  5. Nemirovskiy Yu.V., Yankovskiy A.P. Ravnonapryazhennoye armirovaniye metallokompozitnykh plastin pri ustanovivsheysya polzuchesti [Equal-stress Reinforcement of Metal Composite Plates at Steady Creep]. Problemy prochnosti i plastichnosti [Problems of Strength and Plasticity]. 2007, vol. 69, pp. 70—78.
  6. Lellep Ya. Ustanovivshayasya polzuchest' kruglykh i kol'tsevykh plastin, vypolnennykh iz raznomodul'nogo neuprugogo materiala [Steady Creep of Round and Circular Plates Made of Inelastic Multimodulus Material]. Uchenye zapiski Tartuskogo universiteta [Teaching Notes of Tartu University]. 1974, no. 342, pp. 323—333.
  7. Belov A.V., Polivanov A.A., Popov A.G. Otsenka rabotosposobnosti mnogosloynykh plastin i obolochek s uchetom povrezhdayemosti materialov vsledstviye polzuchesti i vysokotemperaturnoy vodorodnoy korrozii [Assessment of Performance of Multi-layer Wafers and Shells Based on Damage of Materials due to Creep and High-temperature Hydrogen Corrosion]. Sovremennyye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya [Contemporary Problems of Science and Education]. 2007, no. 4, pp. 80—85.
  8. Andreev V.I., Yazyev B.M., Chepurnenko A.S. On the Bending of a Thin Plate at Nonlinear Creep. Advanced Materials Research. 2014, vol. 900, pp. 707—710. Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
  9. Altenbach H., Morachkovsky O., Naumenko K., Sychov A. Geometrically Nonlinear Bending of Thin-walled Shells and Plates under Creep-damage Conditions. Archive of Applied Mechanics. 1997, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 339—352. DOI: 10.1007/s004190050122.
  10. Altenbach H., Naumenko K. Creep Bending of Thin-walled Shells and Plates by Consideration of Finite Deflections. Computational Mechanics. 1997, no. 19(6), pp. 490—495. DOI: 10.1007/s004660050197.
  11. Altenbach H., Huang C., Naumenko K. Creep-damage Predictions in Thin-walled Structures by Use of isotropic and Anisotropic Damage Models. The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design. 2002, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 265—275. DOI: 10.1243/0309324021515023.
  12. Altenbach H., Altenbach J., Naumenko K. On the Prediction of Creep Damage by Bending of Thin-walled Structures. Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials. 1997, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 181—193. DOI: 10.1023/A:1009794001209.
  13. Vol'mir A.S. Gibkiye plastinki i obolochki. [Flexible plates and shells]. Moscow, Publishing House of Technical and theoretical literature, 1956, 419 p.
  14. Rabinovich A.L. Vvedeniye v mekhaniku armirovannykh polimerov [Introduction of Reinforced Polymers into Mechanics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1970, 482 p.
  15. Freydin A.S., Turusov R.A. Adgesionnaya prochnost’ materialov [The Adhesion Strength of Materials]. Мoscow, 1976, 238 p.

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Stiffeners in variational-difference method for calculating shells with complex geometry

  • Ivanov Vyacheslav Nikolaevich - Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Strength of Materials and Constructions, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (PFUR), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Kushnarenko Ivan Valer'evich - Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (PFUR) postgraduate student, Department of Strength of Materials and Constructions, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (PFUR), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 25-34

We have already considered an introduction of reinforcements in the variational-difference method (VDM) of shells analysis with complex shape. At the moment only ribbed shells of revolution and shallow shells can be calculated with the help of developed analytical and finite-difference methods. Ribbed shells of arbitrary shape can be calculated only using the finite element method (FEM). However there are problems, when using FEM, which are absent in finite- and variational-difference methods: rigid body motion; conforming trial functions; parameterization of a surface; independent stress strain state. In this regard stiffeners are entered in VDM. VDM is based on the Lagrange principle - the principle of minimum total potential energy. Stress-strain state of ribs is described by the Kirchhoff-Clebsch theory of curvilinear bars: tension, bending and torsion of ribs are taken into account. Stress-strain state of shells is described by the Kirchhoff-Love theory of thin elastic shells. A position of points of the middle surface is defined by curvilinear orthogonal coordinates α, β. Curved ribs are situated along coordinate lines. Strain energy of ribs is added into the strain energy to account for ribs. A matrix form of strain energy of ribs is formed similar to a matrix form of the strain energy of the shell. A matrix of geometrical characteristics of a rib is formed from components of matrices of geometric characteristics of a shell. A matrix of mechanical characteristics of a rib contains rib’s eccentricity and geometrical characteristics of a rib’s section. Derivatives of displacements in the strain vector are replaced with finite-difference relations after the middle surface of a shell gets covered with a grid (grid lines coincide with the coordinate lines of principal curvatures). By this case the total potential energy functional becomes a function of strain nodal displacements. Partial derivatives of unknown nodal displacements are equated to zero in order to minimize the total potential energy. As an example a parabolic-sinusoidal shell with a stiffened hole is analyzed. It is shown that ribs have generally beneficial effect to the zone of the opening: cause a reduction in a modulus of a stress, but an eccentricity affects differently, so material properties and design solutions should be taken into account in an analysis.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.25-34

References
  1. Bradshaw R., Campbell D., Gargari M., Mirmiran A., Tripeny P. Special Structures: Past, Present, and Future. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2006, vol. 128, no. 6, pp. 691—709. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2002)128:6(691).
  2. Krivoshapko S.N. O vozmozhnostyakh obolochechnykh sooruzheniy v sovremennoy arkhitekture i stroitel'stve [On Possibilities of Shell Structures in Modern Architecture and Construction]. Stroitel'naya mekhanika inzhenernykh konstruktsiy i sooruzheniy [Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Structures]. 2013, no. 1, pp. 51—56.
  3. Ivanov V.N., Krivoshapko S.N. Entsiklopediya analiticheskikh poverkhnostey [Encyclopedia of Analytical Surfaces]. Moscow, URSS Publ., 2010, 560 p.
  4. Zarutskii V.A. The Theory and Methods of the Stress — Strain Analysis of Ribbed Shells. International Applied Mechanics. 2000, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 1259—1283. DOI: 10.1023/A:1009408415517.
  5. Karpov V.V. Prochnost' i ustoychivost' podkreplennykh obolochek vrashcheniya: v 2 ch. Chast' 1. Modeli i algoritmy issledovaniya prochnosti i ustoychivosti podkreplennykh obolochek vrashcheniya [Strength and Stability of Stiffened Shells of Revolution, in 2 Parts, Part 1: Research Models and Algorithms of Strength and Stability of Stiffened Shells of Revolution]. Moscow, FIZMATLIT Publ., 2010, 288 p.
  6. Bushnell D., Almroth Bo O., Brogan F. Finite-difference Energy Method for Nonlinear Shell Analysis. Computers & Structures. 1971, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 361—387. DOI: 10.1016/0045-7949(71)90020-4.
  7. D'yakov I.F., Chernov S.A. K raschetu obolochki, ukreplennoy tonkostennymi sterzhnyami [Counting of the Envelope Strength Reinforced by Thin-walled Rods]. Avtomatizatsiya i sovremennye tekhnologii [Automation and Modern Technologies]. 2008, no. 1, pp. 16—20.
  8. Sinha G., Sheikh A.H., Mukhopadhyay M. A New Finite Element Model for the Analysis of Arbitrary Stiffened Shells. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 1992, vol. 12, no. 3—4, pp. 241—271. DOI: 10.1016/0168-874X(92)90036-C.
  9. Savula Y.H., Jarmai K., Mukha I.S. Analysis of Shells Reinforced by Massive Stiffening Ribs. International Applied Mechanics. 2008, vol. 44, no. 11, pp. 1309—1318. DOI:10.1007/s10778-009-0137-3.
  10. Bouberguig A., Jirousek J. A Family of Special-purpose Elements for Analysis of Ribbed and Reinforced Shells. Computers & Structures. 1980, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 253—264. DOI: 10.1016/0045-7949(80)90012-7.
  11. Abdyushev A.A. The Principle of Constructing a Computation Model of Equilibrium Ribbed Stiffened Shells in Linear Displacement-based FEM Analysis. Russian Aeronautics (IzVUZ). 2013, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 117—125. DOI: 10.3103/S1068799813020025.
  12. Yang Henry T.Y., Saigal S., Masud A., Kapania R.K. A Survey of Recent Shell Finite Elements. Int. J. for Numerical Methods in Eng. 2000, vol. 47, no. 1—3, pp. 101—127. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0207(20000110/30)47:1/3<101::AID-NME763>3.0.CO;2-C.
  13. Golovanov A.I., Tyuleneva O.N., Shigabutdinova A.F. Metod konechnykh elementov v statike i dinamike tonkostennykh konstruktsiy [Finite Elements Method in the Static and Dynamic of the Thin-shell Constructions]. Moscow, FIZMATLIT Publ., 2006, 392 p.
  14. Ivanov V.N., Krivoshapko S.N. Analiticheskie metody rascheta obolochek nekanonicheskoy formy [Analytical Methods for Calculation of Shells of Non-canonical Forms]. Moscow, RUDN Publ., 2010, 542 p.
  15. Kushnarenko I.V. Uchet podkrepleniy pri raschete obolochek varitsionno-raznostnym metodom [An account of reinforcements in a shell analysis by variational-difference method]. Stroitel'naya mekhanika inzhenernykh konstruktsiy i sooruzheniy [Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Structures]. 2014, no. 2, pp. 57—63.

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Calculation model of non-linear dynamic deformation of composite multiphase rods

  • Mishchenko Andrey Viktorovich - Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin) (NGASU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Structural Mechanics, Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin) (NGASU), 113 Leningradskaya str., Novosibirsk, 630008, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 35-43

The method of formulating non-linear physical equations for multiphase rods is suggested in the article. Composite multiphase rods possess various structures, include shear, polar, radial and axial inhomogeneity. The Timoshenko’s hypothesis with the large rotation angles is used. The method is based on the approximation of longitudinal normal stress low by basic functions expansions regarding the linear viscosity low. The shear stresses are calculated with the equilibrium equation using the subsidiary function of the longitudinal shift force. The system of differential equations connecting the internal forces and temperature with abstract deformations are offered by the basic functions. The application of power functions with arbitrary index allows presenting the compact form equations. The functional coefficients in this system are the highest order rigidity characteristics. The whole multiphase cross-section rigidity characteristics are offered the sums of the rigidity characteristics of the same phases individually. The obtained system allows formulating the well-known particular cases. Among them: hard plasticity and linear elastic deformation, different module deformation and quadratic Gerstner’s low elastic deformation. The reform of differential equations system to the quasilinear is suggested. This system contains the secant variable rigidity characteristics depending on abstract deformations. This system includes the sum of the same uniform blocks of different order. The rods phases defined the various set of uniform blocks phase materials. The integration of dynamic, kinematic and physical equations taking into account initial and edge condition defines the full dynamical multiphase rods problem. The quasilinear physical equations allow getting the variable flexibility matrix of multiphase rod and rods system.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.35-43

