The article discusses some problems of combination of old and new elements of urban space development, positive interaction of which significantly contributes to the unity and originality of architectural and artistic image of a city. The сonstantly evolving complex structure of the city exists not only in space but also in time. With the time the spatial structure of the city changes, as well as the ideas about aesthetic values and the problems of combination of nonsimultaneous formation elements arise. In the article the problems are considered from several points of view: interaction of the old and the new, formation of the historical monuments, their estimation, protection and integration to the new system. Research and analysis of some integration problems of old and new in the development of urban space lead to the following main conclusions. In a complex system of a city the coexistence process of structures is important, created in different times - the integration of old and new, which forms the unity of the urban environment. Integration of old and new, where the old acquires new qualities and the new is in harmony with the old, forms the historical layers, which give the ability to perceive the city in time. The time factor, saturating these layers, gives the city a personality and creates a link between the past, the present and the future via physical structures. In the integration of old and new artistic image formation based on contrasting expressiveness is essential, which is also advisable in case of ensuring the compositional and artistic communication between new buildings and historic zones. In the structure of the city not only unique monuments are valuable, but also their later additions and ordinary building complexes, which are the elements that form the environment and conditions of its perception, express the characteristic features of a certain period and complement the multi-layered artistic image. The combination of old and new is more effective coexisting in the interconnected system of urban processes of layers, created in different times, where a rethought historic building changes the relationship with the environment, gets a new meaning, becomes viable, expands the artistic potential of the new ensemble and associates with the area and its history. Process of the protection of historical environment and facilities in the city should always be considered in a unified approach with the tasks of reconstruction and the formation of new complexes. Protection and reconstruction process should include a wide range of approaches. Task of protecting an individual object, its parts or the building complex, individually defined for each case, contributes to the saturation of the image, where the introduction of the elements of different periods illuminates the process of changes within long time period. In the case of the introduction of the new in the old, modern architectural form should be converted into a part of the formed structure, must not violate the general while showing individuality, but saturate its historical diversity and preserve the opportunity for further development, the formation of flexible composition systems capable to transformation, is an ongoing task in present.

The article examines social and philosophical problems of spatial planning and urban development from the 1920's until the present. From the historical point of view there are three phases: the 1920s, 1930-1980s, 1990-2010s. In the 1920s two approaches were used in the development of the country: technical and economic and personalistics. The first meant not only the development of power engineering but also of the economy in the whole country. The second lies in stimulation of active creative work, disclosure of worker’s personal potential. On the one hand, it was turned to economic and technical modernization on the basis of the State Plan of the Electrification of Russia; on the other, it was relied on "diligent farmer". In the 1930-1980s the technical and economic approach was dominating. In the 1990-2010s the market approach was widely extended. According to the latter, the development of the national economy should be executed depending on the law of demand and supply. In Russia the realization of the market economy based on demand and supply was reduced to development of exclusively highly profitable business. In the article the author uses the methods of historical knowledge, analysis and comparison and provides suggestions on solving problems of spatial planning and urban development. Special emphasis is placed on the Soviet experience of the 1920s, when the market relations have not been completely destroyed.

Wooden folk architecture is a unique layer of world cultural heritage. Over a period of one and a half centuries of research of wooden architecture heritage in Russia different forms of monuments preservation were worked out. The most effective of them is creation of wooden architecture museums out in the open. The article considers the activities of the Kostroma Museum of wooden architecture for preservation of landmarks under the Federal target program «Culture of Russia». The Museum was created in order to preserve the irrecoverable loss of monuments of wooden architecture of the Kostroma region. The objects of wooden architecture require regular attention of restorers with the purpose of maintenance of monuments in the standard condition, timely restoration and conservation activities. The support of the Federal target program «Culture of Russia» has provided a series of repair-restoration, project and research works. The museumification of monuments as a large regional network, when creating sufficient transport and tourist infrastructure, would enrich the tourist and cultural map of the Kostroma region. The author sets out the prerequisites for creating the Program for the preservation of monuments of wooden architecture, examples of similar programs in force in other regions of the Russian Federation.

Monasteries, their activity and lifestyle have always played an important role in the culture of various nations. Monasteries are objects of cultural heritage. Their architecture is connected with national features on a nation, particular canons of Christian (orthodox, catholic), Buddhistic or other religion. The article describes ancient monasteries in Russia amid the global development, historical national characteristics monasteries are analyzed, as well as architectural ensembles, reflecting the function and role of monasteries in public life, showing their spiritual and cultural heritage, monastic tradition, the historical value of the monastic landscape and its conservation conditions, the inclusion of the monasteries in the world cultural heritage is noted.

