The paper gives an overview of the evolution of the construction sector within the European unification process and explains the reasons why this evolution happened, how it was organized and lived, and where it is leading. The links between the main stages of this process and the European legislation specific to the construction sector are presented, and the main prescriptions of the Construction Products Directive are reviewed. The need to express the characteristics of products in terms of performance is emphasized and data are given on the CEN program of harmonized product standards, test methods and calculation methods standards. The CEN standards on construction works such as the EUROCODES are also presented, its impact on existing regulatory systems is discussed and some conclusions are drawn on the added value of the European input to the construction sector.

Long rooms often make substantial contributions into the noise energy distribution inside buildings. Application of methods of theoretical geometry to the analysis of sound energy distribution patterns in hallway-like premises can cause considerable errors in the implementation of noise protection actions.The method of noise analysis based on statistical principles is proposed in the article. It originates from one-dimensional quasi-diffusive representation of a sound field in long rooms. Interrelation between the stream and the density gradient of reflected sonic energy, as well as consideration of the energy balance in respect of elements of extended room make it possible to design a mathematical model of a stationary noise field in the form of a differential equation that has boundary conditions. The authors have developed a numerical model of a differential equation based on the statistical energy approach using the Zeydel method of simple iterations, and a software programme designated for the analysis of noise fields of long rooms. The Zeydel method demonstrates its high efficiency as it has proven fast convergence of results and takes up a small amount of computer memory because of the tape-like shape of matrix coefficients of the system equations. Comparison of analytical and experimental data has demonstrated high precision of calculations made for rooms that have various acoustic and spacelanning parameters. The method can be used to design sound proofing actions inside premises of civil and industrial buildings.

The article covers the problems of modernization of buildings of research institutions and, in particular, the future use of existing buildings, that is, their restructuring and adjustment to new objectives, or demolition and construction of new buildings instead of demolished ones. The authors highlight functional, technological, structural and compositional constituents of this problem. The authors provide examples of buildings restructured both in Russia through the involvement of the authors, and worldwide. Their conclusions represent a list of major issues that need to be resolved as part of the decision-making process concerning the future use of buildings:availability of layout plans of the building to accommodate the proposed functional processes as well as flexibility in terms of any future changes;assessment of potential improvement of the architectural environment in terms of reduction of functional connections, provision of formal and informal communications, and improvement of visual connections;the load bearing capacity of building structures, including floors and ceilings slabs;sufficiency of the floor height;suitability of existing technical rooms and shafts and possibility of their extension to assure a flexible layout;assessment of the working capacity and service life of structural elements of the building;selection of the applicable technology and sequence of works to ensure a minimal impact produced on the operation of an enterprise; the need for temporary facilities and the cost of relocation of existing services and business units.

Cities tend to widely employ their underground space whenever selection of the model of compact spatial development is under discussion. There’s been growth in the complexity of approaches (“underground cities” of Canada and Japan), their planning, validity, consistency of implementation (master plans of underground areas of cities in Finland, the Netherlands, China, Singapore, etc.).Moscow still lags behind in terms of the scale and complexity of its “Urban Underground Space”, although the city has everything in place to transfer its engineering and transportation facilities, social, scientific and industrial infrastructure under the ground. Initial steps have already been made (The Concept for the Underground Space Development and Principal Trends for the Underground Development of Moscow, parts of the City Master Plan for the period up to 2025 provide for the planned goals in the underground development of each functional area).However, new political and economic realities require a systemic consideration of the problem and improvement of conceptual approaches, as the underground space is an integral part of the developed area. In this regard, substantial reform of the public administration in this area is necessary, first of all, in the field of spatial planning, as well as coordination of the underground planning with the adjacent sectors of the economic activity, adequate development of the system of legal, information and other types of support, urban regulation and engineering research, primarily on the federal level. Successful fundraising needs an adequate mechanism of assessment of the social and economic efficiency of development of the underground space of cities.Even if new territories are annexed to Moscow, the issue of underground development remains of vital importance. This is a rare opportunity to address the ambitious task of creating a unique comfortable environment for Muscovites to assure the sustainable development of the territory according to the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation. Therefore, any amendment into the Master Plan of the city needs a differentiated assessment of expediency of any underground construction project in each area under consideration, including the assessment of planning options and further selection of the most reasonable ones.

