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Borovkov Valeriy Stepanovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Hydraulics, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; mgsu-hydraulic@ yandex.ru;
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Volynov Mikhail Anatol’evich -
A.N. Kostyakov All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation (VNIIGiM)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Chair, Department of Water Resources Management, A.N. Kostyakov All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation (VNIIGiM), 127550, 44 Bol’shaya Akademicheskaya St., Moscow, 127550 Russian Federation;
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Erosion of a model river bed composed of spherical particles is analyzed in the article. The authors provide their summarized analysis of forces applied by the water flow onto particles of the upper layer of the model bottom soil composed of spherical particles. The authors have proven that the force producing the hydrostatic surcharge is determined by the dimensions of areas of tight particle-to-particle contacts, where a thin film of unfree water is incapable of transmitting hydrostatic pressure. This force must be considered if the particle size is below 0.03 mm. The authors have identified that the principal force responsible for the elevation of particles is the lifting force caused by the flow asymmetry in the upper soil layer. If the velocity demonstrated on the tops of particles of the upper soil layer is considered as the characteristic velocity, criterial condition of elevation of particles by the water flow is obtained as the ratio of this velocity to the hydraulic size of particles which is equal to one. The authors provide their explanation backing the above conclusion.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.6.123-160
References
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- Dey A.K., Tsujimoto T., Kitamura T. Experimental Investigations on Different Modes of Headcut Migration. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 2007, vol. 45, pp. 333—346.
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- Davis M., K?hler H.J., Koenders M.A. Unsaturated Subsoil Erosion Protection in Turbulent Flow Conditions. Journal of Hydraulic Research. 2006, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 41—43.
- Lelyavskiy S. Vvedenie v rechnuyu gidravliku [Introduction into River Hydraulics]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1961, 228 p.
- Mikhaylova N.A. Perenos tverdykh chastits turbulentnymi potokami vody [Transfer of Solid Particles by Turbulent Water Flows]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1966, 232 p.
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- Kiselev P.G. Gidravlika. Osnovy mekhaniki zhidkosti. [Hydraulics. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics]. Moscow, Energiya Publ., 1980, 360 p.
- Mirtskhulava Ts.E. Razmyv rusel i metodika otsenki ikh ustoychivosti [Erosion of River Beds and Methods of Assessment of Their Stability]. Moscow, Kolos Publ., 1967, 177 p.
- Volynov M.A. Propusknaya sposobnost’ samoformiruyushchikhsya rechnykh rusel [Capacity of Self-forming River Beds]. Prirodoobustroystvo [Nature Management]. 2011, no. 5, pp. 66—71.
- Baykov V.N., Borovkov V.S., Volynov M.A., Pisarev D.V. Lokal’noe kinematicheskoe podobie techeniya i raspredelenie skorostey v rechnykh potokakh [Local Kinematic Similarity of the Current and Velocity Distribution in River Flows]. Inzhenerno-stroitel’nyy zhurnal [Civil Engineering Journal]. 2012, no. 6 (32), pp. 12—19.
- Alkaeva A.B., Donenberg V.M., Kvasova I.T. Usloviya predel’noy ustoychivosti chastits nesvyaznogo grunta na dne turbulentnogo potoka [Conditions of the Limit Stability of Particles of Non-cohesive Soils on the Bottom of a Turbulent Flow]. Izvestiya VNIIG im. B.E. Vedeneeva [Proceedings of All-Soviet Research Institute of Hydraulics named after B.E. Vedeneev]. 1978, vol.126, pp. 22—29.
- Grishin N.N. Mekhanika pridonnykh nanosov [Mechanics of Natural Drifts]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1982, 160 p.
- Grishanin K.V. Dinamika ruslovykh potokov [Dynamics of Bed Flows]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1969, 427 p.
- Knoroz V.S. Nerazmyvayushchaya skorost’ dlya nesvyaznykh gruntov i faktory ee opredelyayushchie [Non-erosive Velocity for Non-cohesive Soils and Its Determinant Factors]. Izvestiya VNIIG im. B.E. Vedeneeva [Proceedings of All-Soviet Research Institute of Hydraulics named after B.E. Vedeneev]. 1958, vol. 59, pp. 62—81.
