The relevant problem of the underground space assimilation is considered in the article. The authors illustrate urban development patterns and potential transformation of the urban space ("the territory") in the course of its development. Patterns of layouts of varied space division options are provided in compliance with multiple layers of the urban space. Each layer has its standard of consideration that is identified in the course of the systemic analysis of Items I-IV. Vertical levels include the level of subsurface resources and the enclosed space of subterranean buildings and structures. The pattern of further subdivision of the urban space is provided for the purpose of differentiated assessment of its quality. The principles of dynamics of urban layers are also provided in the article. The approach proposed in the article needs further development, namely, in terms of its application to the specific features of subterranean construction undertakings.

The article represents a new outlook at the boundary-value problem of natural vibrations of a homogeneous pre-stressed orthotropic plate-stripe. In the paper, the motion equation represents a new approximate hyperbolic equation (rather than a parabolic equation used in the majority of papers covering the same problem) describing the vibration of a homogeneous orthotropic plate-stripe. The proposed research is based on newly derived boundary conditions describing the pin-edge, rigid, and elastic (vertical) types of fixing, as well as the boundary conditions applicable to the unfixed edge of the plate. The paper contemplates the application of the Laplace transformation and a non-standard representation of a homogeneous differential equation with fixed factors. The article proposes a detailed representation of the problem of natural vibrations of a homogeneous orthotropic plate-stripe if rigidly fixed at opposite sides; besides, the article also provides frequency equations (no conclusions) describing the plate characterized by the following boundary conditions: rigid fixing at one side and pin-edge fixing at the opposite side; pin-edge fixing at one side and free (unfixed) other side; rigid fixing at one side and elastic fixing at the other side. The results described in the article may be helpful if applied in the construction sector whenever flat structural elements are considered. Moreover, specialists in solid mechanics and theory of elasticity may benefit from the ideas proposed in the article.

Results of the research aimed at the development of the basic criteria and principal methodological approaches to the calculation and design that underlies any repair undertaking associated with the restructuring of engineering networks through the application of a polymeric sleeve. It is noteworthy that the pipeline material and the degree of its deprecation, identified on the basis of the residual pipe thickness, the length and the diameter of each pipeline section being repaired, the media pumped into the pipeline, the adjacent ground and subterranean infrastructure, the presence of any subterranean waters and other factors are to be considered in each specific case.
A software programme designated for the calculation of the durability of double-layer structures of pipelines connected to polymeric sleeves has been developed. The software makes it possible to consider a wide range of properties of a polymeric sleeve to identify its behavior driven by any alterations in the input information, and to select the most economical and technologically efficient option within the limits imposed by the durability-related requirements pre-set in the design.
The ultimate objective of the software programme is to assess the applicability of the trenchless repair method involving a polymeric sleeve in each specific case by taking account of the environment and the condition of the pipeline. The software is also capable of developing the requirements to be fulfilled by subcontractors in order to assure the appropriate quality of any repair work performed and the reliability of any pipeline sections repaired.

The article represents the results of the evaluation of the strain-stress distribution in the area of concentrated tensions in the two-dimensional angle-shaped area of the border. Solutions to the nonsingular homogeneous two-dimensional elastic problem may be evaluated through their extrapolation onto sections located in the vicinity of an irregular point of the border by taking the account of the experimental data and the practical accuracy of measurements taken through the application of the photoelasticity method.

The numerical algorithm of calculation of beams resting on the two-parameter elastic foundation according to the model developed by V.Z. Vlasov and N.N. Leont'yev is considered in the proposed paper. The difference form of SUPROX method (Successive Approximations Method) is applied to generate the numerical algorithm. The following beam was calculated to test the proposed calculation algorithm: с1=1/2; С2=1/3;g=0; Δmj=1; =1. Comparison of the result of the analytical solution with the proposed one has proven the high accuracy of the latter. Another example
represents the calculation of a short beam featuring a span and resting on the two-parameter foundation.