In the article the authors present advanced constructions of prestressed reinforced concrete flat ceiling, where high-strength ropes in elastic shell are used as stressed reinforcement. The novelty of the solution lays in diagonal arrangement of hard valves and use of high-strength ropes in a flexible shell of "Monostrand" type. This type of prestress, in our opinion, is the most acceptable from technical point of view for selective reinforcement of separate tense rods or cables. The use of pre-stressed reinforcement in the form of individual rods or cables increases the rigidity and crack resistance of concrete beamless slabs. The use of high-strength ropes in the monostrand-type shell makes it possible to prestress in frames of single cell plate or floor in general and to reduce labour input for stressing armature. The paper presents original solution with diagonal position of the valve. The authors suggest the use of prestressed diagonal valves as in all cells of the floor with the cells of the same or only slightly different size and in separate cells of the floor (for roofs with different cells). The diagonal location of stressed reinforcement proposed in the work is an efficient solution for extending the range of dimensions and loads size.

The presented article considers the following complex of tasks. The main stages of the life cycle of a building construction with the indication of process entrance and process exit are described. Requirements imposed on steel constructions are considered. The optimum range of application for steel designs is specified, as well as merits and demerits of a design material. The nomenclature of metal designs is listed - the block diagram is constructed. Possible optimality criteria of steel designs, offered by various authors for various types of constructions are considered. It is established that most often the criterion of a minimum of design mass is accepted as criterion of optimality; more rarely - a minimum of the given expenses, a minimum of a design cost in business. In the present article special attention is paid to a type of objective function of optimization problem. It is also established that depending on the accepted optimality criterion, the use of different types of functions is possible. This complexity of objective function depends on completeness of optimality criterion application. In the work the authors consider the following objective functions: the mass of the main element of a design; objective function by criterion of factory cost; objective function by criterion of cost in business. According to these examples it can be seen that objective functions by the criteria of labor expenses for production of designs are generally non-linear, which complicates solving the optimization problem. Another important factor influencing the problem of optimal design solution for steel designs, which is analyzed, is account for operating restrictions. In the article 8 groups of restrictions are analyzed. Attempts to completely account for the parameters of objective function optimized by particular optimality criteria, taking into account all the operating restrictions, considerably complicates the problem of designing. For solving this task it can be offered to use informational technologies and opportunities of automated systems. For this purpose it is necessary to develop the automated system of steel designs, allowing to consider some criteria of optimality and a wide range of the restrictions for steel structural designs. This will allow to accelerate projection process, to reduce labor input of a designer and essentially increase the quality of design solutions for steel designs.

The article regards calculation of 16-storied building with seismic isolation in the form of elastomeric bearings on two-component accelerograms with different dominant frequencies. The problem was solved in software package LS-DYNA by forth integration of motion equations according to explicit scheme. The research showed the dependence of horizontal displacements of bearing top in relation to bottom at earthquakes given by accelerograms with different spectral structure. The article analyzes the results of the work.

An equation commonly used to describe solute transport in aquifers has attracted more attention in recent years. After a formal study of some aspects of the advection-diffusion equation, basically from the mathematical point of view with the solution of a differential equation with fractional derivative, the main interest to this problem shifted onto physical aspects of the dynamical system, such as the total energy and the dynamical response. In this regard it should be pointed out that the interaction with environment is expressed in terms of stochastic arrow of time. This allows one also to reach a progress in one more issue. Formerly the equation of advection-diffusion was not obtained from any physical principles. However, mainly the success concerns linear fractional systems. In fact, there are many cases in which linear treatments are not sufficient. The more general systems described by nonlinear fractional differential equations have not been studied enough. The ordinary calculus brings out clearly that essentially new phenomena occur in nonlinear systems, which generally cannot occur in linear systems. Due to vast range of application of the fractional advection-dispersion equation, a lot of work has been done to find numerical solution and fundamental solution of this equation. The research on the analytical solution of initial-boundary problem for space-fractional advection-dispersion equation is relatively new and is still at an early stage of development. In this paper, we will take use of the method of variable separation to solve space-fractional advection-dispersion equation with initial boundary data.