References
  1. Andreev V.I., Potekhin I.A. O sposobe sozdaniya optimal'nykh konstruktsiy na osnove resheniya obratnykh zadach teorii uprugosti neodnorodnykh tel [On the Method of Creating Optimal Structures Based on Solving Inverse Problems of Inhomogeneous Bodies Elasticity Theory]. Vestnik otdeleniya stroitel'nykh nauk [Bulletin of Civil Engineering Scientific Department]. 2007, no. 11, pp. 48—52.
  2. Andreev V.I. Optimization of Thick-walled Shells Based on Solutions of Inverse Problems of the Elastic Theory for Inhomogeneous Bodies. Computer Aided Optimum Design in Engineering. 2012, pp. 189—202. DOI: 10.2495/OP120171.
  3. Al'tenbakh Kh. Osnovnye napravleniya teorii mnogosloynykh tonkostennykh konstruktsiy [Main Directions of Multi Layered Thin-walled Structures Theory]. Mekhanika kompozitnykh materialov [Mechanics of Composite Materials]. 1998, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 333—348.
  4. Teters G.A., Kregers A.F. Mnogotselevoe optimal'noe proektirovanie kompozitnykh konstruktsiy. Obzor [Multi-purpose Optimal Design of Composite Structures. Review]. Mekhanika kompozitnykh materialov [Mechanics of Composite Materials]. 1996, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 363—376.
  5. Mishchenko A.V., Nemirovskiy Yu.V. Optimizatsiya sloistykh sterzhney pri var'irovanii geometricheskikh funktsiy naruzhnykh i vnutrennikh sloev [Optimization of Layered Rods by Means of Geometrical Functions Variation of External and Internal Layers]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo [News of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction]. 2005, no. 3, pp. 19—24.
  6. Mishchenko A.V. Primenenie szhato-izognutykh sterzhney so smeshchennymi tsentrami secheniy v ramnykh konstruktsiyakh [Using Compressed-Bending Bars with Displaced Cross Section Centers in Frame Structures]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo [News of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction]. 2007, no. 6, pp. 4—11.
  7. Vasil’ev V.V. Klassicheskaya teoriya plastin — istoriya i sovremennyy analiz [Classical Plates Theory — History and Contemporary Analysis]. Izvestiya RAN. Mekhanika tverdogo tela [Journal of Russian Academy of Sciences. Mechanics of Solids]. 1998, no. 3, pp. 45—58.
  8. Piskunov V.G. Iteratsionnaya analiticheskaya teoriya v mekhanike sloistykh kompozitnykh sistem [Iterative Analytical Theory in the Mechanic of Layered Composite Systems]. Mekhanika kompozitnikh materialov [Mechanics of Composite Materials]. 2003, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 3—24.
  9. Baxter S.C., Horgan C.O. End Effects for Anti-plane Shear Deformations of Sandwich Structures. Journal of Elasticity. 1995, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 123—164. DOI: 10.1007/BF00042458.
  10. Cowper G.R. The Shear Coefficient in Timoshenko’s Beam Theory. Trans. of ASME. 1966, vol. E88, no. 2, pp. 335—340. DOI: 10.1115/1.3625046.
  11. Foraboschi P. Analytical Solution of Two-Layer Beam Taking into Account Nonlinear Interlayer Slip. J. Eng. Mech. 2009, vol. 135, no. 10, pp. 1129—1147. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000043.
  12. Karama M., Afaq K.S., Mistou S. Mechanical Behaviour of Laminated Composite Beam by New Multi-layered Laminated Composite Structures Model with Transverse Shear Stress Continuity. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 2003, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1525—1546.
  13. Ambarsumian S.A. Eshche odna utochnennaya teoriya anizotropnykh obolochek [Another Refined Theory of Anisotropic Shells]. Mekhanika polimerov [Mechanics of Polymers]. 1970, no. 5, pp. 884—896.
  14. Nemirovskiy Yu.V. Raschet i ratsional'noe proektirovanie derevyannykh sterzhnevykh elementov [Calculation and Rational Design of Wood Rods]. Sovremennye problemy sovershenstvovaniya i razvitiya metallicheskikh, derevyannykh, plastmassovykh konstruktsiy v stroitel'stve i na transporte: sbornik nauchnykh trudov III Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-tekhnicheskoy konferentsii [Contemporary Problems of Improving and Development of Steel, Wood and Plastic Structures in Construction and Transport: Collection of Scientific Works of the 3rd International Scientific and Technical Conference]. Samara, SamGASU Publ., 2005, pp. 247—251.
  15. Mishchenko A.V., Nemirovskiy Yu.V. Raschet i proektirovanie derevyannykh sterzhnevykh sistem s uchetom fizicheskoy nelineynosti [Analysis and Rational Designing of Wood Rod Systems with Regard for Physical Nonlinearity]. Stroitel'naya mekhanika i raschet sooruzheniy [Structural Mechanics and Analysis of Building]. 2007, no. 6, pp. 46—52.

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Problematics of stress-strain state research in units of metal structures

  • Morozova Dina Vol'demarovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Senior Researcher, Department of Architectural and Structural Design, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Serova Elena Aleksandrovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate student, Department of Architectural and Structural Design, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 44-50

The article describes the experimental methods of determining stress-strain state of elements and structures with a brief description of the essence of each method. The authors focus mostly on polarization-optical method for determining stresses in the translucent optical sensing models made of epoxy resins. Physical component of the method is described in the article and a simple diagram of a circular polariscope is presented, as well as an example of the resulting interference pattern in illuminated monochromatic light. A polariscope, in its most general definition, consists of two polarizers. The polarizers sandwich a material or object of interest, and allows one to view the changes of the polarity of light passing through the material or object. Since we are unable to perceive the polarity of light with the naked eye, we are forced to use polariscopes to view the changes in polarity caused by the temporary birefringence of our photoelastic materials. A polariscope is constructed of two polarizers, each set perpendicular to the path of light transmitted through the setup. The first polarizer is called the "polarizer", and the second polarizer is called the "analyzer". The method how the polarizer works is quite simple: unpolarized light enters the polariscope through the polarizer, which allows through only the light of its orientation. This light then passes through the material under observation, and experiences some change in polarity. Finally, this light reaches the analyzer, which, like the polarizer, only lets the light of its orientation through.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.44-50

References
  1. Morozova D.V., Serova E.A. Problema tekhniko-ekonomicheskogo obosnovaniya pri proektirovanii stykov metallicheskikh konstruktsiy [The Problem of the Feasibility Study in respect of Design of Joints of Metal Structures]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 12, pp. 219—223.
  2. Pisarenko G.S., Shagdyr T.Sh., Khyuvenen V.A. Eksperimental'no-chislennye metody opredeleniya kontsentratsii napryazheniy [Experimental and Numerical Methods for Determination of Stress Concentration]. Problemy prochnosti [Reliability Problems]. 1983, no. 8, pp. 3—6.
  3. Vayenberg D.V. Kontsentratsiya napryazheniy v plastinakh okolo otverstiy i vykruzhek [Stress Concentration around the Holes in the Plates and Fillets]. Kiev, Tekhnika Publ., 1969, 220 p.
  4. Kuz'min V.R. Metodika rascheta napryazhenno-deformirovannogo sostoyaniya v zonakh kontsentratsii napryazheniy po pokazaniyam tenzorezistorov [Method of Calculating Stress-strain State in the Areas of Stress Concentration According to Strain Gauges]. Svarka i khrupkoe razrushenie [Welding and Brittle Fracture]. Yakutsk, SO AN SSSR Publ., 1980, pp. 59—70.
  5. Savin G.N. Raspredelenie napryazheniy okolo otverstiy [Stress Distribution around Holes]. Kiev, Naukova dumka Publ., 1968, 887 p.
  6. Kasatkin B.S., Kudrin A.B. Eksperimental'nye metody issledovaniya deformatsiy i napryazheniy: spravochnoe posobie [Experimental Methods for Strain and Stress Study: a Reference Guide]. Kiev, Naukova dumka Publ., 1981, 586 p.
  7. Tareev B.M. Fizika dielektricheskikh materialov [Physics of Dielectric Materials]. Moscow, Energiya Publ., 1973, pp. 37.
  8. Strel'chuk N.A., Khesin G.L., Gubin F.F. Khesin G.L., editor. Metod fotouprugosti: v 3 t. T. 1. Reshenie zadach statiki sooruzheniy. Opticheski chuvstvitel'nye materialy [Photoelasticity Method. In 3 volumes. Vol.1. Solution of Construction Statics Problems. Optically Sensitive Materials]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1975, pp. 73—85.
  9. Demidov S.P. Teoriya uprugosti [Elasticity Theory]. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1979, 432 p.
  10. Zavalishin S.I., Marshalkovich A.S., Morozova D.V., Shaytan K.V. Primenenie polimernykh opticheski chuvstvitel'nykh materialov v model'nykh issledovaniyakh napryazheniy [Application of Polymeric Optically Sensitive Materials in Model Studies Stress]. Vestnik MGU [Proceedings of Moscow State University]. 1976, no. 2, pp. 28—31.
  11. Zhavoronok I.V., Sakharov V.N., Omel'chenko D.I. Universal'naya interferentsionnaya-polyarizatsionnaya ustanovka UIP dlya metoda fotouprugosti [Universal Polarization-interference Installation for UTI-photoelasticity Method]. Materialy VIII vsesoyuznoy konferentsii po metodu fotouprugosti [Materials of the 8th All-Union Conference on Photoelasticity Method]. Tallin, AN ESSR Publ., 1979, vol. 2, pp. 41—46.
  12. Patra A.S., Khare Alika. Issledovanie dvuluchevogo polyarizatsionnogo geterodinnogo interferometra [Studies of Dual Beam Heterodyne Interferometer]. Opticheskiy zhurnal [Optical Journal]. 2005, no. 12, pp. 25—28.
  13. Gdoutos E.E., Theocaris P.S. A Photoelastic Determination of Mixed-mode Stressintensity Factors. Experimental Mechanics. 1978, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 87—96. DOI: 10.1007/BF02325002.
  14. Perel'muter A.V., Slikver V.I. Raschetnye modeli sooruzheniy i vozmozhnost' ikh analiza [Calculation Models of Structures and Possibility of their Analysis]. 4th edition. Moscow, SKAD SOFT Publ., 2011, pp. 20—28.
  15. Doyle James F., Phillips James W., editors. Manual on Experimental Stress Analysis. Fifth Edition. Society for Experimental Mechanics, 2005, p. 5.
  16. Sanford R.J., Beaubien L.A. Stress Analysis of Complex Part: Photoelasticity vs. Finite Elements. Exper. Mech. 1977, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 441—448. DOI: 10.1007/BF02324666.

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Evaluation of frequency spectrum and main oscillation modes of box type multiple cross sections spans

  • Sokolov Oleg Leonidovich - Vologda State University (VSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chair, Department of Strength of Materials, Vologda State University (VSU), 15 Lenina str., Vologda, 160035, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Il'ichev Evgeniy Aleksandrovich - Vologda State University (VSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Strength of Materials, Vologda State University (VSU), 15 Lenina str., Vologda, 160035, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 51-56

From the viewpoint of mechanics the box span of trestle bridges is non-diaphragm prismatic shell of multiple cross section of average length. Though many problems of static analysis of such structures have been solved, the development of analytical methods of calculating non-diaphragm box type structures on the vibration is an urgent task. The presented method for analysis of free vibration of non-diaphragm spans of box trestle bridges of multiple cross sections is based on the variation theory of prismatic shells of average length by V.Z. Vlasov. In this method the discrete-continuum design scheme, in which the mass of the structure is reduced to its nodal lines, is used. Equations of free vibration are variation equations and represent the work of internal and external forces in the possible displacements. The possible displacements are determined by the static approximation. The order frequency equation, obtained by solving the equation system of free vibration, coincides with the number of the vertical walls of the box span. For a split design scheme span the frequency equation is algebraic, and its components are calculated in analytical formulas. The method is illustrated by free vibrations of non-diaphragm box spans with four cross sections. As a result, the solution frequency spectrum and modes of vibration were defined. The advantage of the presented method of calculation is that the components of the frequency equation are calculated in analytical formulas. This method helps to study free vibration non-diaphragm box spans of multiple cross sections depending on changes in the design parameters. Application of this method will reduce the time and improve the design quality, and also monitor the results of structures analysis prepared with the help of computer complex.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.51-56

