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SAFETY OF BUILDING SYSTEMS. ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. GEOECOLOGY

Prediction of stress-strain state of municipal solid waste with application of soft soil creep model

Вестник МГСУ 9/2014
  • Ofrikhter Vadim Grigor'evich - Perm National Research Polytechnical University (PNRPU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Construction Operations and Geotechnics, Perm National Research Polytechnical University (PNRPU), 29 Komsomol'skiy prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; +7 (342) 219-83-74; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .
  • Ofrikhter Yan Vadimovich - Perm National Research Polytechnical University (PNRPU) student, Construction Department, Perm National Research Polytechnical University (PNRPU), 29 Komsomol'skiy prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; +7 (342) 219-83-74; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .

Страницы 82-92

The deformation of municipal solid waste is a complex process caused by the nature of MSW, the properties of which differ from the properties of common soils. The mass of municipal solid waste shows the mixed behaviour partially similar to granular soils, and partially - to cohesive. So, one of mechanical characteristics of MSW is the cohesion typical to cohesive soils, but at the same time the filtration coefficient of MSW has an order of 1 m/day that is characteristic for granular soils. It has been established that MSW massif can be simulated like the soil reinforced by randomly oriented fibers. Today a significant amount of the verified and well proved software products are available for numerical modelling of soils. The majority of them use finite element method (FEM). The soft soil creep model (SSC-model) seems to be the most suitable for modelling of municipal solid waste, as it allows estimating the development of settlements in time with separation of primary and secondary consolidation. Unlike the soft soil, one of the factors of secondary consolidation of MSW is biological degradation, the influence of which is possible to consider at the definition of the modified parameters essential for soft soil model. Application of soft soil creep model allows carrying out the calculation of stress-strain state of waste from the beginning of landfill filling up to any moment of time both during the period of operation and in postclosure period. The comparative calculation presented in the paper is executed in Plaxis software using the soft-soil creep model in contrast to the calculation using the composite model of MSW. All the characteristics for SSC-model were derived from the composite model. The comparative results demonstrate the advantage of SSC-model for prediction of the development of MSW stress-strain state. As far as after the completion of the biodegradation processes MSW behaviour is similar to cohesion-like soils, the demonstrated approach seems to be useful for the design of waste piles as the basement for different constructions considering it as one of remediation techniques for the territories occupied by the old waste.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.9.82-92

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  1. Kockel R., Jessberger H.L. Stability Evaluation of Municipal Solid Waste Slopes. Proceedings of 11th European Conference for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Copenhagen, Denmark, Danish Geotechnical Society, 1995, vol. 2, pp. 73—78.
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THE USE OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RETIREMENT PROGRAMS FOR OLD DUMPS

Вестник МГСУ 8/2016
  • Slyusar’ Natal’ya Nikolaevna - Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNRPU), 29 Komsomol’skiy prospekt, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .

Страницы 88-99

Though the technologies of waste recycling and disposal are continuously developing, waste storage on dumps and landfills still remains one of the most popular storage methods. There are twice more illegal dumps than legal ones. Waste dumps have negative effect on the environment and attract insects, rodents and stray animals. The analysis of data on beginning of operation of municipal solid waste disposals showed that the majority of them are on the stage biogas emission and filtrate formation. The paper presents a method for environmental risk assessment for old dumps and landfills. The assessment method is based on point scoring according to a group of criteria and takes into account the objects’ sites, geological and hydrological conditions, technical facilities. The method allows ranking dumps’ sites basing on the priority for dump closing and it can be used for the development of regional programs for closing old dumps and operating municipal landfills.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2016.8.88-99

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Environmental impact estimation of municipal solidwaste treatment based on their composition and properties

Вестник МГСУ 2/2014
  • Il'inykh Galina Viktorovna - Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNIPU) Senior Lecturer, Department of Environmental Protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNIPU), 29 Komsomolskiy prospect, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .
  • Korotaev Vladimir Nikolayevich - Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNIPU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Vice-rector for Science and Innovations, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNIPU), 29 Komsomolskiy prospect, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .
  • Vaysman Yakov Iosifovich - Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNIPU) Doctor of Medical Sciences, Department of Environmental Protection, Perm National Research Polytechnic University (PNIPU), 29 Komsomolskiy prospect, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .

Страницы 131-139

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a significant environmental and sanitarian problem for urban areas. Different, often alternative, measures are considered in order to reduce the environmental impact of MSW management system, so adequate technique of comparative assessment of their environmental efficiency is needed. The problem is that waste composition, dangerous and organic matter content are often ignored when environmental impacts of MSW management system are calculated. Therefore, an algorithm of environmental impact estimation of municipal solid waste treatment based on their composition and properties is a question of considerable importance.The main difficulty in performing environmental impact calculation in compliance with MSW composition is the evaluation of the emissions per waste unit. Waste component content and biodegradable carbon content in every component are taken into account as basic waste features for emission estimation. Methane generation potential is calculated as a function of biodegradable carbon content.Environmental impacts of waste treatment on manual sorting plant in Yekaterinburg are given as an example. Waste composition analysis was carried out there in 2012. Material flow analysis allowed clarifying mass balance of the process. About 10 % of income waste mass are going out of the waste management system as a recyclables and determine the decreasing of environmental impacts. 1.24 % of biodegradable carbon don’t reach landfills, so it means that production of about ten cubic meters of biogas per ton of income MSW are prevented. When converting this data in money, it results in 47.1 rubles per ton of MSW or about 4.7 million rubles annually.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.2.131-139

Библиографический список
  1. Mirnyy A.N., Skvortsov L.S., Pupyrev E.I., Koretskiy V.E. Kommunal'naya ekologiya. Entsiklopedicheskiy spravochnik [Communal Ecology. Encyclopedic Guide]. Moscow, Prima-Press-M Publ., 2007, 806 p.
  2. Slyusar' N.N., Surkov A.A., Il'inykh G.V. Vybor sistemy degazatsii svalki tverdykh bytovykh otkhodov na primere g. Khabarovska [Biogas Collection System Selection if Municipal Solid Waste Landfills on the Example of Khabarovsk City]. Vestnik Permskogo natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. Urbanistika [Proceedings of Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Urban Studies]. 2011, no. 3, pp. 65—74.
  3. Metodicheskie ukazaniya po raschetu vybrosov parnikovykh gazov v atmosferu ot poligonov tverdykh bytovykh otkhodov [Guidelines on Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimation Caused by Municipal Solid Waste Landfills]. Almaty, 2010.
  4. Shaimova A.M., Nasyrova L.A., Faskhutdinov R.R. Izuchenie faktorov metangeneratsii v usloviyakh poligona tverdykh bytovykh otkhodov [Investigation of the Methane Generation Factors in the Conditions of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills]. Bashkirskiy khimicheskiy zhurnal [Bashkir Chemical Journal]. 2011, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 172—176.
  5. Batrakova G.M., Boyarshinov M.G., Goremykin V.D. Modelirovanie perenosa i rasseivaniya v atmosfernom vozdukhe metana, emitirovannogo s territorii zakhoroneniya tverdykh bytovykh otkhodov [Simulation of Methane Transfer and Dispersion Emitted from Municipal Solid Waste Landfills]. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Geologiya [Proceedings of Voronezh State University. Geology Series]. 2005, no. 1, pp. 256—262.
  6. Maksimova S.V., Glushankova I.S. Metodika opredeleniya ob"ema i skorosti obrazovaniya metana na sanitarnykh poligonakh zakhoroneniya tverdykh bytovykh otkhodov [Methods of Estimating the Methane Generation Volume and Speed on the Sanitarian Municipal Solid Waste Landfills]. Geoekologiya, inzhenernaya geologiya, gidrogeologiya, geokriologiya [Geoecology, Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology, Geocryology]. 2004, no. 5, pp. 433—438.
  7. Methods for Estimation Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Municipal Waste Disposal. EIIP. Vol. 8, chap. 5, Municipal Waste Management, 1999 ISW Consulting. EPA, 1999.
  8. Cooper C.D., Reinhart D.R., Rash F. Landfill Gas Emissions. Report. Florida Center for Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, US EPA, 1992, 130 p.
  9. Brunner P., Lahner T. Die Deponie. TU Wien: Institut f?r Wassergute und abfalwirtschaft, 1994—1995.
  10. Metodika rascheta kolichestvennykh kharakteristik vybrosov zagryaznyayushchikh veshchestv v atmosferu ot poligonov tverdykh bytovykh i promyshlennykh otkhodov [Method of Air Emission Calculation from Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Landfills]. Moscow, 2004.
  11. Tagilova O.A., Tagilov M.A. Issledovanie effektivnosti protivofil'tratsionnoy zashchity osnovaniy poligonov TBO [Efficiency Investigation of Impervious Protective Beds of Municipal Solid Waste Landfills]. Ekologicheskie problemy i sovremennye tekhnologii vodosnabzheniya i vodootvedeniya: tezisy i doklady nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Environmental Problems and Modern Water Supply and Water Disposal Technologies: Theses and Reports of Scientific and Practical Conference]. Chelyabinsk, 2000, pp. 72—73.
  12. Il'inykh G.V., Ust'yantsev E.A., Vaysman Ya.I. Postroenie material'nogo balansa linii ruchnoy sortirovki tverdykh bytovykh otkhodov [Material Flow Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Manual Sorting Line]. Ekologiya i promyshlennost' Rossii [Ecology and Industry of Russia]. 2013, no. 1, pp. 22—25.