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Bryanskaya Yuliya Vadimovna -
National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Hydraulics; +7 (499) 261-39-12., National Research University Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 129337, Moscow, 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse;
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Zuykov Andrey L’vovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Chair, Department of Hydraulics; +7(495)287-49-14, ext. 14-18, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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Turbulence of flows is the physical reason for the increase of the hydraulic resistance inside pipes and channels. Identification of turbulence suppression methods, aimed at reduction of the hydraulic resistance, constitutes an important challenge. The authors discuss the feasibility of suppression of the near-wall turbulence in pipes using the rotation of the flow. The authors argue that the centrifugal force agitated by the flow rotation is the factor capable of depressing the turbulence and stabilizing the near-wall flow.The authors have proven the hypothesis that the centrifugal pressure can suppress turbulent fluctuations. The authors compared pulsating and centrifugal pressure values to derive the criterial condition of turbulence suppression using flow rotation. Flow rotation can be generated by internal spiral finning. Dependence of the spiral step on the hydraulic resistance coefficient is identified. The calculation of the spiral finning step in a pipe having smooth walls is performed for different values of the Reynolds number. Calculations prove that the total resistance decline may exceed 30 %. Experimental verification of calculations is need.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.6.161-169
References
- Khintse I.O. Turbulentnost’, ee mekhanizm i teoriya [Turbulence, Its Nature and Theory]. Moscow, Fizmatgiz Publ., 1963, 680 p.
- Carino E.R., Brodkey R.S. A Visual Investigation of the Wall Region in Turbulent Flow. Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 1969, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 1—30.
- Bailey S.C.C., Kunkel G.J., Hultmark M., Vallikivi M., Hill J.P., Meyer K.A., Arnold C.B., Smits A.J., Tsay C. Turbulence Measurements Using a Nanoscale Thermal Anemometry Probe. J. of Fluid Mechanics. 2010, vol. 663, pp. 160—179.
- Kuik D.J., Poelma C., Westerweel J. Quantitative Measurement of the Lifetime of Localized Turbulence in Pipe Flow. J. of Fluid Mechanics. 2010, vol. 645, pp. 529—539.
- Lyatkher V.M. Turbulentnost’ v gidrosooruzheniyakh [Turbulence inside Hydraulic Engineering Structures]. Moscow, Energiya Publ., 1968, 408 p.
- Kont-Bello Zh. Turbulentnoe techenie v kanale s parallel’nymi stenkami [Turbulent Flow in a Channel Having Parallel Walls]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1968, 325 p.
- Bogomolov A.I., Borovkov V.S., Mayranovskiy F.G. Vysokoskorostnye potoki so svobodnoy poverkhnost’yu [High Velocity Free Surface Flows]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1979, 344 p.
- Lyatkher V.M. O metodike issledovaniya pul’satsii davleniya na granitse turbulentnogo potoka [Methodology of Research into Pulsations of Pressure at the Turbulent Flow Boundary]. Trudy koordinatsionnykh soveshchaniy po gidrotekhnike. Vyp. VII. Soveshchanie po gidravlike vysokonapornykh vodosbrosnykh sooruzheniy [Work of Coordination Meetings on Hydraulic Engineering. No. VII. Meeting on Hydraulics of High-pressure Water Discharge Structures]. Moscow – Leningrad, Gosudarstvennoe energeticheskoe izd-vo publ., 1963, pp. 533—553.
- Bluemink J.J., Lohse D., Prosperetti A., Van Wijngaarden L. Drag and Lift Forces on Particles in a Rotating Flow. J. of Fluid Mechanics. 2010, vol. 643, pp. 1—31.
- Kiselev P.G. Gidravlika. Osnovy mekhaniki zhidkosti [Hydraulics. Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics]. Moscow, Energiya Publ., 1980, 360 p.
- Berger W., Labahn J. Bionische Forschungsansatze im Leitungsbau. Rohrbau-Kongress, Weimar, 2008, no. 14, pp. 15—25.