References
  1. Luzhin O.V. Teoriya tonkostennykh sterzhney zamknutogo profilya i ee primenenie v mostostroenii [Theory of Thin-Walled Bars of Closed Section and its Application in Bridge Engineering]. Moscow, VIA Publ., 1959, 303 p.
  2. Vlasov V.Z. Tonkostennye uprugie sterzhni [Thin-Walled Elastic Bars]. Moscow, Fizmatiz Publ., 1959, 566 p.
  3. Il'yasevich S.A. Metallicheskie korobchatye mosty [Metal Box-Shaped Bridges]. Moscow, Transport Publ., 1970, 280 p.
  4. Gibshman M.E. Problemy proektirovaniya transportnykh sooruzheniy v gorodakh i na avtomobil'nykh dorogakh [Design Problems of Transport Structures in the Cities and on Motor Roads]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo i arkhitektura [News of the Institutions of Higher Education. Construction and Architecture]. 1978, no. 6, pp. 138—147.
  5. Vlasov V.Z. Tonkostennye prostranstvennye sistemy [Thin-walled Spatial Systems]. Moscow, Gosstroyizdat Publ., 1958, 502 p.
  6. Mileykovskiy I.E. Raschet obolochek i skladok metodom peremeshcheniy [Displacement Method of Shells and Folded Plate Analysis]. Moscow, Gosstroiizdat Publ., 1960, 298 p.
  7. Aleksandrov A.V. Raschet korobchatykh balochnykh proletnykh stroeniy po metodu peremeshcheny [Displacement Method of Box Type Beam Span Analysis]. Issledovaniya po teorii sooruzheniy [Theory of Structures Research]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ.,1965, no. 14, pp. 209—213.
  8. Kissing W. Zur Behandlung dunnwandig geschlossener Konstruktionen mit einer verallgemeinerten halbmomentenfreien Schalentheorit nach Wlassow. Technische Mechanik, Magdeburg, 1982, H. 1, Nr. 3, S. 67—70.
  9. Kissing W., Franzke H. Untersuchung zweizelliger dunnwandiger Kastentrager unter thermischer Belastung mit einem erweiterten halbmomentenfreien Schalenmodell. Schiffbauforschung, Rostock, 1983, Nr. 22, S. 10—15.
  10. Kissing W., Kaftan U. Anwendungndes halbmomentenfreien Schalenmodells auf temperaturfeldbelastete konische Kastentrager. Schiffbauforschung, Rostock, 1984, Nr. 23, S. 22—27.
  11. Altenbach I., Kissing W. Numerische Berechnung konischer dunnwandig geschlossener Konstruktionen. Schiffbauforschung, Rostock, 1985, Nr. 24, S. 33—35.
  12. Altenbach I., Kissing W. Statische und dynamische Analyse fur prismatitsche und nichtprismatische Kastentrager. Technische Mechanik, Magdeburg, 1986, H. 1, Nr. 7, S. 37—41.
  13. Sokolov O.L. Statika bezdiafragmennykh korobchatykh proletnykh stroeny mnogokontyrnogo secheniya [Statics of Non-Diaphragm Box Type Spans of Multi-Contour Section]. Vologda, VSTU Publ., 2013, 134 p.
  14. Sokolov O.L., Il’ichev E.A. Svobodnye kolebaniya korobchatykh proletnykh stroeny shirokih mostov-estakad mnogokontyrnogo secheniya [Free Vibrations of Box Type Spans of Broad Trestle Bridges of Multiple cross sectionsss]. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitelstvo [Industrial and Сivil Уngineering]. 2012, no. 6, pp. 50—51.
  15. Ignatiev V.A., Sokolov O.L. Thin-Walled Cellular Structures (Methods for Their Analysis). New Delhi/Calcutta, Oxford & IBI Publ. Co. PVT. LTD., 1999, 214 p.

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Analysis of stress-strain state on top of a rectangular wedge

  • Frishter Lyudmila Yur'evna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chair, Department of Higher Mathematic, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe Shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 57-62

Modeling singular solutions of the elasticity theory problems, which are determined by geometric factor - bird's mouth of the edge, make it necessary to analyze the solutions with some peculiarity, which are obtained experimentally with the help of photoelasticity method. In this article the peculiar stress-strain state is analyzed on the example of the known experimental solutions for a wedge under a concentrated force obtained by M. Frocht. Solution analysis for a wedge with a power-type peculiarity obtained experimentally by photoelasticity method, helps to detach a singular solution field, where fringe contour is not visible. Due to idealization of the boundary shape and loading technique, infinitely large stresses arise, which are obtained as a singular solution of the boundary problem in a planar domain. Comparison of theoretical and experimental solutions obtained for a wedge shows areas of overlap and areas of significant and insignificant differences as a result of the inability to experimentally apply the force to a single point.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.57-62

References
  1. Kondrat'ev V.A. Asimptotika resheniya uravneniya Nov'e — Stoksa v okrestnosti uglovoy tochki granitsy [Asymptotics of Navier — Stokes Equations Solutions in the Area of Angular Edge Point]. Prikladnaya matematika i mekhanika [Applied Mathematics and Mechanics]. 1967, no. 1, pp. 119—123.
  2. Kuliev V.D. Singulyarnye kraevye zadachi [Singular Boundary Problems]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2005, 719 p.
  3. Parton V.Z., Perlin P.I. Metody matematicheskoy uprugosti [Methods of Mathematical Elasticity]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1981, pp. 305—325.
  4. Timoshenko S.P., Gud'er Dzh. Teoriya uprugosti [Elasticity Theory]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1975, 576 p.
  5. Aksentyan O.K. Osobennosti napryazhenno-deformirovannogo sostoyaniya plity v okrestnosti rebra [Peculiarities of Stress-Strain State of a Slab near Arris]. Prikladnaya matematika i mekhanika [Applied Mathematics and Mechanics]. 1967, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 178—186.
  6. Vardanyan G.S., Savost'yanov V.N., Mozgaleva M.L., Frishter L.Yu. O sobstvennykh znacheniyakh v reshenii zadach dlya oblastey, soderzhashchikh neregulyarnye tochki [On Characteristic Values in Problems Solution for the Areas Containing Irregular Points]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo [News of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction]. 2003, no. 3, pp. 28—31.
  7. Williams M.L. Stress Singularities Resulting from Various Boundary Conditions in Angular Corners of Plates in Extension. J. Appl. Mech. 1952, vol. 19, no. 4, p. 526.
  8. Williams M.L. The Complex Variable Approach to Stress Singularities. J. Appl. Mech. 1956, vol. 23, no. 3, p. 477.
  9. Frocht M.M. Photoelasticity. J. Wiley and Sons, London, 1965.
  10. Khesin G.L. Metod fotouprugosti [Photoelasticity Method]. In 3 volumes. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1975, vol. 3, pp. 311.
  11. Frishter L.Yu. O vozmozhnostyakh polucheniya metodom fotouprugosti napryazhennogo sostoyaniya v oblasti kontsentratsii napryazheniy [On the Possibilities to Obtain Stress State in the Area of Stress Concentration by the Photoelasticity Method]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2008, no. 1, pp. 165—168.
  12. Krasnov L.A. Tsvetnost' izokhrom v fotouprugosti. Eksperimental'naya mekhanika i raschet sooruzheniy [Isochrome Firmness in Photoelasticity]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2004, pp. 49—62.

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BEDDINGS AND FOUNDATIONS, SUBTERRANEAN STRUCTURES. SOIL MECHANICS

Calculation of a multistoried building on the intensive earthquake taking into account the possibility of foundation soil fluidifying

  • Mkrtychev Oleg Vartanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, head, Scientific Laboratory of Reliability and Seismic Resistance of Structures, Professor, Department of Strength of Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), ; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Busalova Marina Sergeevna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate student, Department of Strength of Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 63-69

In the article the problem of calculation of the multistoried building on soil with nonlinear properties is considered. As a foundation model the Mor-Coulomb model is applied. This model meets the following main requirements: it is capable to represent the mechanism of deformation of soil realistically; it contains parameters, which can be defined from standard laboratory researches; it has a sinmilarity and simplicity of use from the computing point of view. In the article the influence of fluidifying foundation soil at intensive seismic effect is investigated. In case of strong influences the behavior of soil becomes nonlinear, and the problem of assessing the response of soil becomes significantly complicated: the response depends as on the structure, power and water saturation of soil layers, and on magnitude and frequency structure of seismic influence. At such influences the rheological properties of soil, which is often connected with ground water movements, change. The changes of a phase condition of soil when soil is diluted are possible. As a result, seismic fluidifying of soil is usually accompanied by severe accidents even on aseismic constructions: buildings manage "to drown" or warp. There are even emissions of the diluted soil on a surface, which lead to formation of sandy craters. The catastrophic fluidifying of the water-saturated dusty and sand soil, which has caused victims and huge economic damage, happened at two strong earthquakes of 1964: on March 27 at a coast of Alaska near Anchorage with M = 8,4, and on June 16 in Niigata (Japan) with M = 7,5. Researches are conducted with the use of direct dynamic methods of calculation realizing obvious schemes of integration of the equations of movement.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.63-69

References
  1. Mkrtychev O.V., Dzhinchvelashvili G.A. Raschet zhelezobetonnogo monolitnogo zdaniya na zemletryasenie v nelineynoy postanovke [Calculation of Reinforced Concrete Monolithic Building on Earthquake in Nonlinear Formulation]. Sbornik dokladov Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-metodicheskoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 100-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya V.N. Baykova. Moskva, 4-5 aprelya 2012 g. [Collected Reports of the International Scientific Conference Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of V.N. Baykov. Moscow, 4-5 April 2012]. Moscow, 2012, pp. 283—289.
  2. Mkrtychev O.V., Dzhinchvelashvili G.A. Otsenka nelineynoy raboty zdaniy i sooruzheniy pri avariynykh vozdeystviyakh [Evaluation of Nonlinear Operation of Buildings and Structures at Emergency Exposures]. Problemy bezopasnosti rossiyskogo obshchestva [Security Problems of the Russian Society]. 2012, no. 3, pp. 17—31.
  3. Mkrtychev O.V. Otsenka nadezhnosti mnogoetazhnogo zdaniya pri seysmicheskom vozdeystvii na osnove resheniya dinamicheskoy zadachi [Reliability Assesment of a Multistoried Building at Seismic Effect Basing on Dynamic Problem Solution]. Seysmostoykoe stroitel'stvo [Antiseismic Construction]. 2001, no. 2, pp. 33—35.
  4. Voznesenskiy E.A., Kushnareva E.S. Seysmicheskaya razzhizhaemost' gruntov. Inzhenernaya otsenka i klassifitsirovanie [Seismic Soil Liquefaction. Engineering Estimation and Classification]. Inzhenernaya geologiya [Engineering Geology]. 2012, no. 4, pp. 11—23.
  5. Tyapin A.G. Primer seysmicheskogo rascheta sistemy «sooruzhenie — osnovanie» dlya dvukhopornogo sooruzheniya [Example of Seismic Calculation of a System “Structure — Foundation” for Two-support Structure]. Seysmostoykoe stroitel'stvo. Bezopasnost' sooruzheniy [Antiseismic Construction. Safety of Structures]. 2012, no. 1, pp. 16—25.
  6. Strokova L.A. Opredelenie parametrov dlya chislennogo modelirovaniya povedeniya gruntov [Determination of the parameters for numerical simulation of soil behavior]. Izvestiya Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University]. 2008, no. 1, vol. 313, pp. 69—74.
  7. Pavlenko O.V. Uprugaya nelineynost' osadochnykh porod [Elastic Nonlinearity of Sedimentary Rocks]. Doklady akademii nauk [Reports of the Academy of Sciences]. 2003, vol. 389, no. 2, pp. 247—251.
  8. Pavlenko O.V. O nelineyno-uprugom povedenii gruntov pri sil'nykh zemletryaseniyakh [On Nonlinear-elastic Behavior of Soil at Intensive Earthquakes]. Nauka i tekhnologiya v Rossii [Science and Technology in Russia]. 2002, no. 7(58), 2003, no. 1(59), pp. 9—13.
  9. Konstantinova T.G. Razzhizhenie gruntov pri sil'nykh zemletryaseniyakh [Fluidifying of Soil at Strong Earthquakes]. Innovatsii v nauke: materialy XVIII Mezhdunarodnoy zaochnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Innovations in Science: Materials of the 18th International Virtual Scientific and Practical Conference]. Novosibirsk, Sibak Publ., 2013. Available at: http://sibac.info/index.php/2009-07-01-10-21-16/7625-2013-04-30-09-06-50.
  10. Khavroshkin O.B., Tsyplakov V.V. Nelineynaya seysmologiya: nekotorye fundamental'nye i prikladnye problemy razvitiya [Nonlinear Seismology: Some Fundamental and Applied Problems of Development]. Fundamental'nye nauki — narodnomu khozyaystvu [Fundamental Sciences to National Economy]. Moscow, 1990, pp. 363—367.
  11. Basu U., Chopra A.K. Perfectly Matched Layers for Transient Elastodynamics of Unbounded Domains. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 2004, vol. 59, no. 8, pp. 1039—1074. DOI: 10.1002/nme.896.
  12. Basu U. Explicit Finite Element Perfectly Matched Layer for Transient Three-dimensional Elastic Waves. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 2009, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 151—176. DOI: 10.1002/nme.2397.
  13. Herrera I., Bielak J. Soil-structure Interaction as a Diffraction Problem. Proceedings of the 6th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. New Delhi, India, 1977, vol. 2, pp. 1467—1472.
  14. Bielak J., Loukakis K., Hisada Y., Yoshimura C. Domain Reduction Method for Threedimensional Earthquake Modeling in Localized Regions, Part I: Theory. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 2003, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 817—824. DOI: 10.1785/0120010251.
  15. Yoshimura C., Bielak J., Hisada Y., Fernandez A. Domain Reduction Method for Three-dimensional Earthquake Modeling in Localized Regions, Part II: Verification and Applications. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 2003, vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 825—841. DOI: 10.1785/0120010252.