Effective method of strengthening of foundations of existing buildings by pre-stressed shells is considered in the paper. Advantages of the proposed strengthening method, its production technology and pre-conditions of its analysis are also presented. Presently, strengthening of ground foundations and foundations of buildings and structures is a relevant civil engineering challenge. It is driven by high intensity of restructuring and modernization of buildings and alteration of geological engineering conditions of the areas that are being built up. One of effective methods of strengthening of foundations of existing buildings represents arrangement of pre-stressed concrete shells with conventional steel or metal-free reinforcement. If compared with injection-based technologies, the proposed reinforcement method reduces the cost of construction work by 1.5 times, on average. Therefore, the per-unit cost of shell-based reinforcement of foundations is under 500 Russian roubles per 1 sq. m. of the building floor area. It is noteworthy that no restrictions are imposed on the operation of the building in the course of the above reconstruction, as the secluded backyard is the sole area that accommodates supplementary construction operations.

Periodic two- and three-dimensional structural models designated for rectangular-plan buildings are considered in the article. Expressions for identification of natural frequencies designated for unloaded and loaded two-dimensional structural models, as well as non-free three-dimensional structural models of multistoried buildings are provided in the article.

The intermixing of hot turbulent gases in an axisymmetric channel with lateral surfaces of arbitrary shape and a pre-swirled flow is considered in the paper. This problem is relevant in connection with the development of new high-tech designs of natural fuel combustion facilities. Any designs are to comply with specific requirements. The temperature of the flue gas must not fall below a certain limit to prevent promotion of condensation that facilitates pipe corrosion. The gas outlet velocity must exceed 4 m/s to prevent the downdraft. The concentration of pollutants released into the atmosphere must fall within permissible limits. The mathematical model is based on parabolized Navier-Stokes equations that restrict its applicability to continuous flows. However, in view of the mechanical nature of the problem considered, continuous flows are of particular interest. The method of equal flow-rate surfaces is used as a numerical solution. The system of equations is based on streamlines. The net of lines is not available beforehand; therefore, it is constructed alongside with the problem solution. The system of equations is completed by an algebraic turbulence model. The proposed method makes it possible to check for the optimal flow regimes inside high-rise stack structures to assure that pollutant-containing smokes and gases, emitted into the atmosphere, produce the minimal damage onto the environment.

Periodic analysis models represented as networks of oscillators designated for long one-storied buildings are considered in the article. Expressions of natural frequencies and types of fluctuations are provided. Harmonic wave propagation underneath a long one-storied building is considered.

In the article, the authors consider some classes of problems of geomechanics that are resolved through the application of SIMULIA ABAQUS software. The tasks associated with the assessment of the zone of influence of structures produced on surrounding buildings and structures in the dense urban environment, as well as the tectonic and physical simulation of rifts with the purpose of identification of deformations of the Earth surface and other defects of lithospheric plates. These seemingly different types of tasks can be grouped together on the basis of common characteristics due to the complexity of numerical modeling problems of geomechanics and geophysics. Non-linearity of physical processes, complexity of the geological structure and variable thickness of layers, bed thinning layers, lenses, as well as singular elements, make it hard to consolidate different elements (for example, engineering and geological elements and associated structures of buildings) in a single model. In this regard, software SIMULIA ABAQUS looks attractive, since it provides a highly advanced finite-element modeling technique, including a convenient hexahedral mesh generator, a wide range of models of elastic and plastic strain of materials, and the ability to work with certain geometric areas that interrelate through the mechanism of contacting surface pairs that have restrictions. It is noteworthy that the research also facilitates development of personal analytical methods designated for the assessment of physical and mechanical properties of heterogeneous materials as well as new solutions applicable in the vicinity of singular elements of the area that may be used in modeling together with ABAQUS software.

The artcle presents a dymanic model of a base of a structure that takes account of interal properties of soils. The properties in question are an important factor to be taken into account in the course of analysing structures together with the bases subjected to dynamic loads.
The article describes the motion of the construction foundation slab as a rigid body with six degrees of freedom on the surface of the inertial linearly deformable semi-space. The dynamic mechanical model of the base is presented as six pairs of parallel-connected springs and dampers that characterize the rigidity of the base subjected to ultimate forces (three forces alongside the axes and three moments in relation to the axes).