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Innovative system of organization, accounting treatment of solid municipal and bulky waste, economic incentives for their separate collection and processing

Вестник МГСУ 1/2019 Том 14
  • Marev Vladimir A. - Research Institute “Environmental Industrial Policy Centre” (EIPC) Head of the Scientific and methodological center waste and secondary resources management, Research Institute “Environmental Industrial Policy Centre” (EIPC), 42 Olympic avenue, 141018, Mytishchi, Russian Federation.
  • Gaev Fedor F. - Research Institute “Environmental Industrial Policy Centre” (EIPC) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Deputy head of waste and secondary resources management methodology Department, Research Institute “Environmental Industrial Policy Centre” (EIPC), 42 Olympic avenue, 141018, Mytishchi, Russian Federation.
  • Shkanov Sergey I. - Research Institute “Environmental Industrial Policy Centre” (EIPC) research associate, Research Institute “Environmental Industrial Policy Centre” (EIPC), 42 Olympic avenue, 141018, Mytishchi, Russian Federation.
  • Yakushina Anastasia M. - Research Institute “Environmental Industrial Policy Centre” (EIPC) research fellow, Research Institute “Environmental Industrial Policy Centre” (EIPC), 42 Olympic avenue, 141018, Mytishchi, Russian Federation.
  • Rakhmanov Mikhail L. - Research Institute “Environmental Industrial Policy Centre” (EIPC); Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI) Doktor of Technical Sciences, Proffessor, Research Institute “Environmental Industrial Policy Centre” (EIPC); Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) (MAI), 4 Volokolamskoe shosse, A-80, GSP-3, Moscow, 125993, Russian Federation.
  • Velichko Evgeniy G. - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Building Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
  • Yushin Vasiliy V. - Southwest State University (SWSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate professor, Head of the Department of labor and environmental protection, Southwest State University (SWSU), 94 50 years of October st., Kursk, 305040, Russian Federation.
  • Vahrushev Sergey A. - Non-profit organization “Bar Association No. 80 of Moscow region” awyer, Non-profit organization “Bar Association No. 80 of Moscow region”, 12 Krasnoznamennaya st., Krasnoznamensk, 143090, Russian Federation.
  • Tskhovrebov Eduard S. - Research Institute “Environmental Industrial Policy Centre” (EIPC) Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Research Institute “Environmental Industrial Policy Centre” (EIPC), 42 Olympic avenue, 141018, Mytishchi, Russian Federation.

Страницы 46-59

Introduction. The approach to the creation and development of the system of separate collection and pre-treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) and bulky waste. At present, Russia is lagging behind in the level of waste disposal, the expedient use of secondary resources. One of the main reasons is the lack of a cost-effective system for managing waste and secondary resources. Despite the deteriorating environmental situation, the closure of landfills for municipal solid waste, the growth of unauthorized landfills, there has been a trend of growth in tariffs for removal and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) and bulky waste affecting the entire population of Russia. This problem determines the need to find new scientific and methodological approaches and practical solutions for planning not only the placement of industrial waste disposal infrastructure, but also creating a system for separate collection and pretreatment of MSW and bulky waste in the sources of their formation, justification and optimization of the standards for the accumulation of this waste for citizens. Materials and methods. Materials for conducting a scientific research are: legal acts, standards, guidelines and recommendations, regulatory and technical documentation in the field of waste management, published materials of domestic and foreign scientific research. The methods of scientific research are based on the use of factor, comparative, expert types of analysis. Results. Optimization of the system for calculating the standard of accumulation of MSW and bulky waste is proposed; reducing the financial burden on citizens in terms of tariffs for garbage collection; economic incentives for the population to separate the collection of MSW with the pretreatment of the components of this waste to the level of demanded secondary resources. Conclusions. The introduction of the proposed system will allow achieving socio-economic, environmental, natural resource, political effect, consolidating the society to solve the problem of resource conservation, the use of secondary resources.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2019.1.46-59

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