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TECHNOLOGY OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES. MECHANISMS AND EQUIPMENT

Thermal insulation properties of walls

  • Zhukov Aleksey Dmitrievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Composite Materials Technology and Applied Chemistry, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Bessonov Igor' Vyacheslavovich - Scientific and Research Institute of Construction Phisics of Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN) Candidate of Technical Sciences, leading research worker, Scientific and Research Institute of Construction Phisics of Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), 21 Lokomotivnyy proezd, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Sapelin Andrey Nikolaevich - Scientific and Research Institute of Construction Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN) postgraduate student, Scientific and Research Institute of Construction Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (NIISF RAASN), 21 Lokomotivnyy proezd, Moscow, 127238, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Bobrova Ekaterina Yur'evna - Higher School of Economics (HSE); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Economic Sciences, Director, Center for Low-rise Construction, Higher School of Economics (HSE); doctoral student, Department of Composite Materials Technology and Applied Chemistry, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), Higher School of Economics (HSE); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 20 Myasnitskaya str., 101000, Moscow, Russian Federation; 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 70-77

Heat-protective qualities of building structures are determined by the qualities of the used materials, adequate design solutions and construction and installation work of high quality. This rule refers both to the structures made of materials similar in their structure and nature and mixed, combined by a construction system. The necessity to ecaluate thermal conductivity is important for a product and for a construction. Methods for evaluating the thermal protection of walls are based on the methods of calculation, on full-scale tests in a laboratory or on objects. At the same time there is a reason to believe that even deep and detailed calculation may cause deviation of the values from real data. Using finite difference method can improve accuracy of the results, but it doesn’t solve all problems. The article discusses new approaches to evaluating thermal insulation properties of walls. The authors propose technique of accurate measurement of thermal insulation properties in single blocks and fragments of walls and structures.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.70-77

References
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  15. Malakhova A.N., Balakshin A.S. Primenenie stenovykh melkikh blokov iz yacheistykh betonov v nesushchikh stenakh zdaniy sredney etazhnosti [Using Small Cellular Concrete Blocks to Make Bearing Walls of Mid-rise Buildings]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 1, pp. 87—93.

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Methodical approaches to waste co-recycling technologies development

  • Pugin Konstantin Georgievich - Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Automobiles and Production Machines, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU), 29 Komsomol’skiy prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Vaysman Yakov Iosifovich - Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU) Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Scientific Supervisor, Department of Environmental Protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU), 29 Komsomol’skiy prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 78-90

Currently, the waste industry is being perceived more as a raw material for producing the desired products. That is the result of waste production expanding and the improvement of processing of materials technology. Most part of waste recycling falls on construction technology. If waste recycling is used in building constructions there may be possible negative effects of heavy metals emission. Large waste volumes make it possible to develop heterogeneous waste recycling effects such as mutual neutralization of synergy and the improvement of consumer qualities of the obtained materials. Basing on summarized results of waste heterogeneous co-recycling research it was possible to find ways of construction materials potential preparation. Methodological principles are based on best available technologies principles. The presented paper sets targets, methods and tools to achieve them. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics may vary depending on the tasks to be implemented. It was stated that the effective counteraction of wastes reduced the emission of heavy metals on the account of mutual neutralization and the shift of water-soluble composition to fix form. The obtained material in relation to its consumer properties is as good as its raw material analogy.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.78-90

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  8. Reuter M., Xiao Y., Boin U. Recycling and Environmental Issues of Metallurgical Slags and Salt Fluxes. VII International Conference on Molten Slags Fluxes and Salts. The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 2004, pp. 349—356.
  9. Pugin K.G., Vaysman Y.I. Methodological Approaches to Development of Ecologi-cally Safe Usage Technologies of Ferrous Industry Solid Waste Resource Potential. World Applied Sciences Journal, 2013, vol. 22, Special Issue on Techniques and Technologies, pp. 28—33.
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  13. Shekarchi M., Soltani M., Alizadeh R., Chini M., Ghods P., Hoseini M., Montazer Sh. Study of the Mechanical Properties of Heavyweight Preplaced Aggregate Concrete Using Electric Arc Furnace Slag as Aggregate. International Conference on Concrete Engineering and Technology. Malaysia, 2004.
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  18. Pugin K.G., Kalinina E.V., Khalitov A.R. Resursosberegayushchie tekhnologii stroitel'stva asfal'tobetonnykh dorozhnykh pokrytiy s ispol'zovaniem otkhodov proizvodstva [Resource Saving Technologies of Construction of Bituminous Concrete Pavements Using Industrial Waste]. Vestnik Permskogo natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Urbanistika [Proceedings of Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Urban Studies]. 2011, no. 2, pp. 60—69.
  19. Shi C., Qian J. High Performance Cementing Materials from Industrial Slag — a Review. Resource Conserve Recycle. 2000, vol. 29, pp. 195—207. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(99)00060-9.
  20. Wu S., Xu Y., Chen Q.Y. Utilization of Steel Slag as Aggregates for Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) Mixtures. Building and Environment, 2007, vol. 42, pp. 2580—2585.
  21. Pugin K.G., Vaysman Ya.I., Volkov G.N., Mal'tsev A.V. Otsenka negativnogo vozdeystviya na okruzhayushchuyu sredu stroitel'nykh materialov soderzhashchikh otkhody chernoy metallurgii [Estimation of the Negative Impact on the Environment of Construction Materials Containing Iron Industry Waste]. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya [Contemporary Problems of Science and Education]. 2012, no. 2 (40). Available at: http://www.science-education.ru/102-r5990.
  22. Pugin K.G. Voprosy ekologii ispol'zovaniya tverdykh otkhodov chernoy metallurgii v stroitel'nykh materialakh [The problems of the Ecology of Using Ferrous Hard Waste in Construction Materials]. Stroitel'nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2012, no. 8, pp. 54—56.

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RESEARCH OF BUILDING MATERIALS

Experimental determination of crack resistance characteristics of fiber reinforced concrete

  • Zertsalov Mikhail Grigor'evich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnics, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (495) 781-80-07; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Khoteev Egor Anatol'evich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Master, postgraduate student, Department of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnics, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (495) 781-80-07; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 91-99

The samples of fiber reinforced concrete with different fiber concentration, types of fiber, class of concrete were tested. The values of the critical stress intensity factors were determined as well as the strength characteristics of fiber-reinforced concrete of various compositions. Tests were carried out by bending the beams of 400x100x100 mm with a cut. Critical stress intensity factor was determined with the help of the value of the breaking load. The regularities of the influence of the type and concentration of fibers on the strength characteristics of the fiber reinforced concrete were stated. The authors identified key properties of steely and polypropylene fibers and offered their comparison. From these experiments we obtained data for further use in theoretical studies of fiber reinforced concretes structures. This research revealed common patterns of change in the properties of fiber reinforced concrete, depending on the composition. The advantages of different types of fibers were discussed. Valid formula for determining the critical stress intensity factor was found. Adding fiber in different concentrations to the concrete mix increase the tensile strength 3.5-4.5 times for steel fibers and 2-2.5 times for polypropylene fibers. Polypropylene fiber addition leads to decrease in compressive strength of the concrete of up to 8 %, the steel fibers addition, on the contrary, to increase in the compressive strength of concrete up to 20 %. Increase in tensile strength is observed mostly for low-strength concrete. In order to ensure uniform distribution of fibers in the volume of concrete specific methods should be applied.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.91-99

References
  1. Antropova E.A., Drobyshev B.A., Amosov P.V. Svoystva modifitsirovannogo stalefibrobetona [Properties of the Modified Steel Fiber Concrete]. Beton i zhelezobeton [Concrete and Reinforced Concrete]. 2002, no. 3, pp. 3—6.
  2. Bocharnikov A.S., Korneev A.D. Tekhnologicheskie faktory, vliyayushchie na mikro- i makrostrukturu peskobetonnoy matritsy i prochnostnye svoystva stalefibrobetona [Technological Factors Affecting Micro-and Macrostructure of Sand Concrete Matrix and Mechanical Properties of Steel Fiber Concrete]. Tekhnologii betonov [Concrete Technologies]. 2005, no. 3, pp. 62—63.
  3. Braune Ya.A., Kravinskis V.K., Spilva M.O. Opredelenie uprugikh kharakteristik deformiruemosti dispersno-armirovannogo betona [Determination of Elastic Characteristics of Fiber Concrete Deformability]. Proektirovanie i optimizatsiya konstruktsiy inzhenernykh sooruzheniy [Design and Optimization of Engineering Structures]. Riga, RPI Publ., 1986, pp. 87—97.
  4. Braune Ya.A., Kravinskis V.K., Filipsons V.O. Statisticheskiy analiz raspredeleniya armatury i prochnost' stalefibrobetona [Statistical Analysis of the Distribution of Reinforcement and Strength of Steel Fiber Concrete]. Proektirovanie i optimizatsiya konstruktsiy inzhenernykh sooruzheniy [Design and Optimization of Engineering Structures]. Riga, RPI Publ., 1982, pp. 89—95.
  5. Volkov I.V. Fibrobeton sostoyanie i perspektivy primeneniya v stroitel'nykh konstruktsiyakh [Fiber Concrete Condition and Prospects of Application in Building Structures]. Stroitel'nye materialy, oborudovanie, tekhnologii XXI veka [Building Materials, Equipment, Technologies of the 21st Century]. 2004, no. 5, pp. 24—25.
  6. Kosarev V.M. Raschet prochnosti po normal'nym secheniyam izgibaemykh elementov s khaotichnym diskretnym armirovaniem [Strength Calculation for Normal Sections of Bent Elements with Chaotic Discrete Reinforcement]. Fibrobeton i ego primenenie v stroitel'stve [Fibrous Concrete and its Application in Construction]. Moscow, NIIZhB Publ., 1979, pp. 20—26.
  7. Kurbatov L.G., Popov V.I. Treshchinostoykost' i raskrytie treshchin v izgibaemykh stalefibrobetonnykh elementakh [Crack Resistance and Crack Opening in Bent Steel Fiber Concrete Elements]. Prostranstvennye konstruktsii v grazhdanskom stroitel'stve [Spatial Design in Civil Engineering]. Leningrad, LenZNIIEP Publ., 1982, pp. 33—42.
  8. Rusanov V.E. Opredelenie prochnostnykh i deformativnykh svoystv stalefibrobetona dlya rascheta tonnel'nykh obdelok [Determination of Strength and Deformation Properties of Steel Fiber Concrete for Tunnel Lining Calculation]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2010, no. 2, pp. 189—197.
  9. Rusanov V.E. K otsenke effektivnosti primeneniya fibrobetona v sbornykh tonnel'nykh obdelkakh [Evaluating the Effectiveness of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Application in Precast Tunnel Lining]. Transportnoe stroitel'stvo [Transport Construction]. 2010, no. 3, pp. 13—16.
  10. Kagan M. Sravnenie fakticheskoy prochnosti na szhatie blokov iz betona i stalefibrobetona [Comparison of the Actual Compressive Strength of Concrete and Steel Fiber Concrete Blocks]. Metrostroy [Constructing Metro]. 1987, no. 3, pp. 19—22.
  11. Rizkalla Sami, Hassan Tarek. Effectiveness of FRP for Strengthening Concrete Bridges. Structural Engineering International. 2002, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 89—95. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686602777965577.
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  13. Bernard E.S. Influence of Test Machine Control Method on Flexural Performance of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams. Journal of ASTM International. 2009, vol. 6, no. 9. DOI: 10.1520/JAI102327.
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  15. Vandewalle L., etc. Recommendations of RILEM TC 162-TDF: Test and Design Methods for Steel Fibre Reinforced Concrete — Sigma-epsilon design method. Materials and Structures. 2000, vol. 33, pp. 75—81.