Any selection of sites to accommodate mining enterprises (ME) shall inflict a minimal damage to the environment and humans. Consideration of environmental effects caused by various factors of anthropogenic impacts and development of environmental protection plans involve the assessment of their significance.The authors explain the methodology of substantiation of optimal siting of mining enterprises exemplified by Klen gold and silver deposit in Bilibin region of Chukot Autonomous District. Ranking of impacts produced by various factors serves as the basis for the procedure of the site selection. SWOT analysis of these factors must be completed. The factors of pollution and violation of the geological environment, pollution of surface waters and the water intake, atmospheric pollution, impacts produced on flora and fauna, and physical effects are discussed.A ranking pattern must be customized for each mining enterprise due to the wide variety of features that mining enterprises demonstrate (production patterns and technologies, master plans, natural and anthropogenic conditions).

The author proposes a historical and philosophical approach to the problem of correlation between the life activity and the urban environment. Urban planning and development demonstrate different features in different historical epochs. Intensive growth of cities and their population cause us to use philosophical terms, such as motion, time and space. These are the basic terms of the town planning practice.In the ancient world, urban planning absorbed philosophical ideas and ideas of the nascent science. Aristotle defines motion as transition from possibility to reality. Architectural and engineering solutions integrate the notion of space into the town planning and demonstrate aspiration into the future and its desired perfection.Architecture is most philosophical constituent of the town planning practice. Architecture implements the ideas of town planning through the principles of steadiness, statics, tectonics, representation of structures in artistic figures, and constituent elements of motion as a conception of time.Motion and duration of events and phenomena are the measure of time. Mathematics concretizes the essence of space, defines spatial notions of point, line, segment, plane, and volume.The end of the 20th century brought abrupt changes in town planning. It depended on intensive advancements in science and technology, spontaneous expansion of cities and emergence of new spatial forms for the humankind. In modern architecture, there is a need for new methods of town building. Spiritual values became relevant. Now the urban environment is to embody new values. There is a need for special qualities of the urban building: the urban environment should take account of psychosocial, visual and behavioral aspects of perception of spatial objects. The most important factor is the human one. These ideas constitute the spirit of time; they must have some aesthetic content, so that people could be proud of their houses, localities and towns. The works ofEuropean architect James Frazer serve as the example of this point of view.

In the first part of the article, notions of «τόπος» and «hora» are opposed as the archetypes of «the place». For example, a more exact size of a place (the size that appeals to the characteristics of “topos”) can be defined using cartographical terms measured a priori or through the connection with other places. As for the size of “hora”, it is characterized by a certain degree of relativity. In the second part of the article, subjective and objective connections of a person and a place are analyzed. Etienne Souriau`s point of view is cited as an example. According to his opinion, a certain part of the space can represent a place on condition that it is the subject of cognition. Also, Georges Perec`s view is considered, according to which a measurable size of a place doesn`t always coincide with a perceptional, tangible size (which is a characteristic of “hora”). A similar reflection can be found in Martin Heidegger`s, Maurice Merleau-Ponty`s, Georges Didi-Huberman`s researches. Positions of representatives of the humanistic geography are studied. They believe that a place has a size of “hora”, not a topographical size. That is, a place is determined not through geographical coordinates (a position in space) but through the meaning which people attribute to a certain part of space.The third part of the article has the author’s reflections about the fact that the 20th century brought the notion of «non-place» as opposed to the notion of «place». This term was introduced by French anthropologist Marc Augé. The notion of «non-place» is opposed to the notion of «anthropological place» (lieu antropologique), that is opposed to the place which has anthropological characteristics. «Non-places» are spaces without their own sense and purpose. They give rise to new scales of communication, relations and movements in the post-industrial society.

Results of calculations of values of static and cyclical strength of steels used in the structural design and based on the method of experimental and analytical coordination of hardness numbers are presented in the article. Strength measurements taken on the basis of the Rockwell method make it possible to research into the strength characteristics of small-size samples of steel in cases of restoration and inspection of the technical condition of the metalwork. Besides, the Rockwell method is universal and faster than the Brinell method.Thus, the availability of hardness values of small-size samples makes it possible to provide a definition of standard indicators of static and cyclical strength. Moreover, development of the definition of structural and power (synergetic) criteria of reliability of metalsusing the equation of relative strength turn into reality. The solution to this equation ofuniform plastic deformations of dmakes it possible to identify S , S , W , W values.р B K P C The initial experimental value of the hardness number may be used to calculate avariety of static and cyclical properties of steel and to identify the standard strength group and the approximate steel type counterpart.