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Koposov Eugeniy Vasil’evich -
Federal State Budget Education Institution of Higher Professional Education “Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering” (NNGASU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Rector of Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNGASU), holder of the International UNESCO Chair “Ecologically safe development of a large region — the Volga basin”; +7(831)434-02-91, Federal State Budget Education Institution of Higher Professional Education “Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering” (NNGASU), 65, Iljinskaya Str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation;
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Sobol Ilya Stanislavovich -
Federal State Budget Education Institution of Higher Professional Education “Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering” (NNGASU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Hydrotechnical construction, Dean Faculty of Civil Engineering; +7(831)430-42-89, Federal State Budget Education Institution of Higher Professional Education “Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering” (NNGASU), 65, Iljinskaya Str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation;
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Ezhkov Alexei Nikolaevich -
Federal State Budget Education Institution of Higher Professional Education “Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering” (NNGASU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Hydrotechnical Construction; +7(831)430-42-89, Federal State Budget Education Institution of Higher Professional Education “Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering” (NNGASU), 65, Iljinskaya Str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation;
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The coastline of reservoirs of Volga Сascade has a total length of more than 11,000 km. According to various estimates about 37—48 % of total length of the banks are the banks, breaking down due to abrasion. The length of coastline of reservoirs of Volga Сascade within the boundaries of settlements is 985 km, including those in the major cities 442 km. The greatest evolutionary destruction banks are exposed to is avalanche- crumbling the shore of abrasion. The most dangerous of unpredictable behavior is land- slide coast. The Gorky reservoir in the forthcoming decade is expected to be subjected to reformation abrasion in his lake part with the average intensity of 0.47—0.10 m/year. For the period of exploitation Cheboksary reservoir from 1981 to 2011 averages of observed speed retreat edge of the abrasion shores amounted to 1.2—0.2 m/year. Large landslides on the Volga River confined to the high slopes of the right bank, folded Upper, Upper Jurassic, Lower Cretaceous deposits, are most common in the Gorky, Cheboksary, Kuibyshev, Saratov, Volgograd reservoir. Development of landslide Sursko-Volga slope in Vasil’sursk is going on from the beginning of observations (1523). In the twentieth century significant increase in landslides observed appeared in 1913—1914, 1946—1948,1979—1981 (1981 is the year when Cheboksary reservoir had been filled to the level of63.0 meters). Research method of fractal analysis of landslide activity on the right bank of the Volga River in connection with the periods of solar activity have shown that the period 2008—2019 should be characterized by a reduced number of developing land- slides, although in 2012 and 2017—2019 were perhaps the years with mean rates. This is confirmed by the data for 2012 for the city of Nizhny Novgorod. Landslides does not reveal the general tendency to decay with time. The problem of protection from destruction sites and sliding abrasion shores existing reservoirs does remain actual. Designed are methods to help forecast its decision in the present conditions, taking into account economic, social and environmental factors.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.6.170-188
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- Chernyaev A.M. Voda Rossii. Vodohrahnilischa [Russian Water. Reservoirs]. Ekaterinburg, “Aqua-Press” Publ., 2001, 700 p.
- Debol’skii V.K. Volzhskiye berega [Volga shore]. Ekologiya I zhizn [Ecology and Life]. 2000, no 1, pp. 44—47.
- Federalnoye agentstvo vodniyh resursov [Federal Agency of Water Resources]. Moscow: Ministerstvo prirodniyh resursov [Ministry of Natural Resources]. 2006, 24 p.
- Thieler E.R., Pilkey O.H., Yong R.S. et al. The use of mathematical models to predict beach behavior for U.S. coastal engineering: a critical review. J. Goastal res., 2000. V. 16 (1). Pp. 48—70.
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- Koposov E.V. Metodologicheskoe obespecheniye ekologicheskoy bezopasnosti stroitelstva na urbanizirovanih territoriyah podverzhenniyh vozdeystviyu opolzneviyh processov [Methodological support for sustainable construction in urban areas subject to landslides]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 3, pp.138—143.
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- World declaration. Water storage for Sustainable Development. ICOLD, ICID, IHA, IWRA. Approved on 5-th June 2012. Kyoto. Japan. Available at: http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/World-Declaration_Water-Storage-for-Sustainable-Development.pdf. Date of access: March 20, 2013.