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SAFETY OF BUILDING SYSTEMS. ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. GEOECOLOGY

Development of ecologically safe method for main oil and gas pipeline trenching

  • Akhmedov Asvar Mikdadovich - Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (VSUACE) postgraduate student, Department of Civil Engineering Technologies, Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (VSUACE), 1 Akademicheskaya str., Volgograd, 400074, Russian Federation; +7 (8442) 96-99-58; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Abramyan Susanna Grantovna - Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (VSUACE) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Construction Technologies, Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (VSUACE), 1 Akademicheskaya str., Volgograd, 400074, Russian Federation; +7 (8442) 96-99-58; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Potapov Aleksandr Dmitrievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Academic Secretary of the Academic Council 8 (499) 183-15-87, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 100-107

Constructive, technical and technological reliability of major pipeline ensures ecological safety on different stages of life circle - beginning with project preparation activities up to the end of major pipeline operation. Even in the process of transition into new life circle stage, no matter if the pipeline needs major repairs or reconstruction, such technical and technological solutions should be found, which would preserve ecological stability of nature-anthropogenic system. Development of ecology protection technologies of construction, reconstruction and major repairs of main pipelines is of great importance not only for a region, but ensures ecological safety across the globe. The article presents a new way of trenching the main oil and gas pipeline, preservation and increase of ecological safety during its service. The updated technological plan is given in the paper for overhaul of the main oil and gas pipeline using the new technology of pipeline trenching. The suggested technical solution contributes to environment preservation with the help of deteriorating shells - the shells’ material decomposes into environment-friendly components: carbon dioxide, water and humus. The quantity of polluting agents in the atmosphere decreases with the decrease of construction term and quantity of technical equipment.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.100-107

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  3. Khaustov A.P., Redina M.M. Virtual'nyy trenazhernyy kompleks po ekologicheskoy bezopasnosti truboprovodnogo transporta uglevodorodov [Virtual Simulator Complex on Ecological Safety of Pipeline Transport of Hydrocarbons]. Truboprovodnyy transport [ Pipeline Transport]. 2011, no. 1 (23), pp. 9—11.
  4. Kozlitin P.A., Kozlitin A.M. Teoreticheskie osnovy i metody sistemnogo analiza promyshlennoy bezopasnosti ob"ektov teploenergetiki s uchetom riska: monografiya [Theoretical Basis and Methods of the System Analysis of Industrial Safety of Thermal Engineering Objects with Account for Risks: Monograph]. Saratov, Saratovskiy gosudarstvennyy tekhnicheskiy universitet Publ., 2009, 156 p.
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  6. Salah Ahmad M., Atwood Denis. ONE Route Good Enough? Using ArcGIS Network Analyst in Pipeline Alignment Optimization. ArcUser. 2010. Available at: http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/0410/pipeline.html. Date of access: 24.02.2014.
  7. Defina John, Maitin Izak, Gray Arnold L. New Jersey Uses GIS To Collect Site Remediation Data. April-June 1998. ArcUser. Available at: http://www.esri.com/news/arcuser/arcuser4.98/newjersey.html. Date of access: 24.02.2014.
  8. Xiong Jian, Su Lanqian, Zhang Zhenyong. The Estimation of Pipeline Routes Workload Base on GIS Technology. Available at: http: //www.igu.org/html/wgc2009. Date of access: 24.02.2014.
  9. Korsey S.G., D'yakova N.B. Transportirovka i khranenie GIS-tekhnologii v truboprovodnom transporte [Transporting and Storage of GIS-technologies in Pipeline Transport]. NEFTEGAZ.RU. 2006. Available at: http://neftegaz.ru/science/view/208. Date of access: 24.03.2014.
  10. Abramyan S.G. Kontseptsiya sozdaniya GIS-tekhnologii dlya ekologicheskogo monitoringa lineynykh ob"ektnykh remontno-stroitel'nykh potokov [Concept of GIS Technologies Creapion for Ecological Monitoring of Linear Object Repair and Construction Flows]. Internet-vestnik VolgGASU. Seriya: Stroitel’naya Informatika [Internet Proceedings of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Construction Informatics Series]. 2010, no. 4 (11). Available at: http://vestnik.vgasu.ru/?source=4&articleno=396. Date of access: 12.03.2014.
  11. Potapov A.D., Abramyan S.G. Ekologicheskaya pasportizatsiya lineynykh ob"ektnykh remontno-stroitel'nykh potokov s primeneniem geograficheskikh informatsionnykh sistemnykh tekhnologiy [Ecological Passportization of Linear Object Repair and Construction Flows Using Geographical Informational System Technologies]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 1, pp. 193—197.
  12. Abramyan S.G., Akhmedov A.M. Tekhnologicheskaya skhema zameny izolyatsii pri rekonstruktsii i kapital'nom remonte magistral'nykh truboprovodov s primeneniem GIStekhnologiy [Technological Scheme of Insulation Change in the Process of Reconstruction and Major Repairs of Main Pipelines Using GIS Technologies]. Vestnik VolgGASU. Seriya: Stroitel’stvo I Architektura [Internet Proceedings of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Construction and Architecture Series]. 2013, no. 30 (49), pp. 342—345.
  13. Veliyulin I.I. Sovershenstvovanie metodov remonta gazoprovodov [Improvement of the Repair Methods for Gas Pipelines]. Moscow, Neft' i gaz Publ., 1997, 153 p.
  14. Dedeshko V.N., Salyukov V.V., Mitrokhin M.Yu. Tekhnologii pereizolyatsii i novye izolyatsionnye pokrytiya dlya zashchity MG [Insulation Change Technologies and New Insulation Coatings for Main Pipelines Protection]. Gazovaya promyshlennost' [Gas Industry]. 2005, no. 2, pp. 68—71.
  15. Shatskiy A.S., Lutsyk A.F., Larin S.S., Gabelaya R.D., Ivakin A.V. Sposob zaglubleniya truboprovodov [Means of Pipeline Ruggedization]. Patent 2370696, Rosiyskaya Federatsiya. № 2006141325/06; zayavl. 23.11.2006; opubl. 10.12.2007, Byul. № 34 [Russian Patent 2370696, no. 2006141325/06; subm. 23.11.2006; published 10.12.2007, Bulletin no. 34]. 12 p.

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Street canyon ventilation control by proper planning and development

  • Balakin Vladimir Vasil'evich - Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (VSUACE) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Environmentally Concerned Civil Engineering and Municipal Services, Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (VSUACE), 1 Akademicheskaya str., Volgograd, 400074, Russian Federation; +7-8442-969-942; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 108-118

The objective of street canyon ventilation control in major streets is a tool of air pollution prevention in them, protection of housing areas from excessive wind or preservation and intensification of existing wind speed in case of insufficient ventilation. The maximum permissible concentration of car exhaust pollutants with wind speed within comfortable and permissible values by physiological and hygienic criteria, are ensured as from 40 to 70 % of thoroughfares in major cities. The dependence of air pollution level on wind speed is comparable to its dependence on traffic intensity and ratio of buildings height (H) to street width. But one has to take into account that, if the wind blows across the street, vortices form within the street canyon, which results in higher concentration of car exhaust pollutants near the downwind buildings. The objective of this work is to find the functional dependences of wind speed in a major street on its width and density of buildings, and also to find out which street configurations are favorable for formation of closed air circulation within it, resulting in insufficient aeration. The experimental research was done on a site for large-scale modeling of built-up urban territory, using cup anemometers. The coefficients of dependence of wind speed within a street on the types of buildings and on the street width were obtained. Characteristics of street layouts for control of aeration were determined. Building density rates for maximizing or optimizing the wind speed were determined. Street layouts are considered where stable vortices form between the buildings. For example, vortices within the street canyon’s cross-section appear when buildings squarish in ground plan situated far apart are replaced by oblong ones with the minimum allowed intervals of 15 meters between them (for 5-storeyed buildings; or intervals equal to the buildings’ height), or where the buildings are long and close together. With separate buildings of reasonable length and sufficient intervals between them, and with street width over 9 H… 10 H , the buildings’ influence on wind speed lessens, and the vortices do not form between buildings. Thus the danger of excess air pollution within street canyon is eliminated. On the other hand, the air flow over the trafficway slows down more at the intervals between the buildings than at their mid-lengths, and this effect is more prominent when the buildings are narrow in the direction along the street (like 10…25 meters). This could be explained by forming, and gradual increasing in number, of small chaotic vortices with conflicting directions, even counter-directional, at the corners of buildings as the intervals between buildings increase in number. In real life, in order to protect the streets from strong winds, it is advisable to use certain planning methods, like alternate side-shifting or rotating the buildings in the row, additional space between them and the trafficway, alternating buildings of different height, and other non-linear plan and height configurations. At the same time, they should ensure lesser concentrations of toxic air pollutants within the streets, and the intervals between the buildings should be at least corresponding to the sunlight norms and fire regulations.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.108-118

References
  1. Serebrovskiy F.L. Aeratsiya naselennykh mest [Aeration of Populated Sites]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1985, 170 p.
  2. Retter E.I. Arkhitekturno-stroitelnaya aerodinamika [Architectural Aerodynamics]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1984, 294 p.
  3. Dmitriyev M.T., Kitrosskiy N.A., Al'perin V.Z. Zavisimost' toksikatsii vozdukha avtomagistraley gorodov ot intensivnosti dvizheniya, vysoty i plotnosti zastroyki [Dependence of Toxic Air Pollution in Major Urban Streets on Traffic Intensity and Tallness and Density of Buildings]. Izvestiya vuzov [News of Higher Educational Institutions]. 1971, no. 3, pp. 120—124.
  4. Chan T.L., Dong G., Leung C.W., Cheung C.S., Hung W.T. Validation of a Two-Dimensional Pollutant Dispersion Model in an Isolated Street Canyon. Atmospheric Environment. 2002, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 861—872. DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00490-3.
  5. Jicha Miroslav, Pospisil Jiri, Kftolicky Jaroslav. Dispersion of Pollutants in Street Canyon under Traffic Induced Flow and Turbulence. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2000, vol. 65, no. 1-2, pp. 343—351. DOI: 10.1023/A:1006452422885.
  6. Addison Paul S., Currie John I., Low David J., McCann Joanna M. An Integrated Approach to Street Canyon Pollution Modelling. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2000, vol. 65, no. 1-2, pp. 333—342. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-010-0932-4_36.
  7. Nuterman R.B., Starchenko A.V. Modelirovanie zagryazneniya vozdukha v ulichnom kanyone [Modeling of Air Pollution within a Street Canyon]. Optika atmosfery i okeana [Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics]. 2005, no. 8, pp. 649—657.
  8. Uehara Kiyoshi, Murakami Shuzo, Oikawa Susumu, Wakamatsu Shinji. Wind Tunnel Experiments on How Thermal Stratification Affects Flow in and Above Urban Street Canyons. Atmospheric Environment. 2000, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1553—1562. DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00410-0.
  9. Baik Jong-Jin, Kim Jae-Jin. A Numerical Study of Flow and Pollutant Dispersion Characteristics in Urban Street Canyons. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 1999, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 1576—1589. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1576:ANSOFA>2.0.CO;2.
  10. Kim Jae-Jin, Baik Jong-Jin. A Numerical Study of Thermal Effects on Flow and Pollutant Dispersion in Urban Street Canyons. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 1999, vol. 38, no. 9, pp. 1249—1261. DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<1249:ANSOTE>2.0.CO;2.
  11. Assimakopoulos V.D., ApSimon H.M., Moussiopoulos N. A Numerical Study of Atmospheric Pollutant Dispersion in Different Two-dimensional Street Canyon Configurations. Atmospheric Environment. 2003, vol. 37, no. 29, pp. 4037—4049. DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00533-8.
  12. Nikitin V.S., Maksimkina N.G., Samsonov V.T., Plotnikova L.V. Provetrivanie promyshlennykh ploshchadok i prilegayushchikh k nim territoriy [Natural Aeration of Industrial Sites and Adjacent Territories]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1980, 200 p.