The author proposes a structural solution of monolithic slab floors of buildings,10x10 m. It is a kind of a monolithic slab with intersecting beams (span of beams — 2 m). The use of monolithic waffle slabs instead of flat slabs reduces consumption of concrete by the floor structure. Reduced thickness of monolithic waffle slab floors is much smaller than the thickness of a flat slab, but its total thickness increases, depending on the height of the beam.Monolithic waffle slab floors were calculated by the author using analytical and computer methods. The results of calculations completed using LIRA software system were significantly (about 50 %) different from the calculation results based on the analytical methodology. In computer calculations, the floor slab is considered as a beam-edge slab. Whereas according to the analytical method of calculation, intersecting beams are considered separately, and slabs between them are also calculated independently.However, the construction and subsequent behaviour of the floor calculated using the analytical method, make it possible to consider this method of calculation as reliable. It should be noted that the real behaviour of monolithic wafer slab floor differs from the ideal computer simulation model which ignores the redistribution of forces inside reinforced concrete structures. On the other hand, simplified patterns of analytical calculations fail to reproduce the real behaviour of structures. Therefore, the results of both calculations were taken into account in the design.

The authors argue that bearing walls of buildings that have up to four stories can be designed and made of small cellular concrete blocks. These walls demonstrate advantages specific to solid masonry walls. For example, they have high water vapor permeability. Whenever the internal humidity increases, half of the moisture content can be extracted from the masonry due to the water vapour permeability of external walls, while the other half of the moisture content can go back into the room (due to the sorption capacity of the wall material). Furthermore, any lower density wall material has smaller heat absorption capacity to ensure a comfortable environment.The application of small cellular concrete blocks as a wall material is an alternative to thoroughly insulated multi-layer external walls. The authors present options of structural solutions of external walls of buildings.It is noteworthy that due to the relatively low strength of cellular concrete, walls have a low bearing capacity. Cellular concretes are brittle.Control tests of small cellular concrete blocks made in the natural environment do not always prove the desired compressive strength. In addition, strength properties of small cellular concrete wall blocks may vary. The authors present their findings in terms of their examination of the technical condition of mid-rise buildings that have walls made of small cellular concrete blocks. The authors consider the reasons for the defects of walls made of small cellular concrete blocks.

The author examines possible reasons for the fracturing of external three – layered walls that have an efficient insulation of the thickness of 120 — 150 mm. The external wall layer is made of bricks. A comparative analysis of the temperature distribution inside the walls has demonstrated that the full-depth frost penetration into the brick facing of the wall that has 120 mm insulation occurs when the outside temperature is below –1 °C. However, the same effect occurs when the outside temperature is below –3 °C in respect of walls that have 50 mm insulation.If the average monthly temperature pattern, particularly the autumn one, is taken into consideration, in the event of the average November temperature of –2.2 °C the chance of full — depth wall freezing is higher if the insulation layer is thicker, and lower, if the insulation layer is 50 mm thick. The analysis of average monthly temperatures and ranges of their fluctuations has revealed that full-depth wall freezing lasts for 6 months, if the insulation layer is 120 mm thick, and if the insulation layer is thinner, the effect lasts only for 4 months. These calculations have proven that the thicker the insulation, the higher the temperature deformations and temperature stresses within the outside brick layer. These effects accelerate the fracturing of three — layered walls.