Modern urban policies, particularly in major towns, involve the active use of underground space that poses the problem of assessing the impact of excavation on the existing buildings as one of the most urgent. Surface and semi-closed construction methods are currently widespread in the process of urban civil and transport underground facilities construction. The depth of excavation can reach 30 m, but more often, in everyday practice common foundation pits have shallower depth, accommodating 2—4 underground levels (6—12 m).
In the process of solving such problems not only the forces occurring in the foundation pit fence are of great interest, but also a quantitative change in the stress-strain state of the rock mass. In modern engineering practice in order to solve them numerical methods based on the finite element method are widely applied, which can quantify soil stress-strain state.
In this study, the authors present the investigation of the influence of various factors within their variation on the additional deformations of adjacent buildings located in the influence zone, using the design of experiment method. The study is based on 3-dimensional numerical simulation with the use of finite element method. Such calculated factors were taken: the depth of excavation (X1), modulus of deformation (X2), the distance to the building (X3) and distributed load of the building (X4).
As a result, regression equations to determine the maximum additional deformation of building and horizontal displacement of the pit fence were derived from the calculations carried out. Also, the graphs describing these dependencies and illustrating the effect of each factor were presented

Boron-nitrogen compounds (BNC) have been successfully used to create bio- and fire-protective compositions for wood. Within the framework of this study, our aim was to assess the toxicity of the boron-nitrogen compounds by bioluminescent method with the use of environmental control device "Biotox-10M" and highly sensitive biosensor "Ecolum". We also defined toxicological parameters EC20 and EC50 and concluded, that all the wood preservation compounds are highly toxic, whereby, it is advisable to use them for external protection of wooden structures. As a result of BNC toxicity assessment, it is necessary to consider that any effective bio- and fireprotectives, will be highly toxic. Our researches stated, that BNC protective compositions are highly toxic and, therefore, it is possible to conclude their applicability for external wood processing.

The trend of high growth of the vehicle fleet in Russia along with the positive impact on the socio-economic development of the country has a number of adverse consequences, one of which is the high accident rate on the roads. The paper considers modern way to provide the safe vehicles flow with the use of colored asphalt, which is a kind of hot asphalt and can have a variety of colors, which consists of coloring pigments. The conventional method of coloring the asphalt mix is produced by adding color rubble or pigmenting additives. The task, which was put forward, was the establishment of such road concrete mix, from which, without the use of primary materials and without increasing the consumption of bitumen, asphalt concrete road surfaces of acceptable strength could be obtained. As a pigment the dust of gas purification system of electrical furnace DSP – 60 of «Kamastal» plant, Perm, was used. The composition of the dust waste from the furnace consists of metal oxides and silicates. Dust-gas-cleaning is a fine powder with a high specific surface (1.2…2.5 thousand cm2/g) and bulk density of 3.7…4.2 g/cm3. The powder color is dark brown. The density of the ready colored asphalt samples is 2.47...2.49 g/cm2, and water saturation is 3.50…3.55 %. As a result of the research the diagrams of the dependence of road concrete mix’s water saturation from dust percentage and a diagram of dependence of concrete mixes’ durability from dust percentage at t = 20° and 50° C were built. After analyzing the obtained curves it can be concluded that the increase of the percentage of dust leads to increase of water saturation of road concrete mix and reduced strength.
Thus, the developed asphalt concrete mix allows visually separating the lanes on the road, it has the relevant regulatory requirements durability and water resistance. This mixture corresponds to the type B mark III and can be used in regions I, II, and partly III of road-climatic zones, characterized by cold and humid climate.

The nature is subject to severe antropogenous impacts and dramatically changes its quality. Urban development is a process of environmental intervention, a process of its artificial change in such a speed, which doesn’t correspons to the speed of biospheric evolutions and natural selection. By improving our life quality, a human destroys the usual interrelation of living organisms with natural environment. The concepts of urban development and suburbanization of territories existing nowadays have their advantages and disadvantages from ecological point of view. The paper considers the reasons and major problems of ecological reconstruction of the urban space. Preconditions of the integrated ecological approach to the town evolution are shown in the work, as well as some generalizing conclusions concerning security assurance of the environment of the city of Volgograd. The priority trend for the urban areas suburbanization is presented.