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Trophic chain and sea environment self-cleaning factors

  • Pogorel'tsev Yuriy Romanovich - Sochi State University (SSU) postgraduate student, Department of Real Estate Inspection and Management, Sochi State University (SSU), 26 a Sovetskaya Str., Sochi, 354000, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Shevtsov Viktor Sergeevich - Sochi State University (SSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head, Department of Real Estate Inspection and Management, Sochi State University (SSU), 26 a Sovetskaya Str., Sochi, 354000, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 119-126

This article considers the main aspects of the process of self-purification in the marine environment. It describes mechanics of biogenic elements of the marine environment in the process of production and destruction of autochthonous and allochthonous organic matter. This article discusses organics and flows of energy, which migrate to the trophic chain of the marine environment in the process of self-purification. And it shows the individual elements of the process of self-purification in the marine environment and the factors influencing it. In the article it is noted that self-cleaning of water environment happens due to the cycling of matter in the pond. It is emphasized that tension, focus and self-purification completeness are regulated by biotic turnover and energy turnover, which is determined by the type of limnological type of reservoir, geographical features (climate conditions), geophysical and anthropogenic impacts. The article notes that the more diverse system of organisms is, the fuller the compounds’ decay is. This property of organisms to complement each other is called buffering of the system. Complex system of organisms cope better with organic and bacterial contamination, but is less responsive to insertion nutrients; biotic cycle in complex systems is more intense. Bacterial community plays the major role in the process of self-purification of biological marine environments. They are the major element of the coastal zone ecosystems. This article shows that during the growth of bacterial populations most of the energy supplied to the aquatic ecosystems with auto- and allochthonous organic matter is processed. The bacteria prepare the conditions for the development of other organisms of water biocenosis. Concentration of the organic substrate regulates the growth rate of bacteria. Bacterial self-cleaning depends on the total number of microorganisms or their separate groups, locally contained in the marine environment.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.119-126

References
  1. Sinel'nikov V.E. Mekhanizm samoochishcheniya vodoemov [Mechanism of Basins Self Purification]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1980, 64 p.
  2. Pogoreltsev Yu.R., Mishin S.V. The Theoretical Aspects of the Sea Self-purification Processes` Intensification and the Technological Islands` Complexes Designing by the Black Sea Coast. Science, Technology and Higher Education: Materials of the III International Research and Practice Conference. Canada, Westwood, 2013, vol. 2, pp. 468—475. ISBN 978-1-77192-013-1. Available at: http://science-canada.com/10-2013-2.pdf.
  3. Gol'dberg G.A., Zats V.I. Modelirovanie protsessov samoochishcheniya vod [Modeling the Processes of Waters Self Purification]. Sevastopol', Institut biologii yuzhnykh morey im. A.O. Kovalevskogo AN USSR Publ., 1991, 59 p.
  4. Zaytsev Yu.P. Samoe sinee v mire [The Most Blue in the World]. United Nations Development Programme. New-York, UN Publ., 1998, Black Sea Environmental Series, vol. 6, 142 p.
  5. Shurda K.E. O nekotorykh ekologicheskikh problemakh i napravleniyakh Chernogo morya [On Some Ecological Problems and Directions of the Black Sea]. Odesa, TsNTPIONYuA Publ., 2003, pp. 56—58.
  6. Chepurnova E.A., Zharov N.A. Mikrobiologicheskie pokazateli v otsenke samoochishchayushchey sposobnosti morskikh vod [Microbiological Attributes in Estimating Self-Purifying Capacity of Sea Waters]. Sevastopol', Institut biologii yuzhnykh morey im. A.O. Kovalevskogo AN USSR Publ., 1984, 6 p.
  7. Mironov O.G. Bakterial'naya transformatsiya neftyanykh uglevodorodov v pribrezhnoy zone morya [Bacterial Transformation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Nearshore Zone]. Morskoy ekologicheskiy zhurnal [Sea Ecological Journal]. 2002, no. 1, pp. 56—66.
  8. Shevtsov V.S., Pogorel'tsev Yu.R. Issledovanie zakonomernostey biokhimicheskikh protsessov okisleniya zagryazneniy v morskoy srede [Investigating the Regularities of Biochemical Processes of Pollution Combustion in Sea Environment]. Morskie berega — evolyutsiya, ekologiya, ekonomika: materialy XXIV Mezhdunarodnoy beregovoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 60-letiyu so dnya osnovaniya Rabochey gruppy «Morskie berega» [Sea Shores — Evolution, Ecology, Economy: Materials of the 24th International Shore Conference, Dedicated to 60th Anniversary of the Working Group “Sea Shores”]. Tuapse, 1—6 October 2012, Krasnodar, Yug Publ., 2012, vol. 2, pp. 109—112.
  9. Gigevich G.S., Zhukhovitskaya A.L., Onoshko M.P., Generalova V.A. Eksperimental'noe izuchenie pogloshcheniya biogenov vysshimi vodnymi rasteniyami [Experimental Study of Biogene Absorbtion by Higher Sea Plants]. Prikladnaya limnologiya: sbornik nauchykh statey [Applied Limnology: Collection of Scientific Articles]. Minsk, 2000, no. 2, p. 90.
  10. Solov'eva O.V. Potoki neftyanykh uglevodorodov cherez poseleniya midiy, obitayushchikh na yuzhnom molu Sevastopol'skoy bukhty [Flows of Petroleum Hydrocarbons through the Mussels Habitations on the South Bar of Sevastopol Bay]. Morskoy ekologicheskiy zhurnal [Sea Ecological Journal]. 2007, no. 4, vol. VI, pp. 61—68.
  11. Black Sea Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis. BSERP; Global Environment Facility, New York, 2007, 114 p.
  12. Maureen E. Callow, James A. Callow. Marine Biofouling: a Sticky Problem. University of Birmingham, UK, 2002, 34 p.
  13. Painter H.A. Organic Compounds in Solution in Sewage Effluents. Chemistry and Industry. New York, 1973, 55 p.
  14. Warren Ch. Aquatic Biology and Water Pollution Control. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, 1971, 95 p.
  15. Yorulmaz Y., Manning F.S. Elimination of Dissolved Organics in Waste Waters. Processing. USA Colorado, 1975, 12 p.

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HYDRAULICS. ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY. HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

Axial and radial velocities in the creeping flow in a pipe

  • Zuykov Andrey L'vovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Hydraulics and Water Resources, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (495)287-49-14, ext. 14-18; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 127-134

The article is devoted to analytical study of transformation fields of axial and radial velocities in uneven steady creeping flow of a Newtonian fluid in the initial portion of the cylindrical channel. It is shown that the velocity field of the flow is two-dimensional and determined by the stream function. The article is a continuation of a series of papers, where normalized analytic functions of radial axial distributions in uneven steady creeping flow in a cylindrical tube with azimuthal vorticity and stream function were obtained. There is Poiseuille profile for the axial velocity in the uniform motion of a fluid at an infinite distance from the entrance of the pipe (at x = ∞), here taken equal to zero radial velocity. There is uniform distribution of the axial velocity in the cross section at the tube inlet at x = 0, at which the axial velocity is constant along the current radius. Due to the axial symmetry of the flow on the axis of the pipe (at r = 0), the radial velocities and the partial derivative of the axial velocity along the radius, corresponding to the condition of the soft function extremum, are equal to zero. The authors stated vanishing of the velocity of the fluid on the walls of the pipe (at r = R , where R - radius of the tube) due to its viscous sticking and tightness of the walls. The condition of conservation of volume flow along the tube was also accepted. All the solutions are obtained in the form of the Fourier - Bessel. It is shown that the hydraulic losses at uniform creeping flow of a Newtonian fluid correspond to Poiseuille - Hagen formula.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.127-134

References
  1. Orekhov G.V., Zuykov A.L., Volshanik V.V. Kontrvikhrevoe polzushchee techenie [Creeping Counter Vortex Flow]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 4, pp. 172—180.
  2. Akhmetov V.K., Volshanik V.V., Zuykov A.L., Orekhov G.V. Modelirovanie i raschet kontrvikhrevykh techeniy [Modeling and Calculation of Counter Vortex Flows]. Мoscow, MGSU Publ., 2012, 252 p.
  3. Zuykov A.L. Azimutal'nyy vikhr' i funktsiya toka v polzushchem techenii v trube [Azimuthal Vorticity and Stream Function in the Creeping Flow in a Pipe]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2014, no. 4, рp. 150—159.
  4. Korn G.A., Korn T.M. Mathematical Handbook for Scientists and Engineers: Definitions, Theorems, and Formulas for Reference and Review. New York, General Publishing Company, 2000, 1151 p.

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Body drop into a fluid tank and dynamic loads calculation

  • Komarov Aleksandr Andreevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Hydraulics and Water Resources, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 261-48-04; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Kazennov Vyacheslav Vasil'evich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head, Sector of Scientific and Technical Center «Blast Resistance», Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 261-48-04; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 135-143

The theory of a body striking a fluid began intensively developing due to the tasks of hydroplanes landing. For the recent years the study of a stroke and submersion of bodies into fluid became even more current. We face them in the process of strength calculation of ship hulls and other structures in modern technology. These tasks solution represents great mathematical difficulty even in case of the mentioned simplifications. These difficulties emerge due to the unsteady character of fluid motion in case of body submersion, and also jet and spray phenomena, which lead to discontinuous motions. On the basis of G.V. Logvinovich’s concept the problem of loads determination with consideration for air gap is solved for both a body and reservoir enclosing structures when a body falls into a fluid. Numerical method is based on the decay of an arbitrary discontinuity.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.135-143

References
  1. Ionina M.F. Chislennoe issledovanie zadachi ob udare uprugikh tsilindricheskikh obolochek o vodu [Numerical Study of Water Impact on Cylindrical Shells in Case of Stroke]. Vychislitel'nye tekhnologii [Calculative Technologies]. 1999, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 84—94.
  2. Ryabchenko V.P. Metod integral'nykh uravneniy v ploskoy i prostranstvennoy zadachakh ob udare plastiny o zhidkost' konechnoy glubiny [Method of Integral Equations in 2D and 3D Problems of Plate Impacting a Fluid of Finite Depth]. Prikladnaya mekhanika i tekhnicheskaya fizika [Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics]. 2001, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 98—111.
  3. Taranukha N.A., Chizhumov S.D. Chislennoe modelirovanie padeniya na vodu tela s gofrirovannym dnishchem [Numerical Simulation of a Body with Corrugated Bottom Falling on Water]. Prikladnaya mekhanika i tekhnicheskaya fizika [Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics]. 2001, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 112—118.
  4. Korobkin A.A. Ploskaya zadacha o simmetrichnom udare volnoy po balke Eylera [The problem of a symmetric wave impaction on the Euler beam]. Prikladnaya mekhanika i tekhnicheskaya fizika [Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics]. 1998, vol. 39, no. 5, рp. 134—147.
  5. Malenica S. Modified Logvinovich Model for Hydrodynamic Loads on Asymmetric Contours Entering Water. UEA Repository, 2005.
  6. Scolan Y., Korobkin A. Energy Distribution from Vertical Impact of a Three-Dimensional Solid Body onto the Flat Free Surface of an Ideal Fluid. Journal of Fluids and Structures. 2003, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 275—286. DOI: 10.1016/S0889-9746(02)00118-4.
  7. Logvinovich G.V. Gidrodinamika techeniy so svobodnymi granitsami [Hydrodynamics of Free-Boundary Flows]. Kiev, 1969, 215 p.
  8. Shibue T., Ito A., Nakayama E. Structural Response Analysis of Cylinders under Water Impact. Hydroelasticity in Marine Technology. 1994, pр. 221—228.
  9. Arai M., Miyauchi T. Numerical Study of the Impact of Water on Cylindrical Shells, Considering Fluid-structure Interactions. PRADS’98, the Hague, September, 1998.
  10. Stow C.D., Hadfield M.G. An Experimental Investigation of Fluid Flow Resulting from the Impact of a Water Drop with an Unyielding Dry Surface. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. 1981, vol. 373, no. 1755, pp. 419—441. DOI: 10.1098/rspa.1981.0002.
  11. Iafrati A., Korobkin A. Asymptotic Estimates of Hydrodynamic Loads in the Early Stage of Water Entry of a Circular Disk. Journal of Engineering Mathematics. 2011, vol. 69, no. 2-3, pp. 199—224. DOI: 10.1007/s10665-010-9411-y.
  12. Scolan Y., Korobkin A. Mixed Boundary Value Problem in Potential Theory: Application to the Hydrodynamic Impact (Wagner) Problem. Comptes Rendus Mecanique. 2012, vol. 340, no. 10, pp. 702—705. DOI: 10.1016/j.crme.2012.09.006.
  13. Chau S.-W., Lu C.-Y., Chou S.-K. Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Slamming for a High-speed Planning Vessel. TEAM-2000: Proc. Of the 14th Asian Technical Exchange and Advisory Meeting on Marine Structures, Vladivostok, 18—21 Sept. 2000. Vladivostok, Far East. State Tech. Univ., 2000, pp. 224—232.
  14. Godunov S.K., editor. Chislennoe reshenie mnogomernykh zadach gazovoy dinamiki [Numerical Solution of Multidimensional Problems of Gas Dynamics]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1976, 400 p.
  15. Grigolyuk E.I., Gorshkov A.G. Vzaimodeystvie uprugikh konstruktsiy s zhidkost'yu (udar i pogruzhenie) [Interaction of Elastic Structures with a Liquid (Impact and Immersion)]. Leningrad, Sudostroenie Publ., 1976, 200 p.