Results of the model hydraulic research of the earth-filled overflow dam designed by the authors of this article are presented in the paper. The efficiency of the suppression of excessive kinetic energy of the discharged flow within the downstream section is also assessed in the proposed manuscript.
The potential efficiency of earth-filled dams with a downstream section giving way to floodwaters is also provided. The article presents the characteristics of structural elements applied to connect the downstream section of a dam, including its low cost, fast and simple installation and de-installation, problem-free repair and re-use of connection elements.
The pilot structure of the earth-filled overflow water-retraining structure has been designed. It is noteworthy for geosynthetic shells used to connect the downstream section. The downstream section is curving and step-shaped. Its strengths include the low cost of its connection due to the application of relatively inexpensive geosynthetic shells, the use of local construction materials to fill the shells in question, and lower labor intensity of its installation due to the use of high-capacity machinery.
The article also presents the results of the hydraulic research of the pilot model of the proposed structure. The research has proven that the suppression of any excessive kinetic energy of the discharged water flows falling onto the step-shaped and curving section or the step-shaped section the shape of which is similar to the one made of geosynthetic shells is more efficient that the suppression provided by the smooth section by 50 % to 60 %, and the above suppression is almost equal to the one provided by the well-known step-shaped section. This conclusion can serve as the proof of the high rate of energy suppression demonstrated by the earth-filled dam designed at Samara University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. The dam in question has geosynthetic shells that connect the downstream section to the body of the dam.

Effective environmental legislative acts, industrial regulations and Construction Standards and Norms do not comprise a consistent system governing rational use of natural resources. Inconsistency of regulatory acts, unavailability of a single approach or a methodological background backing the development of new and the update of effective regulatory documents causes inconsistency of engineering and ecological information. The inconsistency prevents any competent application and correlation of the information about the condition and properties of the ground and soils. The main objective of an engineering survey is the supply of trustworthy information to teams of designers. The quality of the engineering and ecological information stands behind the safety of buildings and structures. The quality of any environment-related information and data concerning any environmental protection measures is consequent to the quality of regulatory documents. In addition to their role in the built environment, resources of the lithosphere serve as the basis for the development of almost all branches of industry and other types of human activities. Effective legal and regulatory documents ignore the fact that subsoil resources serve as the material and physical basis of the living environment on Earth. Foundations of the Legislation of the USSR and the Union Republics on Subsoil Resources served as the basis for their protection. The successor legislation includes in excess of 40 regulatory documents that govern the extraction of natural resources and losses that accompany the exploitation of their deposits. The principal acts include the Unified Rules Governing Protection of Subsoil Resources in the course of Development of Deposits of Solid Mineral Resources (1985) and other acts approved by the Principal State Technical Supervision Committee; the above Unified Rules have not undergone any substantial changes since the days of the USSR. The exception is the Subsoil Resources Law, although it has no state standards of protection of natural resources. The paper argues that an integrated approach is required to assure the protection of subsoil resources by taking account of diverse features of subsoil resources, land resources and soils.

The results of research of a newly developed metal cylindrical panel in the course of its shaping, and procedure of verification of the computer model are presented in the paper. The computer model of the panel under consideration, developed through selection of the finite element as a result of reshaping designated to ensure the formation of a plastic hinge in the points of junction between the principal element (the plate) and the stripes, makes it possible to perform a sufficiently accurate analysis of experimental and theoretical data of structures of ribbed panels under consideration.
Application of the finite elements method in the course of development of computer models for the purpose of research of the process of shaping of ribbed panels at each stage of pumping of compressed air into the panel, makes it possible to assess the alteration of the stress-strained state of the structure and to identify the parameters of the new cylindrical ribbed panel with a high degree of accuracy, including such parameters as the radius of curvature , swell ratio , and compression ratio .

The functional similarity method applicable for the simulation of various physical processes is considered in the proposed paper. A solution to some linear differential equations with variable coefficients is provided. The aforementioned equations are widely used as part of solutions to problems of mechanics of deformable solid bodies.