The article is devoted to hydraulic modeling of flows with counter-rotating coaxial layers. Dynamic similarity criteria of such flows were found by the inspection analysis of the Reynolds equations. It was found that the hydrodynamic similarity criteria for physical modeling of unsteady turbulent circular-longitudinal flows with counter-rotating coaxial layers of viscous incompressible fluid are: Strouhal number - the ratio of forces of local and convective inertia, Rossby number characterizes the ratio of the azimuthal and axial velocity, Froude number - the ratio of forces of convective inertia to the forces of gravity, Euler number - the ratio of pressure forces to the convective forces of inertia, Weber number - the ratio of the convective inertia forces to surface tension forces, Reynolds number - the ratio of the convective inertia forces to the forces of molecular viscosity, Karman number - the ratio of dispersion velocity vector of fluid particles to the flow velocity. The limit value of the Reynolds number was found at the lower boundary conditions of automodel zone of such flow. It is shown that Weber and Rossby criteria for physical modeling of such flows are not determinative. It was found out that turbulent circular-longitudinal flow with counter-rotating coaxial layers are not modeled using Karman criterion. In this connection, there is a need to conduct experimental methodological research of turbulent flows with counter-rotating coaxial layers on stands equipped means of three-dimensional laser Doppler anemometry. Integral criteria of dynamic similarity of circular-longitudinal flows was considered - Heeger-Baer number (swirl number) and Abramovich number, characterizing the ratio of the angular momentum and momentum of such flows. In comparison with the swirl number, Heeger-Baer number is more preferable. Abramovich number is equal to the geometric characteristics of the local swirler as similarity criterion of circular-longitudinal incompressible fluid flows, including counter-rotating coaxial layers. Basing on summation of the angular momenta of coaxial counter-rotating layers, integral criterion of dynamic similarity of these flows was obtained. A common system of basic hydrodynamic similarity criteria was defined for physical modeling of unsteady turbulent circular-longitudinal viscous liquid flows with counter-rotating coaxial layers. For this kind of flow criterial equation was compiled.

Effective parameters on feasibility of sediment flushing through reservoirs include hydrological, hydraulic, and topographic properties of the reservoirs. In this study, the performances of the Decision tree forest (DTF) and Group method of data handling (GMDH) for assessing feasibility of flushing sediment from reservoirs, were investigated. In this way, Decision tree Forest, that combines multiple Decision tree, used to evaluate the relative importance of factors affecting flushing sediment. At the second step, GMDH deployed to predict the feasibility of flushing sediment from reservoirs. Results indicate that these models, as an efficient novel approach with an acceptable range of error, can be used successfully for assessing feasibility of flushing sediment from reservoirs.

In the article the main legislation regulating apartment houses management activities is reviewed. Standards of apartment houses management are considered: the organization of rendering services and the performance of work, the services and the works provided, interaction with public authorities and local governments on the questions connected with a management of an apartment house. The documents, in which the requirements to providing favorable and safe conditions of accommodation of citizens in apartment houses, which have to be provided by means of technical service, are stated. The documents establishing the need to provide reliability and safety of apartment houses are considered; safety for life and health of citizens; safety and availability of using property; constant readiness of engineering communications and other equipment for providing utilities; observance of requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation on energy saving and on increasing power efficiency, etc. The documents governing the relations on providing utilities to owners and users of rooms in apartment houses are also considered, as well as the rules of granting, the order of the payment size establishing for utilities and changes in payment size when granting their inadequate quality; implementation of calculations and the conclusion of contracts of subjects of management in apartment houses with the utilities organization. Legislative requirements to the local governments’ activities are determined by creation of good conditions for apartment houses management. The evolution of legislative and regulatory support of apartment houses management is investigated. The conclusion of its dynamic development is drawn in all the activities connected to apartment houses management.

At present a territory is considered as the basis for effective socio-economical development of the region. However, special attention should be paid to the presence of available resources on the territory under consideration, as well as the conditions of their future development. The availability and/or the possibility of creating/upgrading the existing resources encourage today the accumulated potential of the territory. Potential of the area is a set of capabilities and different levels of impact on the total potential of the area and includes such resources as natural, human, investment, innovation, employment, scientific and technological, demographic, urban development, tourism, tax, financial, recreational, marketing, cluster and infrastructure, as well as other kinds of potentials. The prospects for the development of enterprises or their complexes determine the capacities of the territory, the basis of their operation being the location. In this connection it is necessary to consider the basic types of potential undertakings, which the article refer to: marketing, investment, innovation, employment, tax, industrial, economic, resources. For more exact information and accurate prediction each primary resource must include a group of elements. The number of analyzed resources, as well as their elements, is not limited. However an obligatory demand for including the resources or their elements in the list is their exceptional importance for the development of the subject. For efficient operation of enterprises or their complexes in a certain area it is necessary to identify the sources of coordinated development of land and property of the complex, the purpose of which is to obtain maximum benefit from the combination of "territory↔enterprise (s)". For this aim we suggest assessing the possibility of long-term development according to the following scenario: establishment of a list of core resources, having impact on businesses, identification of the components of each of them, identifying their importance to predict their changes. The received information is necessary for a more precise definition of business-building complex "territory↔enterprise (s)".