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Hydrodynamic loads of sea waves on horizontal elements of berths with wave quenching chambers

  • Leshchenko Sergey Vladimirovich - Sochi State University (SSU) postgraduate student, Department of Urban Development, Sochi State University (SSU), 26 a Sovetskaya str., Sochi, 354000, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Makarov Konstantin Nikolaevich - Sochi State University (SSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chair, Department of Urban Development, Sochi State University (SSU), 26 a Sovetskaya str., Sochi, 354000, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 144-151

In the process of hydraulic structures design, in particular berths with wave cancelling structures, which serve to decrease the wave impact on structures, there appears a problem of vertical wave hydrodynamic loads calculation on floor slabs. In the existing normative documents there are no requirements on calculating vertical wave loads on the horizontal floor slabs of open-type structures (enveloping, mooring, approach trestles, etc.) and stairs of sloping-staired open-type structures. A mathematical model is proposed for calculation of the vertical wave loads on the floor slab through moorings. The model is based on the theory of jet impact on a solid surface. The width of the wave crest, striking in the overlap of the pier, and its vertical velocity is determined by the linear wave theory. The coefficient of transmission of waves through wave quenching chambers is calculated according to the previously developed methods. Vertical wave loading is adjusted based on the ratio of the wave length and width of the overlay. Model validation is performed according to the hydraulic modelling interaction of waves with through berths in the port of Tuapse. 7 variants of their design were considered. Data mapping mathematical and hydraulic modeling showed them a close match.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.144-151

References
  1. Lappo D.D., Strekalov S.S., Zav'yalov V.K. Nagruzki i vozdeystviya vetrovykh voln na gidrotekhnicheskie sooruzheniya [Loadings and Impacts of Wind Waves on Hydraulic Engineering Structures]. Leningrad, VNIIG Publ., 1990, 432 p.
  2. Huang Ming, Aggidis G.A. Developments, Expectations of Wave Energy Converters and Mooring Anchors in the UK. Journal of Ocean University of China. 2008, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 10—16. DOI: 10.1007/s11802-008-0010-8.
  3. Jain K. Dynamics of Offshore Structures under Sea Waves and Earthquake Forces. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Offshore Technology. 1996, vol. 1, pp. 191—198.
  4. Bullock G.N., Obhrai C., Peregrine D.H., Bredmose H. Violent Breaking Wave Impacts. Part 1: Results from Large-scale Regular Wave Tests on Vertical and Sloping Walls. Coastal Engineering. 2007, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 602—617. DOI: 10.1016/j.coastaleng.2006.12.002.
  5. Wolters G., Mülle G. The Propagation of Wave Impact Induced Pressures into Cracks and Fissures. Geological Society, London. 2004, Engineering Geology Special Publications, vol. 20, pp. 121—130. DOI: 10.1144/GSL.ENG.2004.020.01.09.
  6. Hofland B., Kaminski M.L., Wolters G. Large Scale Wave Impacts on a Vertical Wall. Coastal Engineering. 2010, pp. 1—15.
  7. Le Meote B. Vvedenie v gidrodinamiku i teoriyu voln na vode [Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and the Theory of Water Waves]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1974, 367 p.
  8. Kotousov L.S. Issledovanie vodyanykh struy na vykhode iz sopel s razlichnoy geometriey [Research of Water Streams at the Exit from Water Jets with Various Geometry]. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoy fiziki [Journal of Technical Physics]. 2005, vol. 75, no. 9, pp. 8—14.
  9. Ponomareva M.A., Shrager G.R., Yakutenok V.A. Ustoychivost' ploskoy strui vysokovyazkoy zhidkosti, natekayushchey na gorizontal'nuyu tverduyu ploskost' [Stability of a Flat Stream of the High-viscosity Liquid Accumulating on the Horizontal Firm Plane]. Izvestiya RAN. Mekhanika zhidkosti i gaza [News of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Mechanics of Liquid and Gas]. 2011, no. 1, pp. 53—61.
  10. Leschenko S.V., Makarov K.N. Vertical Hydrodynamic Loads on the Elements of Hydrotechnical Constructions. European Researcher. International Multidisciplinary Journal. 2013, vol. 48, no. 5-1, pp. 1189—1193.
  11. Leshchenko S.V., Makarov K.N. Metodika rascheta vertikal'nykh gidrodinamicheskikh volnovykh nagruzok na gorizontal'nye elementy gidrotekhnicheskikh sooruzheniy [Method of Calculation of Vertical Hydrodynamic Wave Loads on the Horizontal Elements of Marine Engineering]. Gidrotekhnika [Hydraulic Engineering]. 2013, no. 2 (31), pp. 20—25.
  12. Mishchenko S.M. Gidravlika sooruzheniy s uluchshennymi volnogasyashchimi svoystvami [Hydraulic Structures with Improved Wave Cancelling Properties]. Izvestiya VNIIG im. B.E. Vedeneeva [News of Russian Scientific and Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering Named after V.E. Vedeneev]. Saint Petersburg, 1997, vol. 20.
  13. McIver P. Water-wave Propagation through an Infinite Array of Cylindrical Structures. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 2000, pp. 101—125.
  14. Li Y., Mei C.C. Multiple Resonant Scattering of Water Waves by a Two-dimensional Array of Vertical Cylinders: Linear Aspects. Physical Review. 2007, E 76, pp. 1—23. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.76.016302.
  15. Krynkin A., McIver P. Approximations to Wave Propagation through a Lattice of Dirichlet Scatterers. Waves in Random and Complex Media. 2009, no. 5, pp. 347—365. DOI:10.1080/17455030802616855.

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ECONOMICS, MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES

Leasing technologies in innovative development of construction complex

  • Alekseeva Tat'yana Romanovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Economics and Management in Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 152-161

In the article the problem of financing innovative activity in the construction complex is considered. The essence of leasing as one of the factors stimulating transition of the construction complex to new technological way is shown. Leasing represents a special form of financing. In the leasing transaction the owner of an asset (lessor) temporarily transfers the right to use an asset to other party (lessee). The lessor makes the lease for a specified period of time in return for a periodic rental payments from the lessee. The article shows the advantages of leasing in the construction complex and its functions. For example, one of the advantages of leasing is that it provides alternative to ownership. Also lessees benefit from a number of tax advantages. We offered a model of leasing relations in innovative development of the construction complex. In frames of this model, in our opinion, it is expedient to assign functions of management by a leasing cycle in the construction complex to engineering companies, for the purpose of increase of efficiency of its innovative activity. The functions of leasing are specified and their classification in innovative development of the construction complex is presented. We proved a leasing role in modernization of the construction complex in the conditions of transition of national economy to an innovative way of development.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.152-161

References
  1. Asaul A.N. Problemy innovatsionnogo razvitiya otechestvennoy ekonomiki. [Problems of Innovative Development in the Domestic Economy]. Ekonomicheskoe vozrozhdenie Rossii [Economic Revival of Russia]. 2009, no. 4, pр. 3—6.
  2. Alekseeva T.R. Osobennosti innovatsionnogo razvitiya stroitel'nogo kompleksa v usloviyakh modernizatsii natsional'noy ekonomiki [Features of Innovative Development of a Construction Complex in the Conditions of National Economy modernization]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2014, no. 4, pр. 236—246.
  3. Alekseeva T.R. Razvitie maloy energetiki s ispol'zovaniem lizingovykh tekhnologiy [The Development of Small-scale Power Generation Using Leasing Technologies]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 12, pp. 156—162.
  4. Glaz’ev S.Yu. Mirivoy ekonomicheskiy krizis kak protsess zameshcheniya dominiruyushchikh tekhnologicheskikh ukladov [World Economic Crisis as a Process of Replacement of Dominating Technological Ways]. Available at: http://www.glazev.ru. Date of access: 10.05.2013.
  5. Lukmanova I.G. Metodicheskie osnovy transfera tekhnologiy v stroitel’noy otrasli [Methodological Bases for Technology in the Construction Industry]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 3, pp. 193—198.
  6. Zhuravlev M.V. «Energeticheskaya konstitutsiya», ili Ob aktual’nosti stroitel’stva miniTES [«Power Constitution», or On the Relevance of Constructing Mini-Thermal Power Station]. Seti i sistemy svyazi [Networks and Communication Systems]. 2007, no. 13, pp. 27—29.
  7. Filosofova T.G. Effektivnost’ ispolzovaniya lizinga v skhemakh modernizatsii [Efficiency of Leasing in Modernization Schemes]. Lizing. Tekhnologii biznesa [Leasing. Technologies of Business]. 2011, no. 9, pp. 6—21.
  8. Syrtsova O.N. Lizing kak instrument modernizatsii ekonomiki Rossii [Leasing as a tool for modernization of Russian economy]. Lizing. Tekhnologii biznesa [Leasing. Technologies of Business]. 2012, no. 8, pp. 14—29.
  9. Ibraeva A.A. Sushchnost' i funktsii lizinga v sisteme ekonomicheskikh otnosheniy khozyaystvuyushchikh sub"ektov [Leasing Essence and Functions in the system of Economic Relations of Economic Entities]. Problemy sovremennoy ekonomiki [Problems of Contemporary Economy]. 2010, no. 4 (36), pp. 196—199.
  10. Yas'kova N.Yu. Innovatsionnye metamorfozy investitsionnykh tsiklov [Innovative Metamorphoses of Investment Cycles]. Ekonomika stroitel'stva [Construction Economy]. 2013, no. 3, pp. 49—59.
  11. Yas'kova N.Yu., Kameneckii M.I. Krizis otechestvennoy modeli upravleniya stroitel'stvom i rynkom nedvizhimosti [Crisis of Domestic Model of Management by Construction and Real Estate Market]. Ekonomika stroitel'stva [Construction Economy]. 2009, no. 3, pp. 3—13.
  12. Miceli T.J., Sirmans C.F., Turnbull G.K. The Property-contract Boundary: an Economic Analysis of Leases. American Law and Economics Review. Oxford University Press, 2001, no. 3 (1), pp. 165—185. DOI: 10.1093/aler/3.1.165.
  13. Lipsey R.G., Carlaw K.I., Bekar C.T. Economic Transformations — General Purpose Technologies and Long-Term Economic Growth. Oxford University Press, 2005, 618 p.
  14. An Yan. Leasing and Debt Financing: Substitutes or Complements? Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis. 2006, vol. 41, no. 3, pр. 709—731. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.302157.
  15. Adams A.T., Booth P.M., MacGregor B.D. Lease Terms, Option Pricing and the Financial Characteristics of Property. British Actuarial Journal. 2003, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 619—635.

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Raising the 3-d blocks production efficiency using expert evaluation

  • Efimenko Anatoliy Zakharovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Technology of Finishing and Isolation Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Grin'ko Boris Grigor'evich - Khoroshevsky Concrete Products Plant DSK-1 chief industrial engineer, Khoroshevsky Concrete Products Plant DSK-1, 3-a, 3 Khoroshevskiy proezd, Moscow, 123007, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 162-169

The method of expert evaluation is used in the cases when there is lack of efficient formalized methods for choosing necessary measures for solving production or scientific problems. In construction industry the field of application of expert evaluation method is quite wide. In the article the method of expert evaluation is described, the data on the peculiarities of producing three-dimensional utility blocks on hypso-cement-trass concretes on the Khoroshevsky Concrete Products Plant DSK-1 is presented. The authors present pall results and expert evaluations on ten-point scale. Expert opinions were processed using mathematical statistics method. The results of statistical indicators calculation is presented and optimal ways of raising the production efficiency for three-dimensional utility blocks are chosen basing on them.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.162-169

References
  1. Efimenko A.Z. Upravlenie predpriyatiyami stroyindustrii na osnove informatsionnykh tekhnologiy: monografiya [Management of Construction Industru Enterprises Basing on Information Technologies. Monograph]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2009, 304 p.
  2. Kramerov D.V., Efimenko A.Z. Izuchenie proizvodstva neavtoklavnogo gazo-betona na osnove ekspertnykh otsenok [Investigation of Non-autoclaved Aerated Concrete Production Basing on Expert Opinion]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2009, Special issue, no. 1, pp. 352—356.
  3. Ferronskaya A.V. Gipsovye materialy i izdeliya. Proizvodstvo i primenenie: Spravochnik [Gypsum Materials and Products. Production and Application: Reference Book]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2004, 488 p.