The problem of stability of polymer rods with account for creeping was resolved using the energy method customized by Tymoshenko and Ritz. Possible patterns of displacements were provided in the form of trigonometric series with undetermined coefficients. The principle of the minimal total potential energy of the system was taken as the basis. According to this principle, the form in which the potential energy has a minimum value is implemented in all possible patterns of deformation occurring due to the loss of stability. The energy method makes it possible to replace the solution of complex differential equations by the solution of simple linear algebraic equations. The result was obtained numerically using MatLab software applicable to different equations describing deformations and stresses caused by the exposure to creeping. The problem was solved for low and high density polyethylene. The equation of Maxwell and Thompson was

Interaction between long piles and the adjacent soil has a spatial and temporal nature. This phenomenon is based on a set of non-linear and rheological properties of soils. Distribution of lateral forces between the surface and the pile toe is heavily dependent on the above properties. The process of formation of the stress-strain state around the pile can demonstrate decaying, constant or progressive velocity depending on the rheological processes in the soil that may be accompanied by hardening and softening processes at one and the same time. These processes may be caused by destruction and restoration of ties between clay soil particles, soil compaction and de-compaction. Predominance of the process of hardening leads to damping, while predominance of the process of softening causes progressive destruction. Description of this multi-component process depends on the rheological model of the soil. This research is based on the modified rheological model originally designed by Maxwell. The authors consider solutions to the problem of quantification of the stressstrain state of soil around the pile and their interaction. This research makes it possible to project motion patterns of long piles over the time and evaluate the limit of their long-term bearing capacity.

A study of the climatic conditions of the atmospheric dispersion has been performed within the framework of a hydrometeorological survey of the site of Nizhegorodskaya NPP (Navashino district, Nizhny Novgorod Region).According to the findings of annual synchronous observations performed at the NPP site and at the principal aerological station of Nizhny Novgorod in the median months of seasons, as well as the climatic data analysis over the region, representativeness of data generated at the principal station in relation to the NPP site data has been identified. In particular, it is proven that components of the wind velocity vector at the site and at the principal aerological station differ insignificantly. Analyses of characteristics of the atmospheric dispersion using relevant aerological data covering the period of 47 years (January 1964 to December 2010), as well as analyses of the climatic field of the meteorological dilution factor in the normal mode of operation of a separate power unit have been performed.The author has found that the approach to the study of the atmospheric dispersion is also applicable to the positioning and design of thermal power plants.

Comprehensive Engineering and Radiation Surveys (CERS) constitute the most important component of the final stage of the life cycle of NPPs, that is, decommissioning of nuclear power plants (NPP).Decommissioning of NPPs is accompanied by specific problems, including radioactive contamination, construction of shields, boxes and rooms, and the so-called residual radioactivity. Although these works account for the 20% of the total amount of work associated with decommissioning, they constitute a fundamental difference between decommissioning of any industrial enterprise and an NPP.Objectives, tasks, scopes and other matters of comprehensive engineering and radiological surveys that accompany the decommissioning of nuclear power plants are discussed by the author. They include:information basis, goals and objectives of CERS within the framework of decommissioning of NPP units;CERS programs;methods and means of engineering surveys;findings of engineering surveys;objectives, tasks and scopes of radiation surveys;methods and means of radiation surveys;findings of radiation surveys;objectives, scopes of application and contents of comprehensive engineering and radiation survey reports required for the decommissioning of NPP units;conclusions and recommendations based on the findings provided in CERS in respect of NPP units.

The article covers the relevant problem of dynamic monitoring of buildings and structures. Items exposed to dynamic monitoring primarily include high-rise buildings and structures, as well as buildings and structures exposed to crane loads.The authors provide the general procedure of dynamic monitoring and describe its principal stages. The whole succession of actions that constitute the monitoring of the technical condition of buildings and structures can be split into several stages to be stretched over the time period. The authors demonstrate the technical specifications (including dynamic parameters) of a building or a structure in the process of its operation in the form of a graph. The authors propose their methodology of dynamic monitoring that is considered on the basis of a simple example. The authors argue that the more technically sophisticated the item to be monitored, the tougher the requirements designated for its safe operation; therefore, the interval between the stages of monitoring should be shorter. Unique structures may need monitoring using automated stationary systems to be designed within the framework of special-purpose projects.

The authors argue that the operation of highways has proved that a substantial number of constructed and commissioned roads lose the durability and stability of their road beds for various reasons, including collapses and deformations caused by landslides off the slopes. Therefore, traditional construction technologies cannot provide the required performance parameters due to the elevation of road building and repair charges. Now the issue of improvement of performance parameters of a road bed constitutes a relevant objective. One of solutions contemplates application of geo-materials.A classification of geo-materials, their functional purposes and key parameters are considered in respect of the road bed construction. Various structural solutions applied in the course of construction of the road bed embankment in Vietnam are proposed.Geo-synthetic materials efficiently improve the durability and stability of road beds in harsh engineering, geological and hydrological conditions. However widespread introduction of geo-materials in Vietnam is restrained by the unavailability of regulatory documents and flow charts governing their application.