Relevant structural solutions, physical and mechanical characteristics, coefficients of thermal conductivity for exterior masonry walls made of autoclaved gas-concrete blocks are provided in the article.
If a single-layer wall is under consideration, an autoclaved gas-concrete block is capable of performing the two principal functions of a shell structure, including the function of thermal protection and the bearing function. The functions are performed simultaneously. Therefore, the application of the above masonry material means the design development and erection of exterior walls of residential buildings noteworthy for their thermal efficiency. In the event of frameless structures, the height of the residential building in question may be up to 5 stories, while the use of a monolithic or a ready-made frame makes it possible to build high-rise buildings, and the number of stories is not limited in this case. If the average block density is equal to 400…500 kilograms per cubic meter, the designed wall thickness is to be equal to 400 mm. Its thermal resistancemay be lower than the one set in the event of the per-element design of the thermal protection (Rreq = 3.41 м2 C/Watt, in Ufa), although it will meet the requirements of the applicable regulations if per-unit power consumption rate is considered.

The paper presents the research of the process of recovery of used motor oil to be applicable for construction machinery. The solution to the problem in question consists in the development of compact oil recovery facilities to be installed in the areas where used oil is generated. Their concept of operation consists in the employment of baromembrane liquid separation principle. It is characterized by low power consumption, as the separation of used oil from admixtures may be performed within the temperature range of 20 to 40°C. The following conclusions were made upon completion of the research project:
used motor oils may be applied for recovery purposes through the application of membranes, with dimensions of pores varying from 0.15 to 0.5 mcm;
the optimal filtering pressure is to vary between 0.3 and 0.5 MPa;
any further research is to cover the problem of periodicity of maintenance of membranes aimed at the restoration of their performance and selectivity within a particular service period.
Depending on the type of membranes and the degree of used oil treatment, recovered oil may be applied for the initially designated purpose, as an additive injected into diesel fuel or delivered to major oil recovery facilities, although the latter purpose requires preliminary improvement of physical and chemical properties of used oil to assure its complete recovery.

The author argues that the current standards of the quality of discharged waste waters are the drivers of new technologies of their treatment. Now traditional biological treatment is considered a universal method. However, compliance with the most recent standards requires that efficient removal of phosphorus in the course of biological processes must rise from 20 - 40 % to 98 - 99 %, efficiency of treatment of ammonium must go up to 98 - 99 %, while the share of nitrate and nitrite compounds formed in the course of biological treatment must be limited.
Given the fact that the contemporary method of treatment of waste water must meet the ecological requirements and be economical, improved technologies of biological treatment are most acceptable ones.
For practical purposes, the most solicited technologies are those that are based on the alternation of aerobic and anaerobic conditions of treatment of waste waters and/or active sludge. The most widely spread aerobic - anaerobic technology of treatment employs the method of biological nitrification - de-nitrification, which is the only method of removing all nitrogen compounds (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate) in accordance with the regulations that are effective in our country.
Any accompanying microflora boosts the overall biomass, and the laminar structure of the biological film assures the simultaneity of both aerobic and anaerobic processes, and, therefore, it intensifies the process of treatment.
Application of chemical treatment is an essential constituent of the waste water treatment technology, as it assures in-depth removal of phosphorus.

Flow analysis and pressure loss in spiral chambers of turbines and pumps are considered in the paper. Drawbacks are also specified, and recommendations are provided in terms of the hydro-mechanical analysis and the construction of spiral chambers of combined pump-chamber units and centrifugal pumps.
Liquid flow pattern in spiral chambers of centrifugal pumps and combined pump-chamber units, when operating in the pump mode, has a diffuser character, and circulatory streams, flowing in opposite directions, evolve there; streams move clockwise in the bottom area of the cross section, and in the upper area, stream move counter clockwise (when directions of water flows inside chambers are considered).
The presence of circulatory streams and the diffuser nature of the flow inside spiral chambers of centrifugal pumps and combined pump-chamber units boost uneven distribution of velocities and the loss of pressure inside chambers and trail races.
The loss of energy (pressure) in spiral chambers and trail races of the above machines can be reduced, if the output section of the spiral has the shape of a torus with a central angle φ= 45….55, taken in-between the output section of the spiral and its tooth, while the cross sectional area is equal to the section area calculated as = const or ∙ = const (this section of the spiral is the initial section of the torus).

The article presents the procedure of interaction between the water and the particles of the cement binding agent, if subjected to high-speed processing inside an intensive mixing device that represents a hydrodynamic stirrer composed of a rotor and variable section turbines. The proposed method of modification (mechanical activation) of the cement and water suspension makes it possible to reduce the cost of concrete due to reduction of the cement consumption rate. The research of strength-related properties of the cement stone has proven that high-speed mechanical processing of the binding agent, if mixed with the water, may improve mechanical properties of concrete by 25 to 30 %.