Integrated management system construction can be considered a way that transforms using business processes and information resources into final construction products. Autonomous system of quality management, environmental, health and safety organizations introduction usually lead to the accumulation of duplicate documents, which increase the time spent on processing and analysis as well as increase the financial costs of maintaining the operation of each of them separately. System integration allows reducing these costs and entailing the most obvious benefits: reduced volumes of documents; reduction of time spent on analysis; reducing the cost of audit and certification; involvement of all the employees of the organization; productivity growth; increasing the attractiveness for consumers; reducing the burden on administrative and executive devices; ensuring a high level of flexibility in the organization's management system in case of internal and external changes. Integration of quality management systems, environmental management and safety management systems, production and safety led to the possibility to establish such integrated management system in developing building companies, which allows establishing a unified management system, as an element of management of organization. The main drawback of the currently used standards and specifications is the lack of flexibility of their application, as well as the basic principles and approaches to their implementation. Thus, knowing about what the system should be, but not knowing how to create it, many organizations have to operate without methodological support. Absence of mandatory standards concerning integration of management systems creates opportunities for the existence of multiple options for interaction systems. Economic effects on the integrated management system is formed from three sources: the reduction of production costs by improving product quality and reducing defects and inconsistencies; reducing the cost of paying for sick leave, sanatorium treatment of employees, etc.; reduction of fines by environmental services, increase of sales and labour volumes by strengthening the competitiveness and sustainability of the products; possible increase in the price of manufactured products.

In the article the system processes of investment and construction activities (ISA) are considered as a set of economic space and time. The concept of economic space contains a generalized representation of the properties of technical and economic system in the initial state of its development. The space of investment and construction activities is a techno-economic system, the space, in which the movement is possible within the framework of sustainable development. A characteristic feature of economic space is its unity and indivisibility. The concept of economic space is closely related to the concept of economic time. The transition from one state of techno-economic system to another is described by the input and output variables. The task of ISA is to achieve optimal conditions for the rational use of system resources. The article identifies and discusses ISA subsystems and their interaction in the coordinate system. The space investment and construction activities encompasses a set of core and auxiliary processes, the behavior of techno-economic system, its mode of functioning in the context of sustainable development.

Logistics is an effective tool in business management. Metal trading business is a part of metal promotion chain from producer to consumer. It's designed to serve as a link connecting the interests of steel producers and end users. We should account for the specifics warehousing trading. The specificity of warehouse metal trading consists primarily in the fact that the purchase is made in large lots, and the sale - in medium and small parties. Loading and unloading of cars and trucks is produced by overhead cranes. Some part of the purchased goods are shipped in relatively large lots without presales preparation. Another part of the goods undergoes presale preparation. Indoor and outdoor warehouses are used with the address storage system. In the process of prolonged storage the metal rusts. Some part of the goods is subjected to final completion (cutting, welding, coloration) in service centers and small factories, usually located at the warehouse. The quantity of simultaneously shipped cars, and the quantity of the loader workers brigade can reach few dozens. So it is necessary to control the loading workers, to coordinate and monitor the performance of loading and unloading operations, to make the daily analysis of their work, to evaluate the warehouse operations as a whole. There is a need to manage and control movement of cars and trucks on the warehouse territory to reduce storage and transport costs and improve customer service. ERP-systems and WMS-systems, which are widely used, do not cover fully the functions and processes of the warehouse trading, and do not effectively manage all logistics processes. In this paper the specialized software is proposed. The software is intended for operational logistics management in warehouse metal products trading. The basic functions and processes of metal warehouse trading are described. The effectiveness indices for logistics processes and key effective indicators of warehouse trading are proposed. The developed software permit taking into account the described above specifics of metal products warehouse trading. The software can be easily integrated with ERP-systems and WMS-systems. The software contains the module of consolidation, which allows evaluating and comparing the quality of the logistics operations in a group of companies. The software was implemented and effectively used in a large metal trading company, which has few dozens of warehouses. Some results of mathematical simulation are presented.

The article analyzes the possibilities of polyhedral structures’ formation basing on the automated construction of orthographic drawings (trace diagrams) derived from Johnson bodies. Projective Graphical method makes it possible to simulate the new multi-faceted forms with the help of the trace diagrams selected as a basis of a polyhedron. The computer program developed for this aim allows receiving both trace diagrams and diverse visual images of newly created polygonal shapes. Due to the large number of possible solutions it is proposed to use trace diagrams themselves (based on their degree of symmetry) as a tool to assess the feasibility of using this or that Johnson body as a basis for further shaping.