The relevance of the problem of construction waste management has proven to be true, as the statistical data reflect an increase in the amount of construction and demolition works in the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the current standards, regulatory documents and requirements applicable to construction waste processing. One of the most important challenges is a need to develop production schedules (PSs) applicable to the processes of management of construction and demolition waste. The process of coordination of PSs, their structure and contents is considered in the article in detail. There is a need for universal construction waste management software programmes. Development of these software programmes can promote essential results in projecting, modeling and research of the properties of waste management processes.

The authors analyze the role of self-contained heat sources in the process of replacement of organic fuel by nuclear fuel. The authors also consider alternative sources of heat supply and practical implementation of systems of nuclear heat supply.The authors argue that various technologies require a wide range of steam capacities (0.1...10 MPA) and that the distribution of its quantity is uneven: up to 60 % of steam consumed at the pressure of 0.8...1.4 MPa and up to 25 % — t the pressure of 0.5...0.8 MPa.The authors address one of major challenges of the energy consumption market — reduction of the share of fossil fuels in the fuel and energy mix of Russia. Fossil fuels may be replaced by the nuclear power if atomic sources are used not only in the production of electricity and heat supplies for end users, but also as sources of thermal power for industrial purposes.Generation of heat for industrial purposes is more complicated, particularly when steam is required as a heat carrier. One of solutions under consideration is the use of high-temperature water to extract steam for heating purposes.

The authors provide several philosophical views and an advanced theoretical approach to the positioning of branches of geo-ecology in the general network of ecologyrelated sciences. The present-day system of views in respect of the subject matter of geo-ecology is challenged by new developments and areas of research.Rock destabilization caused by construction works and further settling of adjacent areas inflicts the ecological damage. Lithosphere is responsible for the filtering and purification of the water; biogens and microelements are also added into the water within the lithosphere. Lithosphere accommodates subterranean structures, and it also serves as the living environment for microorganisms. These living organisms produce their influence onto lithogenesis; they can also modify conditions of construction and operation of subterranean structures accommodated as deep as several kilometers below the Earth surface. The subterranean space, taken as a constituent of the biosphere, produces a substantial impact on the quality of the environment on the Earth surface. Geo-ecological prerequisites of construction of subterranean structures are complex and understudied if compared to those that are considered before any construction works on the surface of the Earth. Problematic accessibility to deep massifs serves as the reason for their insufficient study. Geo-ecology of the subterranean space serves as one of the most important scientific branch that enjoys an independent subject matter and areas of research.

The main objective of the research was to study the migration of tritium as the most active radio-nuclide over radioactive waste storage landfills and to project the intensity of industrial pollution of water-bearing layers. Radioactivity is a distinctive feature of tritium. On the one hand, it promotes its extensive use in small quantities in various spheres of the human activity, and on the other hand, it produces a negative impact on the environment due to its ability to accumulate in cells. The author considers the issue of distribution of radio-nuclides both in horizontal and vertical directions to prevent or to limit their release into further zones of waste storage landfills.The proposed monitoring system detects the condition of storage facilities and adjacent zones from the viewpoint of environmental security. It is based on a reliable method of monitoring of the condition of structures. The objective is to ensure the security and further safe operation of depositories. The findings have also served as the instrument of evaluation of effectiveness of implementation of the proposed technology. The methodology assures a timely warning of potential danger due to the negative impact produced by near-surface storage facilities onto the environment in connection with the migration of radio-nuclides. Moreover, extension of the operating life of existing storage facilities may involve a substantial economic effect.

The author considers hydraulic characteristics of the flow inside pipes in case of the transitional mode of hydraulic resistance on the basis of the model taking account of the flow intermittency within the viscous sublayer. The author introduces the notion of the flow intermittency coefficient as its quantitative characteristic. The proposed coefficient represents the ratio of the time period of the turbulent flow near the pipe surface to the total observation time. The author discusses the relationship between the coefficient of the flow intermittency and the characteristics of resistance. The author has obtained dependencies applicable to exact and approximate calculations of the coefficient of inter- mittency. The coefficient of resistance, calculated on the basis of the formulas proposed for the coefficient intermittency of flow, reflects peculiarities of the behavior of the coefficient of resistance in the transition zone. Its application provides sufficient convergence with the experimental data.