The article covers the development of the system of engineering protection of territories and structures from impounding. The emphasis is made on the engineering protection associated with the risk of negative impacts produced on structures and the adjacent territory by subterranean waters. The territory of Imeretinskaya Lowland, Adler District, Sochi, designated for the accommodation of Winter Olympic Games in 2014, served as an example of the technology underlying the system of engineering protection. Artificial elevation of the ground level by upfilling or inwashing of soil, having high filtration properties, and construction of drainage systems are planned to assure the admissible impounding risk level. The above actions will make it possible to assure the acceptable depth of the underground waters in the territory.

Crude oil and gas fields are located in remote areas known for their severe geological and climatic conditions that are aggravated by the presence of the paleocrystic frozen rock. Borehole drilling causes generation of the substantial amount of drilling waste. The sludge weighs millions of tons. Any rock is to remain frozen at any drilling site in the Yamal peninsula. Semifluid drilling waste occupies extensive areas around drilling sites; they prevent development of the surface infrastructure, they interfere with the work of drilling technicians and contribute to hazardous working conditions, they are a challenge to the local ecology. The above factors produce a negative impact on the environment and prevent sustainable development of the region. For example, disposal of drilling waste at condensed gas fields operated in the Yamal peninsula represents a substantial problem. Drilling waste contains drilling fluid used in the process of borehole drilling. It was discovered in the course of the preliminary research that drilling fluids were composite suspensions that contained bentonite, heavy spar, caustic soda, dilutants, and polymers. It was found out that the sludge was composed of silica, calcite, dolomite, aragonite, magnesite, some feldspars, heavy spar, gypsum and anhydrite, micas, hydromicas, clay minerals. Projections provided in the paper say that pre-neutralized sludge may be used in the manufacturing of building materials, such as bricks, claydite, small-size building units, etc. The authors argue that further research of the sludge elements and microstructure, as well as its chemical, mineral, granulometric and X-ray phase analyses need to be performed.

In the article, authors provide an overview of effective regulatory, reference and technical documents that govern the extent of suitability of territories adjacent to airfields for building-up. Methods of assessing the acceptable limits of the aviation noise in the areas adjacent to airfields are considered in the article. Ecologization of airfield environs is not a new problem. The research described in the article is noteworthy for the proposed optimization of any plans for the assurance of habitability of specific areas impacted by noise pollutions. The optimization consists in a set of organizational and technical solutions based on the noise levels in specific areas, development planning conditions of inhabited areas, and the monitoring of the airfield environs. It is the multi-factor approach that is capable of resolving the problem of ecological stress imposed by the noise coming from the air transport. Towards this end, the problem-solving strategy is to be developed and implemented in the areas that feature the same unfavorable environmental characteristics.

In this article, various methods of assessment of acceptable aviation noise in the environs of airfields are considered. Noise maps of Voronezh-B airfield have been compiled on the basis of the research presented in the article. The results of our research have made it possible to adjust the method of analysis underlying the acceptable setting of boundaries of residential areas impacted by the aviation noise. As a result of the research, solutions to environmental problems typical for the environs of airfields were developed and presented in the article. The results of the research were incorporated into the Infrastructure Research Project.

Discrete properties of substances found in the water can provide exhaustive information about the substances contained in it. However, they do not provide any information about the interaction between the substances and the water, or between themselves, or the overall properties of the aquatic system. Therefore, they cannot serve as the basis for the systemic approach to development of efficient water treatment technologies.
The author's suggestion is to introduce the term "aquatic system" as a description of the properties of natural and sewerage water. An aquatic system represents a collection of interconnected substances and phenomena in the aquatic medium. Therefore, natural and sewerage water represent aquatic systems, or mixtures of substances that have different origins, that interact with one another on a non-stop basis, and that are interrelated, and that interact with the water at one and the same time. Primary features of aquatic systems are considered in the article, including genesis, stability, and localization. Secondary features of aquatic systems, including their aggregate state, their biotic state, and their chemical composition.
The research of aquatic systems of natural and sewerage waters, their structure and interrelations identifies the top-priority subject of research in the aquatic ecology. Therefore, the subject matter of the aquatic ecology represents the area of research, learning and systematization of features and properties of natural and man-made aquatic systems. This area of research dives way to a new trend of the methodology of modeling and optimization of natural and sewerage water treatment technologies. Aquatic ecology is to develop the principal provisions aimed at the improvement of water treatment technologies based on the properties of aquatic systems.