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INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND LOGISTICS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Mathematical description of information interaction in investment and construction activities

  • Sborshchikov Sergey Borisovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Economical Sciences, Professor, Department of Technology, Management and Administration in the Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Lazareva Natal'ya Valer'evna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) assistant, Department of Organization Technology and Management in Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Zharov Yaroslav Vladimirovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) assistant, Department of Technology, Management and Administration in the Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 170-175

For effective management of investment and construction activity (ICA) there must be a subsystem responsible for information interaction. The article considers the role of information in ICA, as well as the requirements and objectives of the information systems. Data collection, communication and processing, according to the authors, reflect the system running efficiency. Thanks to information security subsystem there is a possibility of measuring the efficiency of resource use and the relations between inputs and outputs of individual elements throughout investment and construction activities. Requirements of modern economic realities, particularly, investment and construction activities dynamics, should be adjusted to the flow of information: creating new connections, terminating the others. Developing the information management system, its structure and composition require consideration and planning. Development planning and management is closely related to the improvement of information links and upgrading the entire system of information security, its structure and functioning.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.170-175

References
  1. Manakov L.F., Faltinskiy R.A. Krizis v investitsionno-stroitel'noy sfere: istoki, ugrozy, novye vozmozhnosti [The Crisis in the Construction Industry Investment: Origins, Threats, New Opportunities]. Ekonomicheskoe vozrozhdenie Rossii [Economic Renovation of Russia]. 2009, no. 1, pp. 19—24.
  2. Volkov A.A., Losev Yu.G., Losev K.Yu. Informatsionnaya podderzhka zhiznennogo tsikla ob"ektov stroitel'stva [Information Support of Construction Project Lifecycle]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 11, pp. 253—258.
  3. Sborshchikov S.B. Organizatsionnye osnovy ustoychivogo razvitiya energeticheskogo stroitel'stva [Institutional Framework for Sustainable Development of Energy Sector Construction]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2010, no. 4, vol. 2, pp. 363—368.
  4. Volkov A.A., Anikin D.V., Kulikova E.N. Model' interoperabel'nosti korporativnogo informatsionnogo prostranstva stroitel'nykh organizatsiy [Interoperability Model for Corporate Information Space of Construction Companies]. International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering. 2012, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 117—121.
  5. Zharov Ya.V. Organizatsionno-tekhnologicheskoe proektirovanie pri realizatsii investitsionno-stroitel'nykh proektov [Process Organization Design within the Framework of Construction Projects]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 5, pp. 176—184.
  6. Sborshchikov S.B., Lazareva N.V. Logisticheskoe opisanie sistemy upravleniya investitsionno-stroitel'noy deyatel'nost'yu [Logistic Description of Investment and Construction Management]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2014, no. 1, pp. 196—201.
  7. Markasov S.V., Mkrtchyan K.M. Infokommunikatsii i effektivnost' ikh ispol'zovaniya [Infocommunications and Their Effective Use]. Ekonomicheskoe vozrozhdenie Rossii [Economic Renovation of Russia]. 2010, no. 2, pp. 24—29.
  8. Zhavoronkov E.P. Resursnyy faktor i logistika v stroitel'stve [Resource Factor and Logistics in Construction]. Ekonomicheskoe vozrozhdenie Rossii [Economic Renovation of Russia]. 2006, no. 1, pp. 7—13.
  9. Kostyuchenko V.V., Kudinov D.O. Informatsionnoe obespechenie upravleniya stroitel'nymi sistemami [Data Support of Construction System Management]. Inzhenernyy vestnik Dona [Engineering Proceedings of Don]. 2012, no. 3, pp. 25—30.
  10. Sacks R., Koskela L., Dave B., Owen R. Interaction of Lean and Building Information Modeling in Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 2010, vol. 136, no. 9, pp. 968—980. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000203.
  11. Dulaimi M.F., Ling F.Y. and Bajracharya A. Organizational Motivation and Inter-Organizational Interaction in Construction Innovation in Singapore. Construction Management and Economics. 2003, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 307—318. DOI:10.1080/0144619032000056144.
  12. Durán R.P., Szymanski M.H. Cooperative Learning Interaction and Construction of Activity. Discourse Processes. 1995, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 149—164. DOI: 10.1080/01638539109544909.
  13. Koo B., Fischer M. Feasibility Study of 4D CAD in Commercial Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 2000, vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 251—260.
  14. Hage Chehade F., Shahrour I. Numerical Analysis of the Interaction Between Twin-Tunnels: Influence of the Relative Position and Construction Procedure. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology. 2008, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 210—214. DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2007.03.004.
  15. Kuhlthau C.C. The Role of Experience in the Information Search Process of an Early Career Information Worker: Perceptions of Uncertainty, Complexity Construction, and Sources. JASIS. 1999, vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 399—412. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4571(1999)50:5<399::AID-ASI3>3.0.CO;2-L.

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PROBLEMS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Application of three-dimensional simulation at lecturing on descriptive geometry

  • Tel'noy Viktor Ivanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Military Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 183-24-83; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Rychkova Anzhelika Vital'evna - Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI) Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Mathematical Software for Information Systems and Innovation, Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics (MESI), 7 Nezhinskaya str., Moscow, 119501, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 176-183

Teaching descriptive geometry has its own characteristics. Need not only to inform students of a certain amount of knowledge on the subject, but also to develop their spatial imagination as well as the right to develop the skills of logical thinking. Practice of teaching the discipline showed that students face serious difficulties in the process of its study. This is due to the relatively low level of their schooling in geometry and technical drawing, and lacking in high spatial imagination. They find it difficult to imagine the geometrical image of the object of study and mentally convert it on the plane. Because of this, there is a need to find ways to effectively teach the discipline «Descriptive Geometry» at university. In the context of global informatization and computerization of the educational process, implementation of graphically programs for the development of design documentation and 3D modeling is one of the most promising applications of information technology in the process of solving these problems. With the help of three-dimensional models the best visibility in the classroom is achieved. When conducting lectures on descriptive geometry it is requested to use three-dimensional modeling not only as didactic means (demonstrativeness means), but also as a method of teaching (learning tool) to deal with various graphics tasks. Bearing this in mind, the essence of the implementation of 3D modeling is revealed with the aim of better understanding of the algorithms for solving both positional and metric tasks using spatial representation of graphic constructions. It is shown that the possibility to consider the built model from different angles is of particular importance, as well as the use of transparency properties for illustrating the results of solving geometric problems. Using 3D models together with their display on the plane, as well as text information promotes better assimilation and more lasting memorization of the material.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.5.176-183

References
  1. Novoselov S.A., Turkina L.V. Tvorcheskie zadachi po nachertatel'noy geometrii kak sredstvo formirovaniya obobshhennoy orientirovochnoy osnovy obucheniya inzhenerno-graficheskoy deyatel'nosti [Creative Tasks on Descriptive Geometry as a Means of Forming a Rough Basis for Studying Engineering and Graphics]. Obrazovanie i nauka [Education and Science]. 2011, no. 2 (81), pp. 31—41.
  2. Borisenko I.G. Innovatsionnye tekhnologii v prepodavanii nachertatel'noy geometrii pri formirovanii professional'nykh kompetentsiy [Innovational Technologies in Teaching Discriptive Geometry in the Process of Developing Professional Competences]. Vestnik IrGTU [Proceedings of Irkutsk State Technical University]. 2011, no. 12, pp. 355—357.
  3. Yadav A., Shaver G.M., Meckl P. Lessons Learned: Implementing the Case Teaching Method in a Mechanical Engineering Course. Journal of Engineering Education. 2010, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 55—64. DOI: 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2010.tb01042.x.
  4. Johri A., Olds B.M., Esmonde I., Madhavan K., Roth W.-M., Schwartz D.L., Tsang J., Sørensen E., Tabak I. Situated Engineering Learning: Bridging Engineering Education Research and the Learning Sciences. Journal of Engineering Education. 2011, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 151—185. DOI: 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2011.tb00007.x.
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  6. Pritykin F.N. Prepodavanie graficheskikh distsiplin s uchetom vozmozhnostey sovremennykh komp'yuternykh tekhnologiy [Teaching Graphic Disciplines, Taking into Account the Possibilities of Modern Computer Technologies]. Omskiy nauchnyy vestnik [Omsk Scientific Proceedings]. 2012, no. 4, (111), pp. 256—259.
  7. Tel'noy V.I. Novye podkhody k izucheniyu distsipliny «Inzhenernaya grafika» s ispol'zovaniem sovremennykh informatsionnykh tekhnologiy [New Approaches to the Study of Engineering Graphics Using Advanced Information Technologies]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 8, pp. 168—176.
  8. Abu Bakar Kamariah, Tarmizi Rohani Ahmad, Ayub Ahmad Fauzi Mohd., Yunu Aida Suraya Md. Effect of Utilizing Geometer’s Sketchpad on Performance and Mathematical Thinking of Secondary Mathematics Learners: An Initial Exploration. Available at: http://www.wseas.us/journals/educationinformation/eit-70.pdf. Date of access: 22.01. 2014.
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  10. Rychkova A.V. Sovershenstvovanie metodiki prepodavaniya distsipliny «Inzhenernaya i komp'yuternaya grafika» [Improvement of Teaching Technique of the Disciplines «Engineering and Computer Graphics»]. Sovershenstvovanie podgotovki IT-spetsialistov po napravleniyu «Prikladnaya informatika» dlya innovatsionnoy ekonomiki: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov VIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Improvement of Preparation of IT-Experts in the Specialty «Applied Informatics» for the Innovation Economy: Collection of Scientific Works of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Moscow, MESI Publ., 2012, pp. 140—144.
  11. Semenova N.G. Primenenie komp'yuternogo modelirovaniya na lektsiyakh mul'timedia po tekhnicheskim distsiplinam [The Use of Computer Modeling on Multimedia Lectures on Technical Subjects]. Novye obrazovatel'nye tekhnologii v vuze: sbornik dokladov pyatoy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-metodicheskoy konferentsii, 4—6 fevralya 2008 goda [New Educational Technologies in High School: Collection of Reports of the 5th International Scientific and Methodological Conference, 4—6 February 2008]. In two parts. P. 1. Yekaterinburg, HPE USTU Publ., 2008, pp. 339—343.
  12. Fedotova N.V. Trekhmernoe modelirovanie v prepodavanii graficheskikh distsiplin [Three-dimensional Modeling in Teaching Graphic Disciplines]. Fundamental'nye issledovaniya. Nauchnyy zhurnal [Fundamental Researches. Scientific Journal]. 2011, no. 12, Р. 1, pp. 68—70. Available at: www.fr.rae.ru. Date of access: 15.12.2013.
  13. Storchak N.A. Ispol'zovanie trekhmernogo modelirovaniya v protsesse obucheniya distsipliny «Inzhenernaya grafika» [ Using Three-dimensional Modeling in Learning Discipline «Engineering Graphics»]. Informatsionno-kommunikatsionnye tehnologii v podgotovke uchitelya tekhnologii i uchitelya fiziki: sbornik materialov nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Information and Communication Technologies in Educating Technology Teacher and Physics Teacher: Collection of Scientific and Practical Materials of the Conference]. P. 2. Kolomna, Moscow State Regional Socio-Humanitarian Institute, 2010, pp. 227—231. Available at: http://edu.ascon.ru/source/articles/kompas-3d_v_obrazovanii.pdf. Date of access: 15.12.2013.
  14. Guznenkov V.N. Informatsionnye tekhnologii v graficheskikh distsiplinakh tekhnicheskogo universiteta [Information Technologies in Graphical Disciplines in a Technical University]. Inzhenernyy vestnik [Engineering Proceedings]. 2012, no. 8. Available at: http://engbul.bmstu.ru/doc/469578.html.
  15. Tel'noy V.I. Ispol'zovanie didakticheskikh printsipov pri izuchenii gosudarstvennykh standartov ESKD i SPDS v kurse inzhenernoy grafiki [Using Didactic Principles in the Study of State Standards for the Unified System of Design Documentation and the System of Design Documentation for Civil Engineering in the Course of Engineering Graphics]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 3, pp. 255—262.

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