The authors consider the viscosity and surface tension forces that produce their influence on the conditions of separation of the stream from a sharp crest weir. The authors have compiled an equation that takes account of the influence of all factors, including liquid pressure over the weir — H, weir height — P, liquid flow velocity — v, liquid density — ρ, dynamic viscosity — μ, surface tension σ, gravity acceleration — g, discharge per the unit of the weir width — q, width of the course — B. The authors have proven that the surface tension and liquid density are different for different types of liquids.As part of the experiment, a sharp crest weir was installed into a rectangular tray (6,000×100×200). The weir height was permanent, and it was equal to P = 60 mm. Experiments were conducted to register the moment of the flow separation from the weir wall. The experiment contemplated gradual pressure rise. The authors demonstrated that the stream separation from the weir wall that had a sharp crest occurred when the Weber’s number reached its critical value os that it was independent from the Reynold’s number.

The author considers one of the most important tasks to be tackled in the course of modeling of processes or phenomena, that is, identification of the degree of detail of a description. It is also applicable to energy systems and their efficiency. This task has a particular significance as any researcher needs to attribute names to the system elements and their states. This discussion originates from the basic provisions of the Ashby principles and fundamentals of the modeling of information systems in the realm of generalized states, or situations. A model should take a proper account of the fact that some information is lost whenever more detailed level of description is replaced by the less detailed one. Thus, the task consists in the hierarchical description of functioning systems. We introduce the hyper-system model to solve this task.The mathematical theory set forth in the paper proves that any losses of information about some object are inevitable whenever the level of description is changed. One may see new logical and mathematical problems arising in this field. For example, there is still no answer to the question how “deep” we can advance in our studies of hierarchical systems.

The authors consider the issues of power saving with reference to the engineering systems of buildings. One of the technologies aimed at the improvement of the energy efficiency of buildings contemplates the employment of PIR detectors used for the purpose of automation of building illumination systems. The proposed technology consists of the following two key elements: passive infrared PIR receivers and the Fresnel lens. Passive infrared PIR receivers detect the motion of warm spots against the permanent temperature background. Traditionally, these PIR receivers are incorporated into security systems and automatic switches.The receiver interacts with the external optical system through its Fresnel lens that divides the space into transparent and non-transparent sectors and focuses the infrared beaming on sensitive elements. Whenever a human being enters these sectors, a variable thermal signal is formed.The technology is applicable to design and production of the machinery which power consumption is minimal (for example, the power consumption of one detector is about 0.3 W).

In this article, the authors employ the infographic model of the man-machinery-environment system to analyze the secure operation of the system and its components from the viewpoint of the energy security. The research project contemplates the multi-component analysis of the man-machineryenvironment system represented as an infographic model, as well as the analysis of operation of systems that is safe from the viewpoint of energy and its supply. The basic subject of research represents the man-machineryenvironment system that is composed of individual components of the triad (or monads, including humans, machinery and the environment) and their paired combinations (or dyads, including humans and machinery, machinery and the environment, humans and the environment) as the local research facilities considered from the viewpoint of design of an energy efficient system.The overall objective of the research is to study basic rules and regularities of design of infographic models, their relationships and interactions to avoid conflicts and to prognosticate hazardous consequences in terms of the energy security of the system as a whole. As a result, the authors have systematized elementary infographic models within the framework of the conflict management theory.

The authors propose their original method of design of systems designated for the forecasting and monitoring of emergencies in different types of buildings. The new method represents an integrated set of versatile activities and systems, including a layout of sensor elements and communication channels, installation of the monitoring system in a building, a structure, or a set (a cluster) of buildings and structures, pilot system operation, and metrological system testing.Critical values of controlled parameters are pre-set in accordance with an adaptive mathematical model developed on the basis of the design documentation and the data generated in the course of inspection of buildings and/or structures. If the parameters of a structure exceed critical values pre-set by the system, automated decision-making procedure is actuated. It may cause the operation of the building to stop or, alternatively, it may restrict or even prevent access to some areas inside the building. In some cases, one should analyze the time periods between regular inspections to determine whether additional tests are needed, or to run an additional monitoring system.