The paper presents the results of the field study of the subsidence following the implementation of one of the road building methods. The field study was performed in the area alongside oil and gas field access roads built in the loose marshy ground (peat). The paper provides a description of the geosynthetics installation technology. Outdated road building technologies designated for weak road base conditions feature high consumption of materials and energy and substantial anthropogenic impact on the environment. These technologies comprise complete or partial replacement of the ground by sand, road metal, or macrofragmental material combined with timber as the reinforcing element of the base (a plank road). The objective of the field study was to develop an ecologically safe technology capable of reducing the anthropogenic impact on the environment and improving the strength and the operating safety of the road structure. The field study has proven that the aforementioned objective may be attained through the application of geosynthetic materials designated for the improvement of the bearing capacity of the weak road base. Geosynthetic materials and structures of the road subgrade ensure high speed of construction, high quality and reliability of the road structure, reduction in the consumption of materials and energy to assure the ecological safety of construction of oil and gas field access roads. Earlier, the author used the qualimetry method to assess the ecological safety. This method is used to assess the ecological safety in points. The assessments have proven that the reinforced base technology is preferable to the method of complete or partial replacement of the ground. Projection of the subsistence development pattern that makes it possible to evaluate the safety and the serviceability of the proposed solution is also an important efficiency factor. The field study involved a section of the oil and gas field access road outstretched along the oil transportation route that connected three Salym oil fields in Western Siberia.

The subject matter of this paper is the operation of Kotlass pulp and paper plant. The amount payable by the plant for the discharge of pollutants into the basin of the Northern Dvina River represents its substantial performance indicator. The pollutant discharge payment is minimal, if the maximal permissible discharge limit is not exceeded. Otherwise, the payment amount goes up. If the concentration of discharged pollutants may cause degradation of the water body, the amount would be by far bigger, given the cost of the water body recovery. If the quality of discharges is higher than the one declared, or if the quality of the discharges is higher than the quality of the water in the recipient water body, the enterprise is exempt from a fraction or the whole of the tax amount due and payable.
The analysis of the wastewater discharged by this enterprise has proven that the major portion of the pollutant discharge payment represents the amount due and payable for excessive discharges that fall beyond the limits. The diagrams that accompany the paper constitute a clear representation of this statement.
Three streams of wastewaters discharged by Kotlass pulp and paper plant are delivered into surface fishery waters. The composition of each wastewater stream and the per-pollutant payment amount is provided in the tabular form. The top five pollutants that account for 97 % of the payment amount have been identified. The major pollutants include methanol (54 % of the discharge payment) and suspended solids (21 % of the discharge payment).
On the basis of the above, the principal environmental protection plan of actions was developed to assure that the maximal permissible discharge limit is not exceeded by Kotlass pulp and paper plant. The proposed plan is designated to resolve specific process-related issues from the viewpoint of economy and environmental protection. Its implementation will reduce discharges of suspended solids by 50 %, whereas the concentration of methanol in the wastewater will also go down.

Today, Russian Far East represents a transit hub connecting Europe and Russia with Southeast Asia, Japan and America. The optimal pattern of its development involves its economic growth in combination with the implementation of major investment projects to be funded by the state and private investors. Despite substantial local problems, development of eastern regions is the top-priority task for Russian and international businesses.
The paper proposes several alternative solutions to the power generation problems of Russian Far East through the application of renewable sources of power. Namely, several options considered in this paper include construction of a tidal power plant in Tugurskij bay sheltered from the heavy ice of the Sea of Ohotsk by a string of the Shantar Islands, as well as the complementary operation of wave power plants. However, the use of power generated by tidal power plants seems to be problematic due to uneven power generation for the reason of cyclical (bi-weekly) nature of tides.
This paper proposes several solutions to ensure regular power generation by Tugurskaja tidal power plant. Solution 1 contemplates the backing to be provided by Sredne-Uchurskaja and Kankunskaja hydraulic power plants in South Yakutia.
The amount of power undersupplied by Tugurskaja tidal power plant may be covered by the hydraulic power plants, and the drop-down in the performance of a tidal power plant may be compensated by the hydraulic power plants to ensure guaranteed complementary performance of a power generating vehicle composed of a network of tidal and hydraulic power plants.
Solution 2, which is more effective, involves construction of a pumped-storage power plant in a valley of the Ujkan River tributary in Khabarovsk Krai.

The authors argue that the costs of design development, building and maintenance of items of real estate are interconnected, and that they depend heavily on the high quality of work performed at each of the above stages. Quality management standards, according to ISO 9001:2008 international standards, assure the satisfactory quality of building works. Classification of the quality indicators distributed into several groups is developed to ensure the target management of the quality of building works. They include indicators of consumer properties; reliability indicators; typification indicators; technology intensiveness indicators; ergonomic indicators; esthetic indicators; economic indicators. Further, an integrated indicator of quality, including all groups specified above, is developed. Improvement of the quality of building works means saving three principal groups of resources: materials, labor and funding.
Calculation of reduction of the overall cost of the real estate item that has improved quality indicators in comparison with the overall cost of the real estate item of satisfactory quality, taken as a benchmark, is made. The nature of interrelation between the quality of building works and maintenance expenses is provided. The overall cost of the item increases alongside with the increase of its quality, therefore the pre-set quality indicator should be defined by taking account of the market conditions, rates charged for building works and payable by buyers, and the amount of building works that sell at a higher price. The indicator of the overall cost of the item of real estate, if forthcoming operational expenses are taken into account, i.e. calculated for the course of the overall life cycle of the item, is essential if the investor is going to maintain the building. Investors often act as sellers of completed buildings; therefore, the product price set at the time when it is offered for sale is of particular importance.

The article represents the overview of unification and standardization processes, and their impact on the construction sector in the new social and economic environment of Russia. The expediency of compilation of regional construction catalogues as the drivers of accelerated construction works, construction quality improvement, and profitability. The proposed methodology and the expert opinion principles that serve as its basis may be applied to other sections of regional (territorial) construction catalogues. No national economy, regions or territories can pursue their development absent of the construction sector; therefore, a scientific approach to the organization of the process of designing, construction and operation of buildings and structures on the basis of regional unification and regional catalogues of solutions encompassing construction operations, structures and products are of particular relevance.

Рассмотрены особенности и условия эффективного осуществления инновационных процессов с учетом технических, производственных, коммерческих и других рисков. Предложено создать специальную структуру для оказания услуг по поддержке и сопровождению инновационной деятельности в виде информационно-технологического центра. Разработаны функциональная структура и экономико-математическая модель расчета экономического эффекта от его деятельности.

Investigation of the atmospheric dispersion as part of the process of selection of sites to accommodate nuclear and thermal power plants is performed to identify concentration fields of emissions and to assess the anthropogenic impact produced on the landscape components and human beings. Scattering properties of the atmospheric boundary layer are mainly determined by the turbulence intensity and the wind field. In its turn, the turbulence intensity is associated with the thermal stratification of the boundary layer. Therefore, research of the atmospheric dispersion is reduced to the study of temperature and wind patterns of the boundary layer. Statistical processing and analysis of the upper-air data involves the input of the data collected by upper-air stations. Until recently, the upper-air data covering the standard period between 1961 and 1970 were applied for these purposes, although these data cannot assure sufficient reliability of assessments in terms of the properties of the atmospheric dispersion. However, recent scientific and technological developments make it possible to substantially increase the data coverage by adding the upper-air data collected within the period between 1964 and 2010. The article has a brief overview of BL_PROGS, a specialized software package designated for the processing of the above data. The software package analyzes the principal properties of the atmospheric dispersion. The use of the proposed software package requires preliminary development of a database that has the information collected by an upper-air station. The software package is noteworthy for the absence of any substantial limitations imposed onto the amount of the input data that may go up in proportion to the amount of the upper-air data collected by upper-air stations.