In this article, the authors raise the issue of the upcoming trend in the economy, namely, the use of alternative sources of energy to meet the demand for electricity and heating in the areas that suffer from the underdeveloped infrastructure. For this purpose, analysis of existing renewable energy sources, compilation of interactive maps and databases of climatic conditions (solar radiation, wind roses, and temperature zones) is needed to assure a smooth operation of renewable energy facilities and to generate a geographical link between the above databases.The objective of the proposed technology designated for the assessment of options for the positioning of varied alternative sources of energy is to identify the types and quantities of alternative energy sources and to have them positioned on site. The authors believe that wind mills and energy generating facilities that consume low-temperature heat are impossible to operate in winter seasons in the areas that have cold climates.Positioning of alternative energy sources contemplates the analysis of the available data, collection of any missing data and update of the information available to date.

In this paper, the authors propose an approach to identification of the optimal structure of an automatic control system using CAD. The approach is based on the introduction of an abstract characteristic of reliability of control systems to take account of heterogeneity of versatile engineering systems designated for sustainable buildings.Application of the proposed method of selection of an automatic control system designed for CAD algorithms helps determine reliability as an abstract characteristic of an automatic control system.Integration of the above algorithm into the CAD system will ensure selection of automatic control engineering systems of buildings with account for the critical values of control systems with reference to particular buildings.

The author has generated an original solution of simulated surfaces of a doubleplate framework for the new iso-rhomboidal star-like shape that has 16 faces.The aforesaid solution was successfully applied in the construction of projectivegraphical images and in the design of basic models of plate frameworks generated in the form of two inter-crossing tetrahedrons.The bi-coloured solution has proven the original nature of the drawing thanks to the faces of both tetrahedrons. The computer simulation of images of new iso-rhomboidal star-like items contemplates a reliable transfer of separate dimensions of their faces and typical stripes of their lattices.Similarly, a bi-coloured plate framework for the new iso-rhomboidal star-like item may be produced. A 3D plate framework was successfully produced using the aforesaid drawings, inclusive of axonometric and graphic images of typical faces.Two types of plate modules were used in the design of the new iso-rhomboidal starlike shape. The new unique graphical solution implemented in the bi-coloured double-plate framework, produced using the module assembly method, has a practical importance for the purposes of design of landscape architecture products and major structural design projects.

The main objective of couches employed with MGSU Department of Physical Training and Sports consists in the improvement of the quality of physical training of specialists. Attainment of this objective requires new incentives, advanced knowledge sharing and dissemination technologies.Development and implementation of the software programme responsible for the monitoring of the psychophysical health of students and available 24 hours a day is one of the challenges of Department of Physical Training and Sports. One of the most important tasks to be solved by lecturers of higher education institutions is to teach students to assess their health. This task may also involve development of a software programme to serve as a uniform source of information needed for effective interaction between coaches (lecturers) and students.The software is being developed by Department of Physical Training and Sports in collaboration of Department of Mathematics and Informatics. When the software is in operation, the coaches will be able to monitor the physical condition of students. The software programme will also analyze the health data within the entire period of training of each student at an institution of higher education. All data will be automatically processed. The software programme will be a good self-check diary available at any time. All data entered into the database will be strictly confidential. Each registered student will have a personal page protected by the password and the login name; however, access to the general database will be available to lecturers and coaches who will be responsible for adjustments to personal health improvement and physical training programmes.

The authors argue that professional psycho-physical training of MGSU students is to be based on a personality oriented approach due to varied levels of health, physical fitness and medical groups of students. A personality centered approach in physical training contemplates individual health improvement programmes, innovative technologies, consideration of comprehensive health monitoring data and implementation of individual training sessions developed for MGSU students with a view to their higher motivation in terms of their motion activity.Each MGSU student is to take physical training tests. They serve as the basis for individualized recommendations that encompass individual health improvement programmes and physical condition improvement plans. Coaches are to provide their advice at each stage of the process of testing and improvement of the physical health of students.The authors argue that the personality oriented approach generates a double benefit: besides its health-related bonuses, students get more involved in practicing physical training exercises and sports.